Rotation-2

Rotation-2
1.A spherical ball is given a translation velocity equal to
surface where the coefficient of friction is

and pushed along a horizontal

calculate the time after which it begins to roll

without slipping. Also calculate the velocity of center of mass after it begins to roll without
slipping.
Solution:
The point of contact has a forward velocity when the ball starts moving. This causes slipping
and hence a kinetic friction equal to

acts in backward direction. This frictional force

provides a clock-wise torque and hence the angular velocity increases from zero to
the same frictional force reduces the linear velocity of center of mass from

in time t.

in time t.

If the ball begins to roll without slipping after time t

We also have
(

for pure rolling

(iii)

Hence after

seconds, the translation speed of ball reduces to

and it begins to roll

without slipping.

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Rotation-2
2. A solid sphere is set into motion on a rough horizontal surface
with a linear speed

in the forward direction and a angular speed

the anticlockwise direction as shown in figure. Find the value of

ratio

as that sphere comes to rest permently after some time

calculates this time also. The coefficient of friction is

Solution:
The point of contact of the sphere and the ground is slipping in
forward direction. A kinetic friction acts in backward direction which
causes backward acceleration of C.M. and clockwise torque.
Therefore, velocity of center of mass and angular velocity decreases
with time.

From (i) and (ii) we get:

3. A board of mass M, whose upper surface is tough and under surface smooth, rests on
a smooth horizontal plane. A sphere of mass m is placed on the board is suddenly given
a velocity v in the direction of its length. Find the time after which the sphere begins
pure rolling. If the coefficient of friction between the board and the sphere is
Solution:
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Rotation-2

Let a be the acceleration of block mass M.

Let

be the acceleration of C.M. of sphere.

Let a of be the angular acceleration of sphere.

When pure rolling starts velocity of points P and Q will become equal

(Condition for pure rolling)

Solving (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get:

4. A billiard ball, initially at rest, is given a sharp impulse by a rod. The rod is held horizontally
at a height h above the center of the ball. The ball immediately begins to roll without slipping
after the impact. Calculate the height h in terms of the radius of the ball.
Solution:
The horizontal force creates a linear impulse and angular impulse.

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Rotation-2

Linear impulse= change in linear momentum

Angular impulse about CM= change in angular momentum

Dividing (ii) by (i) we get:

5. A billiard ball (of radius R), initially at rest is given a sharp impulse by
a car. The cue is held horizontally a distance h above the central line as
shown. The ball leaves the cue with a speed
acquires a final speed of

and after some time

. Show that h= 4/5 R.

Solution:
Let

be the linear velocity and

be the angular velocity imparted.

As linear velocity increases to

friction must be in forward direction & hence

opposes angular motion.

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Rotation-2

For linear motion:

For rotation
Frictional torque

opposes rotation & hence decreases

After time t
Combining all the equation
(

Substitute
(

from 1.
)

6 In a zero-g environment a thin uniform rod of length is initially at respect to an inertia

frame of reference. The rod is tapped at one end perpendicular to its length. How far does the
center of mass translate while the rod completes one revolution about its center of mass?
Solution:
The impulsive tap delivered perpendicularly to the rod at one end gives some linear
momentum to the CM of the rod and also some angular momentum about the CM.
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Rotation-2

Translation of CM

This result is substituted in the equation at the right.

Rotation about the CM

Let

be the time required for one complete revolution of

rad.Multiplying both sides by

gives
(

7. A turntable rotates about a fixed vertical axis, making one revolution in 10 s. the
moment of inertia of the turntable about the axis is 1200 kg

a man of mass 80 kg

initially standing at the center of the turntable, runs out along a radius. What is the
angular velocity of the turntable when the man is 2m from the center?
Solution:
initial moment of inertia of the system

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Rotation-2

I= final moment of inertia of the system

By conservation of angular momentum

8. The cylinder shown in figure has a fixed axis and is

initially at rest. The block of mass M is initially moving
to the right without friction with speed

. It passes

over the cylinder to the dotted position. When it first

makes contact with the cylinder, it slips on the cylinder but the friction is large enough so that
slipping ceases before M loses contact with the cylinder. Calculate the final speed

in terms of

(moment of inertia of cylinder) and radius (R).

Solution:
Let

be the angular velocity acquired by the cylinder as a result of contact. Applying

conservation of angular momentum to the block-cylinder system about the axis through O

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Rotation-2
As the slipping ceases,

9. A man of mass 100 kg stands at the rim of a turntable of radius 2m and moment of
inertia

mounted on a vertical frictionless shaft at its center. The whole

system is initially at rest. The man now walks along the outer edge of turntable with a
velocity of 1 m/s relative to the earth.
(a) With what angular velocity of 1 m/s relative to the earth.
(b) Through what angle will it have rotated when the man reaches his initial position on
the turntable?
(c) Through what angle will it have rotated when the man reaches his initial position
relative to the earth?
Solution:
Solution:
(a) by conservation of angular momentum on the man-table system

( )

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Rotation-2

Thus the table rotates clock-wise (opposite to man) with angular velocity
(b) if the man completes one revolution relative to the table, then:

(where t is the time taken)

=
angular displacement of table is
(

The table rotated through

radius clockwise.

(c) if the man completes one revolution relative to the earth, then:

During this time, angular displacement of the table

(

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Rotation-2
10. A small block of mass 4 kg is attached to a cord passing through a hole in a horizontal
frictionless surface. The block is originally revolving in a circle of radius of 0.5 m about
the hole, with a tangential velocity of 4 m/s. the cord is then pulled slowly form below,
shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves. The breaking strength of
the cord is 600 N. what will be the radius of the circle when the cord breaks.
Solution:
The tension on the rope is the only net force on the block and it does not exert any torque
about the axis of rotation. Hence the angular momentum of the block about the axis
should remain conserved.

Let

be the radius, velocity and tension when the string breaks.

6

6
6

6
6

Note: the tension in the string is inversely proportional to the cube of the radius.
11. Two skaters, each of mass 50 kg, approach each other along parallel paths separated
by 3 m. they have equal and opposite velocities of 10 m/s. the first skater carries a long
light pole, 3m long, and the second skater grabs the end of it as he passes (assume
frictionless ice)
(a) Describe quantitatively the motion of the skaters after they are connected by the pole.
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(b) By pulling on the pole skaters reduce their distance apart 1 m. what is their motion then?
(c) Compare the KEs of the system in parts a and b Where does the change come from?
Solution:
(a) As the net linear momentum of the system (skater+ pole) is zero, the center of mass will be
at rest before and after the collision. The skaters and the pole will rotate around the center of
mass (at the mid-point of the pole). Applying the conservation of angular momentum about as
axis through C and perpendicular to the plane of the figure

(b) As the separation reduces to

(conservation of angular momentum)

6
angular velocity increases

The kinetic energy increases because the skaters do positive work in pulling themselves
towards the center of pole
12. Two uniform thin rods A & B length 0.6 m each and of masses 0.01 kg and 0.02 kg
respectively are rigidly joined end to end. The combination is pivoted at the lighter end; P as
shown in figure such that it can freely rotate about the point P is a vertical plane. A small object
of mass 0.05 kg, moving horizontally hits the lower end of the combination and sticks to it.

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Rotation-2
What should be the velocity of the object as that the system could just be raised to the
horizontal position?
Solution:
Let u = velocity with which mass (m= 0.05 kg) hits the rod.
Apply conservation of angular momentum about P.

angular velocity of the system after impact.

6

Where I= total moment of inertia of the system about F

) )

Substituting the values in (ii),

Substituting for 1 m in (i),

After impact, loss in KE or rod = gain in PE

(as the rod rotates)

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Rotation-2

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6
13. A target in a shooting gallery consists of a vertical square wooded board, 0.2 m on a side, of
mass 2kg, pivoted on an axis along its top edge. It is struck at the center by a bullet of mass 5
gm, travelling 300 m/s. the bullet gets embedded in the board.
a What is the maximum angular velocity of the board just after bullets impact?
(b) What maximum height above the equilibrium position does the center of the board reach
before starting to swim down again?
(c) What bullet speed would be required for the board to swim all the way over impact?
Solution:
(a) during collision impulse on the system is acting at point A. angular momentum can be
conserved only about A.
(b) loss in K.E= Gain in P.E.
(

(c) loss in K.E= Gain in P.E.

(

6
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Rotation-2

14. A particle of mass M is subject to an attractive central force of magnitude

where

k is a constant. At the instant when the particle is at extreme position in its closed
elliptical orbit its distance from the center of force is a and its speed is

calculate its

distance from force-center when it is at the other extreme position.

Solution:
Let P be the particle and C be the force-center.
distances

are its extreme positions at

from C.

We will apply conservation of energy and angular momentum about C.

(compare the expression of force with gravitational force)

From conservation of energy,

From conservation of angular momentum about C

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Rotation-2

The outer extreme position is at a distance of a/3 from C.

Note: if the mass m is a satellite in an elliptical orbit around a planet of mass M, then k= GmM
and the planet is at force- center C.
15. A meter stick lies on a frictionless horizontal table. It has a mass M and is
free to move in any way on the table. A hockey puck m moving as shown
with speed v collides elastically with the stick.
(a) What is the velocity of the puck after impact?
(b) What are the velocity of the CM and the angular velocity of the stick after impact?
Solution:
There is no external impulse on the system
Linear momentum is conserved
and Angular momentum about any point is conserved

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Rotation-2

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(Velocity of separation= e Velocity of Approach e: coefficient of restitution)

(

Solving (i), (ii) and (iii) we get:

(

16. A rod of mass l and length l is held vertically on a smooth horizontal floor. When it is
released from this position. Find the speed of its C.M. when it makes an angle

with

vertical.
Solution:
When rod is falling freely due to gravity. The only force of acting is of
Gravity in vertical direction.
External force in horizontal direction

i.e. C.M. travel in vertical direction.

Let

be the velocity of C.M. and b be the angular velocity of rod when it makes angle e

with the vertical.

Now as

is horizontal. Therefore vertical components should balance

Loss in P.E.= gain in K.E.

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Rotation-2

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Using (i) and (ii)

(

sin

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sin

sin

sin
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