Chapter 008

Potter & Perry: Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 8: Caring in Nursing Practice
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The best way for a new graduate to demonstrate caring behavior towards the client is by:
1. Seeking assistance before attempting a new procedure
2. Attempting to do new treatments as quickly as possible
3. Informing the client when performing a treatment for the first time on an actual
client
4. Avoiding situations with clients that may be uncomfortable for either the nurse or
the client
ANS: 1
Acquiring assistance from a staff member before performing a new procedure
demonstrates caring behavior toward a client. If the graduate nurse has the assistance of
someone who is skilled in the procedure, the client will be less likely to experience
anxiety and the procedure will likely be completed quicker.
Performing new treatments as quickly as possible may convey a message of the nurse not
having time for the client, or not valuing the client as a person.
Being honest is important, but informing clients of a lack of experience may only
increase the clients level of anxiety.
Avoiding uncomfortable situations does not demonstrate caring behavior toward the
client. In contrast, it demonstrates detachment and a lack of commitment on the part of
the nurse.
DIF: C
REF: 98
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Safe, Effective Care Environment/Coordinated
Care
2. The nurse knows that according to Benner, caring is defined as a:
1. New consciousness and moral idea
2. Nurturing way of relating to a valued other
3. Person, event, project, or thing that matters to a person
4. Central, unifying, and dominant domain necessary for health and survival
ANS: 3
According to Benner, caring means that persons, events, projects, and things matter to
people.
Watson defines caring as a new consciousness and moral idea.
Swanson defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one
feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.
According to Leininger, caring is the central, unifying, and dominant domain
distinguishing nursing from other health disciplines and is necessary for the health and
survival of all individuals.
Mosby items and derived items 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank
8-2
DIF: A
REF: 96
OBJ: Knowledge
Care
3. Which one of the following nursing activities is an example of Swansons enabling in
the caring process?
1. Staying with the client before surgery
2. Performing a urinary catheterization skillfully
3. Assessing the clients health history
4. Teaching the client how to inject fast-acting insulin
ANS: 4
According to Swanson, enabling is defined as facilitating the others passage through life
transitions (e.g., birth, death) and unfamiliar events (e.g., self-injection of insulin).
Staying with the client before surgery would be an example of Swansons being with in
the caring process.
Performing a catheterization skillfully would be an example of Swansons doing for in
the caring process.
Assessing the clients health history would be an example of Swansons knowing in the
caring process.
DIF: A
REF: 99
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
Care
4. Riemens study of nurses caring behaviors (1986) found which one of the following as a
similarity between male and female clients perceptions of nursing caring behaviors?
1. Physical presence
2. Promotion of autonomy
3. Knowledge of injection technique
4. Speed in the completion of treatment
ANS: 1
According to Riemen, the nurse being physically present with the client provides a
perception of caring, which is shared by both female and male clients.
Promotion of autonomy was not found to be a perception of caring behavior by female
and male clients in Riemens study. Mayer found promotion of autonomy to be identified
as nurse caring behavior as perceived by families of clients with cancer.
Mayer found knowledge of injection technique to be perceived as a nursing caring
behavior by cancer clients.
Speed of treatment completion was not perceived as a nursing caring behavior.
DIF: A
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
Test Bank
8-3
Care
5. The nurse should realize that the most important aspect of knowing the client involves:
1. Establishing a relationship
2. Gathering assessment data
3. Treating discomforts quickly
4. Assuming the clients emotional needs
ANS: 1
Nurses must focus on building a relationship that allows them to learn what is important
to their clients.
Gathering assessment data is not the most important aspect of knowing a client in relation
to caring. Data gathering does not ensure the nurse will be able to determine the clients
perceptions and unique expectations. Success in knowing a client lies in the relationship
that is established.
Treating discomforts quickly is not the most important aspect of knowing a client.
If a nurse is assuming the emotional needs of a client, then the nurse most likely lacks
knowledge of the client. It is more important to have a relationship in which the nurse can
verify which emotional needs the client is experiencing. Knowing who clients are helps
the nurse to select those caring approaches that are most appropriate to the clients needs.
DIF: C
REF: 97-98
OBJ: Analysis
Care
6. The nurse can best demonstrate caring behavior by:
1. Updates the family about the clients condition
2. Asks to address the client by the clients first name
3. Closes the door and covers the client during morning care
4. Shares with the clients roommate that she is scheduled for tests
ANS: 3
When the nurse closes the door and covers the client during a bath, the nurse is
displaying behaviors that make the client feel valued as a human being. The nurse is
attending to the client and is preserving the clients dignity.
Keeping family members informed is perceived as a caring behavior by family; however,
the nurse must first have the clients permission to do so.
Calling the client by his or her first name may not demonstrate caring behavior because a
caring relationship has not yet been established. The nurse would be assuming it is
acceptable to the client to call him or her by the first name. The nurse should enter the
relationship with respect for the client and avoid making assumptions.
Sharing personal information about the client with the roommate would be a breech of
confidentiality.
DIF: A
REF: 99-100
OBJ: Comprehension
Test Bank
8-4

Care
7. To best improve the bathing care provided by a particular staff member, the nurse
manager should:
1. Tell the staff member how to correctly give baths to clients
2. Provide the staff member with good resources to read on bathing clients
3. Ask another staff member to provide the units bathing care in the afternoon
4. Assist and observe the staff member in the bathing care of a client on the unit
ANS: 4
Persons who do not experience care in their lives often find it difficult to act in caring
ways. The nurse manager who demonstrates a bath acts as a role model and conveys the
value of caring. The staff member may also feel more valued because the nurse manager
took the time to be with the staff member individually.
Telling the staff member how to give baths is less apt to change behavior. The staff
member needs to see why it is important before they are likely to be motivated to change
his or her behavior.
Providing staff members with resources to read does not ensure that the staff members
will read them or change their behavior.
Asking another staff member to provide special skin care does not address the problem of
poor hygienic care by the staff member.
DIF: C
REF: 98
OBJ: Analysis
Care
8. The nurse knows that a key element in Leiningers theory of caring is that it includes:
1. Five categories of caring
2. Connectedness with others
3. Transcultural perspectives
4. Spiritual dimensions and healing
ANS: 3
A key element of Leiningers theory is transcultural perspectives. Leininger stresses that
even though human caring is a universal phenomenon, the expressions, processes, and
patterns of caring vary among cultures.
Swansons theory describes caring as consisting of five categories or processes.
Being connected with others is a key element of Benner and Wrubels theory.
A key element in Watsons theory is spiritual dimensions and healing.
DIF: A
REF: 96-97
OBJ: Knowledge
Care
Test Bank
8-5
9. Caring enables a nurse to know the client and thereby focus on identifying the clients
specific needs. This ability is most typically impacted by a nurses:
1. Assessment skills
2. Sense of compassion
3. Clinical experience
4. Communication proficiency
ANS: 3
As nurses acquire more experience, they typically learn that caring helps them to focus
on the clients for whom they care. Caring facilitates a nurses ability to know a client,
allowing the nurse to recognize a clients problems and to find and implement
individualized solutions.
While assessment skills aid a nurses ability to identify client needs, they do not have the
greatest impact on the development of caring as a nursing characteristic.
Although compassion is a vital component of a caring nurses personality, it does not
have the greatest impact on the development of caring as a nursing characteristic.
While effective, proficient nurse-client communication is a vital nursing skill, it does not
have the greatest impact on the development of caring as a nursing characteristic.
DIF: C
REF: 99
OBJ: Analysis
Care
10. A client with chronic respiratory problems tells the nurse, I havent felt this good in a
long time. The nurse realizes that the statement most reflects the clients:
1. Willingness to share his feelings
2. Acceptance of his physical limitations
3. Personal definition of his individual health
4. Acknowledgment of his chronic health problems
ANS: 3
Health is a state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality,
and lifestyle.
While this is an example of the clients willingness to share his feelings, its primary
significance is its expression of his personal definition of health as it relates to himself.
Although the statement does allude to the clients impaired physical health, its primary
While the statement does allude to the clients impaired physical health, its primary
DIF: C
REF: 96
OBJ: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance/Health and
Wellness
Test Bank
8-6
11. Which of the following statements best expresses the clients definition of personal
illness?
1. I came to the emergency department when the pain got too bad to ignore.
2. I have arthritis, but I continue to enjoy knitting, embroidery and other needle
work.
3. Sometimes my bad knee keeps me from the hiking, but I do it as much as I can.
4. It will be a terrible blow when my heart condition keeps me stuck in the house.
ANS: 1
Illness is the experience of loss or dysfunction as perceived by the client. Although the
client acknowledged an illness in each of the other responses, the statements do not
reflect a sense that the client acknowledges being ill.
DIF: C
REF: 96
OBJ: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance/Health and
Wellness
12. Which of the following statements reflects the best understanding of cultural caring
provided by professional nurses?
1. Nurses must be open to learning the culture of our clients.
2. Nurses need to attend to clients in a culturally sensitive manner.
3. I care for my clients in ways that respect their culture and beliefs.
4. Culture caring means allowing the client the freedom to be himself.
ANS: 3
Nurses must provide caring behaviors based on clients cultural values and beliefs. While
the need for human caring is universal, its application is based on cultural norms.
Although the other statements are true, they do not address the means by which a nurse is
culturally caring.
DIF: C
REF: 97
OBJ: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Psychosocial Integrity/Cultural Diversity
13. When facilities strive to improve client satisfaction, the area of primary focus should be:
1. Holistic client care
2. Caring nursing staff
3. Expert care providers
4. State-of-the-art technology
ANS: 2
As institutions look to improve client satisfaction, creating an environment of caring is a
necessary and worthwhile goal. Clients satisfaction with nursing care is an important
factor in their decision to return to a hospital. Although the other options are hallmarks of
quality client care, research has shown that client satisfaction is primarily influenced by
the clients perception of a caring nursing staff.
Test Bank
8-7
DIF: C
REF: 99
OBJ: Analysis
Care
14. The nurse observes a client scheduled for an invasive procedure crying while discussing
the procedure with a family member. Which of the following therapeutic nursing
interventions would be the most caring?
1. Arranging for the clients clergy to visit
2. Inquiring, Why is your sister crying?
3. Providing a detailed explanation of the procedure
4. Offering to sit and talk if the client has any questions
ANS: 4
Knowing who clients are helps you select caring approaches that are most appropriate to
the clients needs. For that reason, focus on building a relationship that allows you to
learn what is important to your clients.
While arranging for clergy to visit may be comforting to some clients, the nurse must first
know the client to determine if it would be appropriate and then ask the client if they
wish clergy to visit.
While asking someone why the client is crying may get to the root of the crying, it does
not aid directly in the nurse-client relationship that will help in the development of a
caring relationship built on the nurse knowing the client.
While offering to answer questions may help minimize the clients fear, it will be
effective only after the nurse knows the client well enough to determine that the crying
is a result of an insufficient understanding of the proposed procedure.
DIF: C
REF: 101
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment/Planning
Care
15. A client has confided to the nurse that she would prefer hospice care to receiving further
radical treatment for terminal pancreatic cancer. The nurse observes that the client fails to
share her wishes with her family during a discussion regarding future treatment plans.
Ethically, the nurse should first:
1. Tell the family of the clients expressed wishes
2. Privately ask the client if her wishes have changed
3. Inform the clients health care provider of her wishes
4. Share with the client the importance of expressing her wishes
ANS: 2
Test Bank
8-8
In health care settings, clients and families are often on unequal footing with
professionals because of the clients illness, lack of information, regression caused by
pain and suffering, and unfamiliar circumstances. An ethic of care places the nurse as the
clients advocate, solving ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and by giving
priority to each clients unique personhood. Initially the nurse must clarify the clients
wishes.
The nurse may evidentially be a part of a discussion between client and family, but it is
not the initial action ethically required of the nurse as the clients advocate.
The nurse may intervene between the client and health care provider, but only after
discussing the situation with the client and receiving her permission to do so.
If the client reaffirms her previously stated wishes, then it would be appropriate for the
nurse to discuss the importance of stating those wishes to the family.
DIF: C
REF: 100
OBJ: Analysis
Care
16. When the nurse offers to just sit here with you after a particularly painful procedure, a
homeless client asks, Why would you want to do that? The nurse recognizes that the
client most likely:
1. Prefers to be alone at this time
2. Does not have a need for companionship
3. Perceived the offer as being inappropriate
4. Finds it difficult to understand the nurses concern
ANS: 4
Persons who do not experience care in their lives often find it difficult to accept or
understand acts of caring or to act in a caring manner. Although the other options may be
true, the nurse should first recognize that the client may be lacking in examples of caring
in his own life and so finds it difficult to understand why someone else would be caring.
DIF: C
REF: 96
OBJ: Analysis
Care
17. A client who is re-learning to walk asks the nurse, to come with me today to physical
therapy. The nurse realizes that the client is most likely expressing:
1. A need for emotional support
2. A need for familiar companionship
3. An appreciation of the nurses caring
4. An interest in validating her progress
ANS: 3
Test Bank
8-9
Providing presence is a person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and a sense of

caring. This type of presence is something the nurse offers to the client with the purpose
of achieving some goal, such as support, comfort, or encouragement, to diminish the
intensity of unwanted feelings or for reassurance. If clients accept the nurse, they will
invite him or her to see, share, and touch their vulnerability and suffering. Although the
other options may be true, the client will not likely seek out the nurse for emotional
comfort if there is not a sense of presence between them.
DIF: C
REF: 102
OBJ: Analysis
Care
18. Which of the following client reactions reflects the greatest positive response to the
nurses use of caring touch in the form of a backrub?
1. The nurse observes the client smiling.
2. The client falls asleep shortly after the backrub.
3. The nurse feels the clients back muscles relaxing.
4. The client tells his wife that, the nurse is so nice.
ANS: 3
Caring touch is a form of nonverbal communication that successfully influences a clients
comfort and security, enhances self-esteem, and improves reality orientation.
While the other options may reflect a positive response, the presence of physical signs of
relaxation would be a greater indicator of a positive response to the nurses caring touch.
DIF: C
REF: 101
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Care
19. What is the single greatest factor that contributes to the struggle of todays nurses to
know the client?
1. Nursing shortage
2. High client acuity
3. Shorter hospital stays
4. Increasing client loads
ANS: 4
Nurses have increasingly less time to spend with clients, making it much harder to know
who they are. Nursing shortages, high client acuity, and shorter hospital stays are all
contributing factors to why nurses have increasing client loads and less time with the
patient.
DIF: C
REF: 103
OBJ: Analysis
Test Bank
8-10
Care
20. Which of the following nurse-family interactions is most reflective of caring for the
family?
1. Offering to arrange for a sleep chair for the familys use
2. Notifying the family that the client has returned from surgery
3. Telling the family when the clients surgeon will be on the unit
4. Always being available to spend time answering the familys questions
ANS: 3
Ensuring the clients well-being and helping the family to be active participants are
critical interactions for family members. Making it possible for the family to be present
when the health care provider visits with the client allows the family to play a more
active role in the clients care and treatment. While the other options show caring, they
are not the most valued examples because they do not directly impact family participation
in the clients care or treatment.
DIF: C
REF: 103
OBJ: Analysis
Care
21. With which of the following interventions does the nurse best reflect caring by
maintaining belief in a client?
1. Offering a client with cancer pain medication before a family visit
2. Explaining to a client what to expect during a bone marrow aspiration
3. Arranging for a burn client to talk with others who survived similar burns
4. Explaining to a client that he may select from a variety of entrees for dinner
ANS: 3
Maintaining belief is sustaining faith in the clients ability to successfully traverse the
situation and have a meaningful life. Offering a client with cancer pain medication before
a family visit is an example of doing for others what they cannot do for themselves.
Explaining to a client what to expect during a bone marrow aspiration is an example of
enabling that helps the client traverse the situation. Explaining to a client that he may
select from a variety of entrees for dinner is an example of enabling that helps the client
traverse the situation.
DIF: C
REF: 102
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning/Implementation
Care
22. Which of the following interventions made by a new graduate nurse reflects the best
understanding of knowing her client?
1. Asking the client, What do you need to be more comfortable?
2. Offering the clients family a sleeper chair for use in the clients room
Test Bank
8-11
3. Providing an extra blanket for a client who often complains of being cold
4. Awakening the client for a phone call from her son who lives out of town
ANS: 1
Knowing the client is striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the
client.
While offering the clients family a sleeper chair is an example of caring, it is not the best
example of knowing the client because it centers on the physical needs of the family.
While providing an extra blanket to the client is an example of caring, it is not the best
example of knowing the client.
Awakening the client for a phone call from her son who lives out of town would be an
example of knowing the client only after the nurse truly had that insight; otherwise, it is
an assumption and could interfere with actually knowing the client.
DIF: C
REF: 99
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
Care
23. The nurse is caring for a homeless client who recently emigrated from China. The client
has a language barrier, and the hospital has been unsuccessful in locating any relatives.
The health care provider is considering the option of placing the client on a respirator to
manage a severe respiratory tract problem. To be a caring advocate for this client, the
nurse must first:
1. Ask the hospital chaplain to arrange for appropriate religious support
2. Be sure that the client receives the best available care for his condition
3. Arrange for a Chinese interpreter to facilitate client-staff conversations
4. Become familiar with the Chinese cultures attitudes regarding life support
ANS: 4
To caringly advocate for this client, the nurse must first be familiar with the clients
cultural practices regarding life support. Arranging for religious support is appropriate
only if the general culture indicates a reliance on religion and/or if the interpreter
determined it was a client need.
While being sure the client receives the best available care for his condition is certainly
the role of a nurse advocate, it is only after the nurse caringly knows the client that it
can be determined what the best care really is for this client. Arranging for an interpreter
will assist in knowing the client, which will aid in becoming the clients advocate.
DIF: C
REF: 97
OBJ: Analysis
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning/Implementation
Care

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Chapter 008

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Potter & Perry: Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th Edition

MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Safe, Effective Care Environment/Coordinated

Providing presence is a person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and a sense of

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