Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ABSTRACT
The issue of slope stability is a core concern to geotechnical engineers. Traditional methods of slope
analysis have potentially ignored the effects of surface cracks and vegetation. It is also known that higher
seasonal rainfall and seepage through surface crack are closely associated with slope failure. In this study two
different rainfall intensities are analysed for rainfall induced surface cracked slope failures. Surface cracks can
change an existing seepage pattern and increase the soil moisture content into deeper layers at wet season.
Therefore, a surface crack is likely to decrease the stability of the soil and increases the tendency of a slope to
fail.
INTRODUCTION
Permeability of a soil is a measured the
capacity of the fluid or gas flow ,which in
Geotechnical Engineering more concern in liquid
rather than gas. Void in soil particles are
interconnected which enables of water to pass
through in term of the larger the pore space the
more permeable the material. This usually happen
in strongly aggregate soils like sand grains.
Thousand people are killed by slope
failure. Slope failure is a phenomenon that are slope
collapse due to weakened self-retain ability of the
earth under the influence of a rainfall infiltration
through the soil cracks and increases moisture
content in deeper layer through the seepage. The
slope fail in different way, depend on the angle of
slope the water content, types of earth material
involved and the local environmental factors.
Example of this phenomenon is happen in china on
2012. When more water move into the deeper layer
of soil this will reduce the soil shear strength and
cause slope failure. Slope failure factors:
OBJECTIVE
I.
II.
III.
APPLICATION
2.1
Introduction
The
relationship
between
permeability and range properties of soil
has interested researchers from the
beginning of modern geotechnic. Which is
how to design and modelling permeability
equation and the behaviour of it due to the
slope stabilization. In terms of how
sediments deform and pore fluid flows
during the shearing process has not been
precisely determined for the variety of
styles of landslides. While some failures
may occur at a stratigraphic discontinuity,
others may occur within the sediment
column. When failure is within the
sediment, to what extent that failure is
localized is uncertain. Not knowing when
and where failure may start happed field
observations of failure initiation and
progression.
2.2
Permeability In different
soil.
Hydraulic
Conductivity
(K)
depends on the properties of the porous
medium as well as the fluid moving
through it. K depends on the size of the
2.2.1 Permeability
Measured
Laboratory
ii.
2.3
2.4.2
Low Permeability
Advantages
In submarine soil, slope
happen give benefits to geology
oil researcher where slope failure
in base soil submarine pumping
the oil or petroleum and gas.
Disadvantages
2.4
CASE STUDY
High Permeability
Advantages
In hill construction, high
permeability is the main slope
stabilization from failure. Where
the evidence show that more
construction in high soil that the
soil content coarse soil and
granular are more long time from
slope to failure. In addition, high
permeability also is good for
influence water flow drainage
from slope soil to the main
drainage ground.
Disadvantages
High permeability also
have their weakness where at
desert there are rock formation
become high show that rock with
no combination between small
particles and high porosity will
easier the slope rock collapse.
3.1
Study Case 1: Slope
Failure at Highland Tower, Ulu
Klang, Malaysia
The Highland Towers ollapse was
an apartment building collapse that
occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman
Hillview, Ulu Klang Selangor, Malaysia.
The collapse of Block One of the
apartments caused the deaths of 48 people
and led to the complete evacuation of the
other two blocks due to safety concerns.
The Highland Towers consist of three 12storey blocks, built in phases between
1975 and 1982 at the western base of a
steeply sloped hill which was later terraced
extensively in the early 1980s. Each block
was respectively named: Block 1 (built
1977, southern-most), Block 2 (built 1979,
north-northwest of block 1, slightly
elevated than the other two, closer in to the
hill) and Block 3 (built 1981, northwest of
block 1, west of block 2). A swimming
pool was located between northwest side
of Block 2 and northeast rear of Block 3.
Block 1 collapsed when 10 continuous
days of rainfall led to a landslide after the
3.2
REFERENCES
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CONCLUSION
Surface failure of slope can occur due to
many reasons, but they are more likely to occur in
certain seasons if they are triggered by weather
events such as rain. Slope is inactive during dry
times and become active during or following
extended periods of infiltration from rain. Besides
reducing the overall strength of slope areas, the rain
infiltration will increase the water pressure in the
ground and trigger seepage flow in the soil.
Seepage reduces the stability of a slope by making
it easier for the soil particles to slide over each
other during failure.
Physical weathering results in rock falls at
high elevations (ice wedging) and may create
suitable conditions for rockslides along sheeting
joints (unloading). Rockslides may occur
preferentially on surfaces that have been weakened
by chemical weathering. Slopes in regions of rapid
chemical weathering may fail by slumping where
moisture is relatively low or by mudflows or debris
flows where water is plentiful. Rock fall may still
occur in high elevations but rockslides are less