Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By:
Mayla Choesna FP
13/350956/PSA/07449
1. Introduction
To a large extent, language has been widely studied in numerous different
lenses as an object of investigation. Theories and approaches in linguistics are
grounded by the necessity to investigate language in a different viewpoint with
different purposes as well. Pragmatics, to be one kind of those theories, propose to
give a detail look at language that is not merely take the language for granted on
its own, as syntax and semantics do. But afar from that, pragmatics lays human as
other binding factor beside language into the analysis of messages conveyed
through language. As Yule (1996:4) puts it, by the term pragmatics, he asserts that
it is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those
forms. This means that only pragmatics that allows humans into the analysis.
Language carries two types of function, transactional and interactional
function. The transactional function denotes that language is a mean to express
the content, while interactional function implies that function of language
dealing with expressing social relationships and personal attitudes (Brown &
Yule, 1983). Putting these two functions into account, pragmatics then presuppose
the interactional function of language into consideration for the sake of the
analysis of language. It is, therefore, at some point pragmatics is marked as the
study of communication as say Akmajian et.al. (2010) designate it. As pragmatics
studies communication, there are certain circumstances of communication where
which need certain interpretation too.
It has been obviously aware that in communication, a speaker does not
directly say what he meant to say at times. Using perfect forms of expression,
choice of words, and sometimes indirect answers, one could easily send a message
to his partner in conversation without making it explicitly carried by the utterance
he uttered. Such a phenomenon, if to be taken into account, could be encoded
through pragmatic analysis, specifically referring to what so labelled as
conversational implicature. As can be closely related and seen through its
terminology, implicature is what is being implied by a speaker in an utterance.
The study of implicature becomes one of those important areaif not the
utmostof subject matter in pragmatics to be dealt with. Any kind of
conversational issues can be delve into detail through this lense. In this
In the above comic picture, there can be seen an implicature when a close look is
given in this conversation.
A
Pailul
From the exemplified conversation found in the comic, arise an implicature that
Pailul as As partner in speaking implies that he will not give respect to the
Nayakapraja, the representatives. The meaning is not directly uttered through his
answer. Yet his phrasing that employs the word maling thieves to contradict the
word wakil representatives, such understanding of implied meaning can be
2. Method of Investigation
This investigation is started by compiling data considered to be relevant to
the topic of the analysis. The data is in the form of comic entitled Panji Koming
that appears weekly in Kompas newspaper. Nevertheless, to ease the process of
compiling the comics, they are sorted out and taken from a website page
(http://nikicomic.blogspot.com/2010/12/panji-koming-oye.html)
providing
b. Quality
c. Relation
: be relevant
d. Manner
: be perspicuous
Avoid ambiguity.
Be orderly.
penderitaan kami for Please, Sir. Dont add more misery on us. Through
this saying, it can be inferred that before the speech event takes place, there
already exist a misery. As from the speech the speaker intends to request/to
beg something, the speech is delivered literally and indirectly. This inference
does not need certain knowledge to conclude. This implicature belongs to that
of generalized conversational implicature. Further, the implicature rise not
because violating cooperative principles.
The next analysis is based on the second picture comic as attached below.
Title: Orang Miskin Dilarang Sekolah Poor People Cant Go to School
: Pasti Paman
I will, Uncle.
: Hwarakadaah!
My Goodness!
: Sekolah juga, sih. Setelah lulus dengan baik kerja di swasta kalau
cuma mengejar gelar jadi nayakapraja yang geblek.
They did. After they graduated they worked for private companies if
they just wanted the title, then they are dumb Nayakapraja.
The comic above can only be analyzed and resulted the below implicature:
(1) A
(2) A
From the statement stated by E, implied meaning can be seen. The hint
point is situated in the Indonesian particle sih in which it is commonly used
in the sense that there is a contradictory fact within the statememt. Here, E
implicates that he thinks Nayakapraja did go to school, but to him, they are
dumbfurther explained in the next sentence. The contradiction is realized
because people who go to school are expected to be educated and smart, not
the other way around. Therefore, the implicature can be declared as E implies
that although Nayakapraja went to school, they are dumb. The meaning of this
speech is carried through nonliteral direct act. This, is a conventional
implicature as people who go to school is conventionally believed to be
educated.
: Itu ibu yang dekat sama wong cilik minta makan, yuk.
Thats the madam who closes to civilians. Lets ask her for a meal.
(1) C
(2) D
(3) A
: Itu ibu yang dekat sama wong cilik minta makan, yuk.
Thats the madam who closes to civilians. Lets ask her for a
meal.
statement itself, the implied meaning may be assumed as the speaker telling
the kids to vote. The message is delivered through literal and direct speech act.
Implicature appears as E does not give a relevant response to the previous
conditionthus violating maxim of relation.
The next data as presented in the following space can be analyzed as follows.
Title: Baju Sang Koruptor The Costume of The Corrupts
Pailul : Bagikan busana ini kepada para Nayapraja yang naik pangkat jadi
terdakwa demi peningkatan budaya kapok.
Distribute these clothing to those Nayapraja who has been moved up as
the accused to give and raise a learning leasson.
(1) Pailul
5. Conclusion
Conclusively, the comic Panji Koming mainly uses implied messages by
means of direct speech. Nearly all of the analyzed data, the utterances used to
convey meaning is articulated through direct speech act. This can be assumed as
the comic is deliberately aimed at carrying political nuance. By using this direct
speech it is possible that the message within the comic is meant to be one form of
satire to give a protest to the government and can be seen by the public. The satire
posits in the using of nonliteral form, although some of the speech act is delivered
through a literal speech act. The employment of forms like implicature in nearly
all the dialogues in the comic shows that such a mode is frequently used in critics,
protests, satires, and giving advice (Wijana, 2001).
Bibliography