Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

Homework #1
Due Th. 9/06
1. (Hambley P1.13)
The current through a given circuit element is given by i(t) = 10 sin(200t)A in which t is in
seconds and the angle is in radians.
(a) Sketch i(t) to scale versus time for t ranging from 0 to 15 ms.
(b) Determine the net charge that passes through the element between t = 0 and t = 10 ms.
(c) Repeat for the interval from t = 0 to t = 15 ms.
Solution
10

(a)

i(t) [A]

10

10

15

time [msec]

(b)
Z
Q=

t2

i(t)dt
t1
Z 0.01

10
[cos(200t)]00.01
200
0
10
10
[cos(2) cos(0)] =
[1 1] = 0 C
=
200
200
=

10 sin(200t)dt =

(c)
Z

0.015

10
[cos(200t)]0.15
0
200
0
1
1
1
=
[cos(3) cos(0)] =
[1 1] =
= 0.0318 C
20
20
10

Q=

10 sin(200t)dt =

2. (Hambley P1.18)
We have a circuit element with terminals a and b. Furthermore, the element has vab = 5V
and iab = 2A.
(a) Over a period of 10 seconds, how much charge moves through the element?
(b) If electrons carry the charge, which terminal do they enter?
(c) How much energy is transfered?
(d) Is it delivered to the element or taken from it?
Solution
(a)
Q = I time = 2 10 = 20 C
1

Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

(b) Since iab is positive, positive charge flows from terminal a to b. However, electrons are
the charge carrier and they will flow the opposite direction and instead enter terminal b.
(c)
w = Q V = 20 5 = 100 J
(d) Since iab is positive, current flows from terminal a to b. Given the voltage across the
terminals, vab , is positive, terminal a is the positive polarity which means this is in
passive reference configuration. Since energy is positive, energy is absorbed by the
element (energy is delivered to the element).
3. (Hambley P1.25)
The element shown in Figure P1.25 has v(t) = 10 V, and i(t) = 3et A.
(a) Compute the power for the circuit element.
(b) Find the energy transferred between t = 0 and t = .
(c) Is this energy absorbed or supplied by the element?
Solution
(a) Notice the circuit is not in passive reference configuration.
p(t) = v(t)i(t) = 10 3et = 30et W
(b)
Z

t2

w=

p(t)dt
Zt1

=
0

 
30et dt = 30 et 0 = 30[0 1] = 30 J

(c) Since the energy is negative, the energy is supplied by the element.
4. (Hambley P1.26)
The current and voltage of an electrical device are iab (t) = 5A. and vab = 10 sin(200t)V in
which the angle is in radians.
(a) Find the power delivered to the device and sketch it to scale vs. time for t [0, 15] ms.
(b) Determine the energy delivered to the device for the interval 0 t 2.5 ms.
(c) Repeat for the interval 0 t 10 ms.
Solution
3W

2A
+
v(t)

3A

5W

i(t)

iR

v1

Figure P1.25

15 V 6 W

Figure P1.66

12 W

i1

i2
2W

Figure P1.68
2

Vx

Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

(a) p(t) = vab iab = 50 sin(200t) W

p(t) [W]

50

50

10

15

time [msec]

(b)
Z

0.0025

50
[cos(200t)]0.0025
0
200
0
1
1
1
= [cos(/2) cos(0)] =
[0 1] =
= 0.0796 J
4
20
4
50 sin(200t)dt =

w=

(c)
Z

0.01

50
[cos(200t)]0.01
0
200
0
1
1
= [cos(2) cos(0)] = [1 1] = 0 J
4
4

w=

50 sin(200t)dt =

5. (Hambley P1.66)
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.66
(a) Find the current iR flowing through the resistor.
(b) Find the power for each element in the circuit.
(c) Which elements are absorbing energy?
Solution
(a) Since this is a parallel connection, the voltage across the current source and resitor are
15 V. The current flowing through the resistor is
iR =

vR
15
=
= 3 A.
R
5

(b) Applying KCL at the bottom node, the current flowing into the voltage source is the
sum of current from the current source and from resistor which is 6 A. The power can
be computed for each element as
pvs = vi = 15 6 = 90 W
pcs = vi = 15 3 = 45 W
pR = vi = 15 3 = 45 W
(c) Energy is absorbed by elements with positive power. Therefore energy is absorbed by
the current source and resistor and supplied by the voltage source.
6. (Hambley P1.68)
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.68
3

Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

is
i6
vy

+ 8W
vx
i8

+
3W

+ vx

ix

10 V vx ix
vy
+
Rx

16 V

iy

2W
i12

12 W

6W

avx
a = 3 V/V

2A
Figure P1.72

Figure P1.74

(a) Which elements are in series?

(b) Which elements are in parallel?
(c) Apply Ohms and Kirchoffs laws to solve for Vx .
Solution
(a) The 3 W resistor, voltage source Vx , and 2 W are in series.

(b) The 6 W and 12 W resistors are in parallel.

(c) Using Ohms Law the voltage across the parallel resistors is caluclated as
v1 = iR = (2)(6) = 12 V.
This voltage can be use to find the current through the 12 W resistor
i1 =

v1
12
=
= 1 A.
R
12

The current through the voltage source is found by applying KCL at the bottom node
of the parallel resistors
i2 = 2A + i1 = 3 A.
Finally using KVL around the right hand loop Vx can be calculated as
Vx 3i2 v1 2i2
Vx = 3(3) + 12 + 2(3) = 9 + 12 + 6 = 27 V
7. (Hambley P1.72)
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.72
a
vab

R1

I2

R
isc

+ vx

R2
Vs

I1

ix

avx

b
Figure T1.3

Figure T1.5
4

a = 0.3 S

Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

(a) Which elements are in series?

(b) Which elements are in parallel?
(c) Apply Ohms and Kirchoffs laws to solve for Rx .
Solution
(a) There are no elements in series.
(b) Notice the wire connecting the top and bottom nodes of the diamond. This connection
causes the 8 W resistor and Rx to be in parallel and the 6 W and 3 W resistors to be in
another parallel connection.
(c) Since there are parallel elements, the voltages across them are the same.
vy = iR = (2)(3) = 6 V
i6 = vy /R6 = 6/6 = 1 A
Using KVL around the top loop
vx = 10 vy = 10 6 = 4 V
i8 = vx /R8 = 4/8 = 0.5 A
Using KCL at the top node
is = i6 i8 = 1 0.5 = 0.5 A
Using KCL at the bottom node
ix = 2 + is = 2.5 A

Rx = vx /ix = 4/2.5 = 8/5 = 1.6 W

8. (Hambley P1.74)
What type of controlled source appears in the circuit of Figure P1.74? Determine the values
of vx and iy .
Solution
The circuit has a voltage-controlled voltage source. Applying KVL around the entire circuit
gives
16 vx avx = 0
vx =

16
16
=
= 4 V.
1+a
1+3

The current down through the 12 W resister is found using Ohms Law as
i12 =

v
3vx
3(4)
=
=
= 1A
R
12
12

Similarly application of Ohms Law across the vx resistor gives

ix =

vx
4
= = 2 A.
2
2

Finally iy is found by applying KCL at the top node

iy = ix i12 = 2 1 = 1 A.
5

Fundamentals of ECE

EE292: Fall 12

9. (Hambley T1.3)
The circuit of Figure T1.3 has I1 = 3A, I2 = 1A, R1 = 12, and R2 = 6.
(a) Determine the value of vab .
(b) Determine the power for each current source and state whether it is absorbing energy
or delivering it?
(c) Compute the power absorbed by R1 and by R2 .
Solution
(a) Applying KCL at the node a and defining the currents throught the resistances leaving,
I1 +

vab vab
+
= I2
R1
R2

Solving for vab ,


vab = (I2 I1 )

R1 R2
R1 + R2


= (1 3)

(12)(6)
12 + 6


=

(2)(72)
= 8 V
18

(b) The power for each source is

pI1 = I1 vab = (3)(8) = 24 W

Energy supplied

pI2 = I2 vab = (1)(8) = 8 W

Energy aborbed

(c) The power absorbed by each resistor is

2
vab
16
64
=
W
=
R1
12
3
v2
64
32
= ab =
=
W
R2
6
3

pR1 =
pR2

Notice that the power supplied by I1 is equal to the amount aborbed by the resistors
and I2 .
10. (Hambley T1.5)
We are given Vs = 15V, R = 10, and a = 0.3S = 0.31 for the circuit of Figure T1.5. Find
the value of the current isc flowing through the short circuit.
Solution
Since both ends of the current source are connected by a wire, there is no voltage drop across
it and KVL around the left loop results in
vx = Vs = 15 V.
Using Ohms Law
15
vx
=
= 1.5 A.
R
10
Finally, using KCL at the top node results in
ix =

isc = ix avx = 1.5 0.3(15) = 1.5 4.5 = 3 A.