DRA.

EVA AIDA PONCE VEGA

TOPOGRAFA
INGLS TCNICO II

SESIN
N 11

1. Geologist
Scientist who study forces that make and shape th planet. they study the chemical and physical
properties of rock.
2. Geology
Study of the earth
3. Topography
Shape of the land caused by weathering, erosion, and depositing sediment
4. Topographic map
Shows the shape of the land using contour lines that connect points of the same elevation
5. Lithosphere
Greek word meaning stone, made of crust and top portion of the mantle
6. Asthenosphere
Greek word meaning weak, soft layer just below the lithosphere
7. Crust
Layer of rock that forms earths outer skin. made up of rocks and mountains and the ocean floor
8. Mantle
Layer of hot rock below the crust, middle layer of the earth
9. Outer core
Layer of molten metal, iron and nickel, surrounds inner core and behaves like a thick liquid
10. Inner core
Dense ball of solid metal iron and nickel
11. Pangaea
Super continent, all continents connected
12. Conduction
Heat transfer through solids

DRA. EVA AIDA PONCE VEGA

TOPOGRAFA
INGLS TCNICO II

SESIN
N 11

13. Convection
Heat transfer through liquids and gases
14. Convection currents
Up and down movements of liquids and gases caused by heat transfer
15. Radiation
Heat transfer through space
16. Faults
Breaks in earths crust where rocks have slipped past each other, form along plate boundaries
17. Divergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
18. Convergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
19. Transform boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
20. Continental drift
Theory stating that the tectonic plates carry lighter continental material along on top of them as
they move, thus changing the relative positions of continents
21. Seafloor spreading
The process that creates new sea floor
22. Tectonic plates
A section of earths crust which moves as a unit
23. Plate tectonics
The theory of the earth structure which states that the crust of the earth is made of 20 or more
basalt plates which move due to convection currents
24. Basalt
Rock with little gas that does not explode
25. Plate boundary
Lines where the edges of different pieces of teh lithosphere meet
26. Earthquake
Shifting of earths plates causing shaking and trembling

DRA. EVA AIDA PONCE VEGA

TOPOGRAFA
INGLS TCNICO II

SESIN
N 11

27. Epicenter
The area (plates) directly above where the earthquake will occur
28. Seismologist
A scientist who studies earthquakes
29. Seismograph
Instrument that records ground motion
30. Seismogram
A chart showing the shaking of the ground
31. Tsunami
Great destructive waves caused by volcanic or earthquake activity under the ocean
32. Erosion
Process where rock and soil are broken or loosened from the earth surface and move from
place to place
33. Volcano
Mountain made by eruption of lava and ash
34. Lava
Melted rock coming out of a volcano
35. Vent
An opening in a volcano where steam, lava, gas or rocks pour out
36. Andesite
Gaseous explosive volcanic rock
37. Granite
A very hard rock made of magma that never comes to the surface, but instead cools slowly in
the earths crust
38. Crater
Bowl shaped pit on top of a volcano
39. Caldera
An extra-large crater made when a volcano blows its top or collapses into an empty magna
chamber

DRA. EVA AIDA PONCE VEGA

TOPOGRAFA
INGLS TCNICO II

SESIN
N 11

40. Ring of fire

Area around the Pacific Ocean where most plate movement occurs
41. Marianas trench
A super deep trench in the floor of the Pacific Ocean
42. Trench
An extra deep section of the ocean-long and narrow
43. Vent
An opening in a volcano where steam, lava, gas or rocks pour out
44. Geyser
A column of stream and/or water that gushes into air causing underground heat and bringing
underground water to a boil
45. Shield volcano
Gently sloping sides, volcano cone made by layers of basalt lava
46. Cinder cone volcano
Volcanic cone made of andesite cinders. often steep sloping sides
47. Composit volcano
Volcanic cone made of layers of cinders alternating with layers of hardened lava
48. Dome volcanos
Small volcanos that form inside other kinds of volcanos

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oxford. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (2000). United Kingdom. Oxford University
Press.