College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

1st/8/2014

Aim: Determination of pH (Potential of hydrogen), EC (Electric Conductivity), Turbidity, and

DO (Dissolved Oxygen) of the samples provided (Coke, Rainwater, Stream Water, Pond Water)
1.pH (Potential of Hydrogen)
Aim: To determine the pH value of the samples provided.
Apparatus and Reagents
Apparatus : Volumetric flask ,100mL Beaker; 100 or 200mL
Washing bottle
Tissue paper
pH meter
Reagents: Buffer reagent tablets for pH4, pH7, pH9
Procedure
1. According to the instruction of the reagent for pH buffer solution, dissolve a reagent in water
and dilute to 100mL in a volumetric flask, then prepare the buffer solution; pH 4, 7, 9.
2. Do the calibration of pH meter
i. Switch on. Select pH calibration mode (CAL), and select auto calibration mode (Auto).
ii. Dip the electrode and temperature probe into pH7 buffer solution (Buf 1).
iii. Press Enter key. Display blinks. When mV gets stable, press Enter key.
iv. Dip the electrode and temp-probe into pH4 buffer solution (Buf 2).
(Or use pH9 buffer solution as Buf2 if sample may be alkali)
v. Press Enter key. Display blinks. When mV gets stable, press Enter key.
vi. Return to pH read mode.
3. Measure pH of sample
i. Immerse the electrode and temperature probe into water.
ii. Select pH read mode.
iii. Take the electrode and temp-probe out of water,
iv. Rinse the tip of the electrode and temp-probe, wipe them by soft paper,
v. Then immerse them into the sample, and stir gently.
vi. Wait a couple of minutes until pH value gets stable.
vii. Then, record pH value and water temperature.
viii. After measuring, take the electrode and temp-probe out of the sample.
ix. Rinse the tip of the electrode and temp-probe,
x. Then immerse them into distilled water.
pH

water

Sample

College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

1st/8/2014

Observation Table
S.I No.
1
4
2
3

Sample
Coke
Pond Water
Rain Water
Stream Water

pH Value
2.63
5.15
5.7
6.79

[H+]

Inference

2.34*10-03
7.08*10-06
2.00*10-06
1.62*10-07

Acidic
Mildly Acidic
Mildly Acidic
Neutral

Conclusion:
Coke is highly acidic since it contains carbonic acid and stream water is almost neutral.
Pond water and rain water are also mildly acidic may be due to acid rain formation.

2. EC (Electric Conductivity)
Aim: To determine EC (Electric conductivity) of the samples provided.
Apparatus:
Apparatus : Beaker; 100 or 200mL
Washing bottle
Tissue paper
EC meter
Procedure:
1. Switch on.
2. Make the sample be stable at 25.
3. Rinse the electrode and temperature probe, wipe them by soft paper.
4. Then, immerse them into the sample, and stir gently.
5. Record value of EC
6. Take the electrode and temp-probe, rinse them with water, and wipe them by soft paper.
Observation Table:
S.I No.
1
4
2
3

Sample
Coke
Pond Water
Rain Water
Stream Water

EC at 25oC (s)
0.288
50.3
6.54
71.9

Conclusion:
Coke conducts electricity more than other water samples because coke contains hydro-carbonic
ions whereas in case of the stream water (neutral) electricity is not conducted because there is
no free ions to conduct electric charges.

College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

1st/8/2014

3. Turbidity Test
Aim: To determine turbidity of the samples provided using Nephalometer Turbidity meter.

Apparatus and Reagents:

Apparatus : Beaker; 100 or 200mL
Volumetric flask ; 100mL
Balance
Volumetric pipette ; 5mL & 25mL Turbidity meter (Nephelometer)
Reagents: Hydrazine sulphate; (NH2)2-H2SO4 Hexamine
Procedure:
<Preparation of reagents>
1. Dissolve 1.00 g hydrazine sulphate in water and dilute to 100mL in a volumetric flask.
2. Dissolve 10.00 g hexamine in water and dilute to 100mL in a volumetric flask.
3. In a clean dry 100mL volumetric flask, mix 5.0mL of Hydrazine sulphate solution(A) with
5.0mL of Hexamine solution(B).
4. Allow to stand 24 hours at 25 3C, then dilute to 100mL and mix well.
5. Keep this solution as the stock formazine turbidity suspension (400NTU)
6. Take 25mL of the stock formazin turbidity suspension (400NTU) by the pipette and dilute to
100mL in a volumetric flask in order to prepare 100NTU standard solution for test.
<Calibration and Measurement>
Do the calibration of Turbidity meter
i. Switch on. Insert a test tube filled with distilled water into the sample compartment.
ii. Push the button of range to select 100 (= range: 0 to 100NTU)
iii. Get 0 displayed on the readout by adjusting the knob SET 0.
iv. Take out the test tube filled with distilled water.
v. Insert the test tube filled with 100NTU standard solution.
vi. Get 100 displayed on the readout by adjusting the knob SET 100.
vii. Repeat operation of i to vi to get consistent values of 0 to 100 within 1 to 2%.
Measure NTU of sample
i. Insert the test tube filled with sample.
ii. Read and record value (NTU) on the READOUT.
iii. If the value is more than 100, dilute sample by less 100 NTU to measure again.
Observation Table:
S.I
No.
1
4
2
3

Sample
Coke
Pond Water
Rain Water
Stream Water

Turbidity (NTU)
3
1
1
1

College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

1st/8/2014

Conclusion:
According to the observation table we can conclude that turbidity in coke is more than other
samples. This is because light transmitting through the coke sample is scattered due to the
suspended particles present in the coke. Whereas in case of the stream and pond water were
clean and suspended particles were less hence turbidity value is low.

4. DO (Dissolved oxygen)
Aim: To determine the dissolved oxygen in the samples provided using microprocessor DOmeter.
Apparatus and Reagents
Apparatus : Volumetric flask ; 100mL Beaker; 100 or 200mL
Washing bottle
Tissue paper DO meter
Stirrer and magnet Balance
Reagents: Sodium sulphite anhydrous; Na2SO3
Procedure
Dissolve 5g of Sodium sulfite anhydrous in water and dilute to 100mL in a volumetric flask
to make the standard solution : 5%- Na2SO3 solution for zero calibration.
Do the calibration of DO meter
i. Switch on. Select the mode TEMP by the MODE toggle switch.
The value of ambient room temperature in will be displayed on the READOUT.
ii. Adjust the TEMP. control to the value of the temperature displayed.
iii. Keep the Standard solution (5%- Na2SO3) filled flask on the platform of the stirrer.
iv. Dip the DO probe into the standard solution (fully immerse the membrane of the probe).
v. Stir continuously and slowly with the stirrer.
vi. Select the mode DO by the MODE toggle switch.
vii. Adjust ZERO control to display 0.00 on the READOUT.
viii. Raise the probe, clean the sensor part of the probe thoroughly with distilled water and
wipe it dry with tissue paper or filter paper.
ix. Adjust CAL control to display 10.0 on the READOUT.
x. Repeat operation of iv to ix three time.
Measure DO of sample
xi. Dip the DO probe into sample (fully immerse the membrane of the probe).
xii. Stir continuously and slowly with the stirrer.
xiii. Read and record value (mg/L) on the READOUT.
Observation Table:
S.I No.
1
4
2

Sample
Coke
Pond Water
Rain Water

DO conc. (ppm)
5.8
2.5
7.3

College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

Stream Water

1st/8/2014

12.4

Conclusion:
DO meter reading concludes that stream water contains more dissolved oxygen than other
samples this concludes that pond water and rain water contains organic matter that is using
dissolved oxygen and moreover coke contains dissolved carbon-dioxide whereby dissolved
oxygen is in low concentration.

Final Result of Lab Practical-1:

S.I No.

Sample

pH Value

EC at 25oC (s)

DO conc. (ppm)

Turbidity (NTU)

Coke

2.63

0.288

5.8

Pond Water

5.15

50.3

2.5

Rain Water

5.7

6.54

7.3

Stream Water

6.79

71.9

12.4

College of Science and Technology

EVE Practical Report-1

1st/8/2014

Comments and Impression:

Sanjit EDC2011041:
pH Test:
In pH test calibration is very important, we calibrated the microprocessor pH meter for chemicals
having pH value of 4, 7 and 9; whereby the pH of the samples were interpreted based upon the
interpolation method. The pH value of coke kept on changing when we kept on shaking this may
be because of the emission of dissolved carbon-dioxide.
From my view point I think the standard samples must be prepared carefully and number of
standard sample should be more than three to get more accurate pH value of the sample test.
EC Test:
The experiment was very simple and effective using microprocessor Electric Conductivity
apparatus. It is useful test to find the electric properties of the sample based upon the
temperature. For our lab test we did at 250C calibrated temperature.
Turbidity Test:
It was natural that coke will have higher turbidity since we can physically observe that using our
eye sight. But then by using the Nephalometer, we can find the exact turbidity amount interms of
NTU (Nephalometric Turbidity Unit). Firstly it was important to calibrate the instrument with
known sample, i.e. distilled water with 0.0 NTU and Hydrazine sulphate solution with 100NTU.
Types:
1. Transmitted 2. Scattered 3. Combination
4. Integrated Sphere
From the above mentioned the one we used was turbidity instrument which is based on
measurement of transmitted and scattered light (i.e. combination).
DO meter test:
The apparatus was not properly oriented because of poor management and maintenances. Hence,
the reading is not very reliable. The main principle of the DO meter is based upon the velocity of
the water transmission through the membrane, i.e. more the velocity higher is the DO
concentration. From our test data I found that stream water has high DO concentration which
means aquatic organism can survive well in stream water rather than in coke solution. The DO
meter gives negative value and then increases to positive value till the maximum value, so it is
very time consuming test. This may be because of the fault in the DO meter.