Design of closed loop controlled ac voltage regulator using TRIAC

Aim:
To generate a variable ac voltage supply using 1 phase ac voltage regulator. The output
voltage of the regulator is varied by varying the firing angle given to the thyristor.
Operation:
AC voltage controllers (ac line voltage controllers) are employed to vary the RMS value
of the alternating voltage applied to a load circuit by introducing Thyristors between the load and
a constant voltage ac source. The RMS value of alternating voltage applied to a load circuit is
controlled by controlling the triggering angle of the Thyristors in the ac voltage controller
circuits.
There are two different types of thyristor control used in practice to control the ac power flow:
1)

Phase control

2)

On-Off control

These are the two ac output voltage control techniques.

In On-Off control technique Thyristors are used as switches to connect the load circuit to the ac
supply (source) for a few cycles of the input ac supply and then to disconnect it for few input
cycles. The Thyristors thus act as a high speed contactor (or high speed ac switch).
The user will select the voltage that is required by using a potentiometer. Now the
potentiometer gives the signal to the adc. And the adc will convert the analog data in to digital
and will give it to the controller. Now the controller will generate the gate pulse for all the scrs.
the output dc voltage is again measured by the adc. This will make the controller to decide
whether the voltage is equal to the selected voltage or not. If it is not equal then it will vary the
firing angle of thyristors until we get the same voltage as selected. Controller will display the

rms value of the output voltage on the display. This will make the user to read the output voltge
directly on the lcd.
Advantages:
1) Accurate value of the output voltage will be obtained
2) Designing of the closed loop system will make the voltage constant which will not vary
with increase or decrease in the load.
3) Power loss in the converter is very less than the rheostat method.
Applications:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Lighting / Illumination control in ac power circuits.

Induction heating.
Industrial heating & Domestic heating.
Transformers tap changing (on load transformer tap changing).
Speed control of induction motors (single phase and poly phase ac induction motor control).
AC magnet controls.

SOFTWARE TOOLS USED:

1. Embedded C programming language
2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller
3. PROLOAD for dumping
4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram
HARDWARE USED:
1. AT89s52 Micro Controller
2. Power supply
3. LCD Display
4. Triac, ADC0808, potential transformer.
Block diagram: