SOLVING SYSTEM OF

EQUATION

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

Be able to solve the system of linear equations

using:
Inverse matrix
Cramers Rule
Gaussian Elimination Method
(Reduced Row Echelon Form)

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

System of Linear Equations

1. Two variables system of linear equations

2. Three variables system of linear equations

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

Types of solutions.
1. Unique solution
2. Infinitely many solutions
Graphically, when the lines representing
the equations overlap each other
By solving, we obtained an identity 0 = 0
3. No solution
Graphically, when the lines representing
the equations are parallel to each other.
By solving, we obtained a false statement ,
0=4
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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

MATRIX
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers
written within brackets.
Column

Row

3 by 3 matrix

Each number
in the matrix is called an
element of the matrix.
is the row index and is the column index
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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

SQUARE MATRIX
A matrix A with n rows and n columns is called
a square matrix.
i.e : number of columns = number of rows
Eg : 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 4 x 4
ZERO MATRIX
The matrix with all entries 0.

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

ADDITION & SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES

If A and B are two matrices of the same size,
then the sum A+B is obtained by adding the
corresponding entries in the two matrices

Note :
A+B=B+A
Subtraction of matrix is the same as Addition

Note :
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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

SCALAR MATRIX
If any matrix is multiplied with any scalar c,
then the product cA is the matrix obtained
by multiplying each entry of A by c.

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

PROPERTIES OF MATRICES
Suppose A, B and C are m by n matrices.

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

MULTIPLICATION
If A is a m x r matrix and B is r x n matrix,
then the product AB is the m x n matrix.

m by r

r by n
Must be the same
for AB to be defined

AB is m by n
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NOTE : Before multiplying any matrices,

always check
Column of A = row of B
If this is not satisfied, then A x B is undefined.

Example : MULTIPLYING TWO MATRICES

2x3

3x2

Col A = Row B
2x2

Note :
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IDENTITY MATRIX

An n x n square matrix whose diagonal

entries are 1s, while all others are 0s, is
called the identity matrix
.

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

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PROPERTY
If A is a n by n square matrix, then

Example :

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WS Chapter 5 System of Equations

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INVERSE OF A MATRIX
Let A be a square n x n matrix.
If there exists an n x n matrix
with the
property that

Then we say that

is the inverse of A .

INVERSE OF 2 x 2 MATRIX

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Example : Let
SOLUTION

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FINDING THE INVERSE OF MATRIX A

The Procedure :
Step 1 : Form the augmented matrix
Step 2 : Transform
echelon form

into reduced

Step 3 : The reduced echelon form of

will contain on the left bar of the
vertical bar ; the n by n matrix on
the right is the

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Example : The matrix

SOLUTION

is non singular. Find its inverse.

Step 1 : Form the augmented matrix

Then we use the row operations to transform

to the echelon form

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The right half is now

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SOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS BY

USING INVERSE MATRIX
Example

Solve the system of equations

SOLUTION

The above system is equivalent to the matrix

equation

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We solve this matrix equation by multiplying

each side by the inverse of A
Multiply both sides
with

Associative property
Property of inverses
Property of identity matrix

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In the previous example (refer slide 19),

we showed that

Thus,

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Lets practice.
Solve each system of equations using the
inverse matrix.
1.

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1.

2.

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