Beruflich Dokumente
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ROBOTIC VEHICLE
INTRODUCTION
GSM and GPRS based Designs have developed another
innovative and Public utility product for mass communication
[1]. This is a Robot Control Device which control the Robot
through messages received as SMS or GPRS Packets and also
send acknowledgement of task. Such Devices can be used at
different areas of the human being life. Such offices, houses,
factories etc. Sent command from Mobiles or PCs to these
devices for move the motor left, right, stop. These devices are
designed to remotely control the Robot from anywhere and
anytime. Wireless communication has announced its arrival on
big stage and the world is going mobile [2]. We want to control
everything and without moving an inch. This remote control
Robot Control device is possible through Embedded Systems.
The use of Embedded System in Communication has given
rise to many interesting applications that ensures comfort and
safety to human life [3]. The main aim of the project will be to
design a SMS electronic Robot Control toolkit which can
replace the traditional Robot Control Devices. The toolkit
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receives
the
SMS,
validates
the
sending
Mobile
1.2 METHODOLOGY
The method used to carry out this project is the principle of
serial communication in collaboration with embedded systems.
This is a very good project for Industries. This project has a
Robot Control, which will be used as the electronic device, and
also a GSM modem, which is the latest technology used for
communication between the mobile and the embedded devices.
System will work like when the user wants to on/off the
device; he has to send the message in his mobile defining the
messages and then the password of the system to the number
of the subscriber identity module (SIM) which is inserted in the
display system MODEM. Then, the MODEM connected to the
display system will receive the SMS, the microcontroller inside
the system is programmed in such a way that when the modem
receives any message the microcontroller will read the
message from serial headphone and verify for the password, if
the password is correct then it will start performing desire task.
Interfacing
the
programming
chip
with
the
personal computer
Interfacing
of
the
mobile
phone
with
the
programmable chip
BLOCK DIAGRAM
REGULATED POWER
SUPPLY
LCD
BUZZER
GSM
MODEM
89S
52
L293D
MOBILE
PHONES
DC
MOTORS
COMPONENT LIST
WIRELESS ROBOT CONTROL
Name
Capacity
Quantity
Code
Regulator
7805
U1
Regulator
7812
U3
Capacitor
1000f
C1
Capacitor
10f
C2
Ceramic Capacitor
22pf
C3,C4
Diode
D1,D2,D3,D4
Push Button
Mobile Phone
DC MOTOR
100rpm
LCD
16*2
40 Pin Base
U2
16 Pin Base
U4
8051(AT89S52)
L293D
Oscillator
11.0592mhz
LED
X1
D5
Resistance
220
R1
Resistance
1k
R3
Resistance
10k
R2
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STANDARD
MOBILE
TECHNO
PRIMARY
TELEPHONE
LOGY
MARKETS
SYSTEM
1981
NMT540
NORDIC
MOBILE ANALOG
TELEPHONY
1985
TACS
TOTAL
UE
ACCESS ANALOG
COMMUNUNICATION
UE
EUROPE,MIDDL
E EAST
EUROPE AND
CHINA
SYSTEM
1986
NMT900
NORDIC
MOBILE ANALOG
14
EUROPE,
TELEPHONY
1991
GSM
UE
MIDDLE EAST
WORLD-WIDE
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
1991
TDMA
TIME
DIVISION DIGITAL
AMERICA
MULTIPLE ACCESS
1993
CDMA
CODE
DIVISION DIGITAL
MULTIPLE ACCESS
NORTH
AMERICA,
KOREA
1992
GSM 1800
EUROPE
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
1994
PDC
PERSONAL
DIGITAL DIGITAL
JAPAN
CELLULAR
1995
2001
PCS 1900
GSM 800
PERSONAL
DIGITAL
NORTH
COMPUTER SERVICES
AMERICA
NORTH
MOBILE
AMERICA
COMMUNICATION
2006-TILL
DATE
GSM 450
15
WORLD-WIDE
16
detachable
smart
card
containing
the
user's
17
to
control
GENERATOR
changing
the
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19
HARDWARE DISCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY:
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical
power. A device or system that supplies electrical or
other types of energy to an output load or group of loads
is called a power supply unit or PSU. The term is most
commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less
often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.
TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from
one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors
the transformer's coils or "windings". Except for air-core
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22
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge
arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. This is a
widely used configuration, both with individual diodes
wired as shown and with single component bridges where
the diode bridge is wired internally.
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BASIC OPERATION
According to the conventional model of current flow
originally established by Benjamin Franklin and still
followed by most engineers today, current is assumed to
flow through electrical conductors from the positive to the
negative pole. In actuality, free electrons in a conductor
nearly always flow from the negative to the positive pole.
In the vast majority of applications, however, the actual
direction of current flow is irrelevant. Therefore, in the
discussion below the conventional model is retained.
In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the
left corner of the diamond is positive, and the input
connected to the right corner is negative, current flows
from the upper supply terminal to the right along the red
(positive) path to the output, and returns to the lower
supply terminal via the blue (negative) path.
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In each case, the upper right output remains positive and lower
right output negative. Since this is true whether the input is AC
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about
containing
the
1950,
four
single
diodes
four-terminal
connected
in
component
the
bridge
OUTPUT SMOOTHING
For many applications, especially with single phase AC where
the full-wave bridge serves to convert an AC input into a DC
output, the addition of a capacitor may be desired because
the bridge alone supplies an output of fixed polarity but
27
continuously
varying
or "pulsating"
magnitude
(see
diagram above).
28
30
REGULATOR IC (78XX)
regulators
2.
-ve
voltage
regulators
POSITIVE
33
35
36
38
40
41
4
2
44
DIODE
The diode is a p-n junction device. Diode is the
component used to control the flow of the current in any
one direction. The diode widely works in forward bias.
APPLICATION
Diodes: Rectification, free-wheeling, etc
Zener diode: Voltage control, regulator etc.
45
RESISTORS
The flow of charge through any material encounters an
opposing force similar in many respects to mechanical friction
.this opposing force is called resistance of the material .in some
electric circuit resistance is deliberately introduced in form of
resistor. Resistor used fall in three categories , only two of which
are color coded which are metal film and carbon film resistor .the
third category is the wire wound type ,where value are generally
printed on the vitreous paint finish of the component. Resistors
are in ohms and are represented in Greek letter omega, looks as
an upturned horseshoe. Most electronic circuit require resistors to
make them work properly and it is obliviously important to find out
something about the different types of resistors available.
Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega
ohm. 1 ohm is quite small for electronics so resistances are often
given in kohm and Mohm.
46
FUNCTION
Resistor restrict the flow of electric current, for example a
resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode(LED)
to limit the current passing through the LED.
TYPES OF RESISTORS
FIXED VALUE RESISTORS
It includes two types of resistors as carbon film and metal film
47
48
TESTING
Resistors are checked with an ohm meter/millimeter. For a
defective resistor the ohm-meter shows infinite high reading.
CAPACITORS
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although they work
in completely different ways, capacitors and batteries both store
electrical energy. If you have read How Batteries Work ,
49
then you know that a battery has two terminals. Inside the
battery, chemical reactions produce electrons on one
terminal and absorb electrons at the other terminal.
BASIC
Like a battery, a capacitor has two terminals. Inside the
capacitor, the terminals connect to two metal plates
separated by a dielectric. The dielectric can be air, paper,
plastic or anything else that does not conduct electricity
and keeps the plates from touching each other. You can
easily make a capacitor from two pieces of aluminum foil
and a piece of paper. It won't be a particularly good
capacitor in terms of its storage capacity, but it will work.
In an electronic circuit, a capacitor is shown like this:
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TESTING
To test the capacitors, either analog meters or specia
l digital meters with the specified function are used. The nonelectrolyte capacitor can be tested by using the digital meter.
Multi meter mode : Continuity Positive probe : One end
Negative probe :
: Faulty OK
5
1
LED
LED falls within the family of P-N junction devices. The light
emitting diode (LED) is a diode that will give off visible light when
it is energized. In any forward biased P-N junction there is, with in
the structure and primarily close to the junction, a recombination
of hole and electrons. This recombination requires that the energy
possessed by the unbound free electron be transferred to another
state. The process of giving off light by applying an electrical
source is called electroluminescence.
condition. The LEDs are available in the round shell and also
in the flat shells. The positive leg is longer than negative leg.
DC MOTOR
DC Motor has two leads. It has bidirectional motion
If we apply +ve to one lead and ground to another
motor will rotate in one direction, if we reverse the
connection the motor will rotate in opposite direction.
H-BRIDGE
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Conclusion
The prototype of the GSM based Generator Control device was
efficiently designed. This prototype has facilities to be integrated
with a Generator thus making it truly mobile. The toolkit accepts
the SMS, stores it, validates it and perform specific operations.
The SMS is deleted from the phone each time it is read, thus
making room for the next SMS.
Problem Encountered
TROUBLESHOOT
Future Improvement