What is H-Bridge

An H bridge is an electronic circuit that

enables a voltage to be applied across a load
in either direction. These circuits are often
used in robotics and other applications to
allow DC motors to run forwards and
backwards. H bridges are available as
integrated circuits, or can be built from
discrete components

Basic Circuit

High side

High side

low side

low side

Basic Working

Basic Working Braking

How to makeH-bridge

Using a simple switch(manual operation)

Using electro-mechaical Relays
Using BJTs
Using Mosfects

Electromechanical Relays

Used as a switch

Electromechaical Relays

Electromechaical Relays

Free Wheeling

Electromechanical Relay based Hbridge

Free wheeling diode

A flyback diode (sometimes called a snubber
diode, freewheeling diode, suppressor diode, or
catch diode) is a diode used to eliminate flyback,
which is the sudden voltage spike seen across an
inductive load when its supply voltage is suddenly
reduced or removed.
Flyback diodes are used whenever inductive
loads are switched off by silicon components: in
relay drivers, H-bridge motor drivers, and so on

Free wheeling diode

H

Free wheeling diode

H

Electromechanical Relay based Hbridge

Pros n Cons

Relay based circuit are cheaper

Easy to control
Can handle high current and voltage easily
Slow switching not suitable when using PWM
DE bouncing problems

Example :Relay (Panasonic)

Example :Relay (Panasonic)

Example :Relay (Panasonic)

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Can be used as switch

amplifiers ,oscillators

BJT H-bridge

Resistors used to limit current passing through base

e.g to prevent too much current from/to microcontroller pins

BJT H-bridge

R1

R2

R3

R4

GND

GND

GND

GND

Brake/off

GNG

GND

forward

GND

GND

reverse

Brake/off

GND

GND

Short
circuit

GND

GND

off

BJT H-bridge

forward

Reverse

GND

GND

off

GND

forwar
d

GND

Reverse

short

BJT H-bridge
Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

opt couplers or Buffer ICs can also be used to provide a high current to base. Opt couplers has
additional advantage of complete isolation of circuit . Power and Logics Ground can be kept
separated easily

How to select appropriate BJT for you

Second letter in transistors marking describes its primary use:
C - low and medium power LF transistor,
D - high power LF transistor,
F - low power HF transistor,
G - other transistors,
L - high power HF transistors,
P - photo transistor,
S - switch transistor,
U - high voltage transistor.
Examples
AC540 - germanium core, LF, low power,
AF125 - germanium core, HF, low power,
BC107 - silicon, LF, low power (0.3W),
BD675 - silicon, LF, high power (40W),
BF199 - silicon, HF (to 550 MHz),
BU208 - silicon (for voltages up to 700V),
BSY54 - silicon, switching transistor.
There is a possibility of a third letter (R and Q - microwave transistors, or X - switch transistor),
but these letters vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.The number following the letter is of
no importance to users.
American transistor manufacturers have different marks, with a 2N prefix followed by a number
(2N3055, for example). This mark is similar to diode marks, which have a 1N prefix (e.g.
1N4004).
Japanese bipolar transistor are prefixed with a: 2SA, 2SB, 2SC or 2SD, and FET-s with 3S:
2SA - PNP, HF transistors,
2SB - PNP, LF transistors,
2SC - NPN, HF transistors,
2SD - NPN, HF transistors

How to select appropriate BJT for you

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How to select appropriate BJT for you

Typical connection diagram for pnp and npn transistors

MOSFECTS

MOSFECTS

MOSFECTS

MOSFECTS

MOSFECTS

Choosing right MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

MOSFECT

H-bridge using Power Mosfect

Assignment
Construct physically an H-bridge circuit using
Relays<Powertransitor<Mosfect
On Vero boards or PCBs
5 members each group
Submit circuit along with report containing
circuit diagram and your calculations
Due date 25th April,2013