A.

INTRODUCTION
Genre which is the term used to refer to particular text-types, has two different kinds.
Furthermore, each kind of genre has different social function, different schematic/generic structure,
and different language features. Two different kinds of genres are Story Genre and Factual Genre.
Both of them have 16 text types in total. Story Genre distinguishes the 6 text types, meanwhile there
are 10 text types of Factual Genre.
Most of Story Genre has the same social function, it is to amuse/entertain the readers through the
story inside. Controversly, Factual Genre encourages to tell the readers more about information based
on the fact. Moreover, the readers are supposed to analyze and give their own mind. Due to each types
of text that are divided into Story and Factual Genre, some text types have a similarity. Then, they
could be a pair of genre. Those pairs of genres are: Narrative and Recount; Spoof and Anecdote;
News Story and News Items; Report and Description; Commentary and Review; Discussion and
Exposition; also Procedure and Explaination.
One of Factual Genres, that is going to be discussed in this paper is Procedure Text. In fact,
people can not get out of their daily activities. They have to do many things from morning to night.
Many activities that people usually do are going to school or work and then doing their own jobs.
Let take an example of how people usually go to school/campus/office. Do they drive a car? Or do
they ride their bike? The way people to operate and get in their own vehicles can be an example in
using procedure. When someone wants to drive a car, he/she must be able to turn the mechine on, etc.
Moreover, if the car get dirty, what equipments that he/she needed are. This is how the procedure
applied.
In this paper, procedure text is the topic. So that, this paper could show the readers about
procedure text in detail. Next, the readers will be able to define what procedure text is. Beside that, it
will also tells about the social function and the generic structure of procedure text, even its language
features. Finally, pay a deep attention to this paper with the topic discussed. This paper will be
benefit in guiding and understanding the procedure text more.

B. PROBLEMS FORMULA
1. What is the definition of procedure text due to its social function?
2. What are the schematic or the generic structures of procedure text?
3. What are the language features used in procedure text?
4. What are verbs and adverbs sometimes used in a procedure text?

Procedure Text TBI-3A | 1

C. EXPLANATION
1. The definition of procedure text due to its social function
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence
of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes or how something is
accomplished through a sequence of steps.1
Other definition:
A procedure is a specified series of actions or operations which have to be executed in the same
manner in order to always obtain the same result under the same circumstances (for example,
emergency procedures). Less precisely speaking, this word can indicate a sequence of tasks, steps,
decisions, calculations and processes, that when undertaken in the sequence laid down produces the
described result, product or outcome. A procedure usually induces a change. It is in the scientific
method.

2. The schematic or the generic structures of procedure text

The generic structures of procedure text are:

a. Goal/Aim (or title)

b. Materials or Ingredients (not required for all procedural texts)
c. Steps 1-n (the actions that must be taken)
3. The language features used in procedure text

In the Procedure Text, we use SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:

a. Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, dont mix)
b. Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
c. Use of connectives (e.g.: first, then, finally)
d. Use of adverbial phrases (e.g.: for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

Use mainly temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence), such as first, second,
then, next, finally, etc.

Use of material processes.

Focus on generalized human agents.

4. Verbs and adverbs sometimes used in a procedure text

Verbs:

Mix

Cut

Tie

Join

Lift

Drill

Rub

Overlap

Add

Glue

Nail

Hold

Fold

Pour

Squeeze

Take

Measure
Fill and Siti Musarokah,
Turn Writing 3,Put
Entika
Fani Prastikawati
(Semarang: IKIP PGRI Semarang, 2010), p.

31

Shake

Remove

Place

Connect
Procedure Text TBI-3A | 2

Adverbs:

Quickly

Slowly

Carefully

Gently

Accurately

Vigorously

Tightly

Firmly

Lightly

EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURE TEXT:

Example 1
Goal

: Playing the Hole Game

Materials

One marble per person

A hole in ground
A line (distance) to start from
Steps

a) First, you must dub (click marbles together)

b) Then, check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.
c) Next, you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the hole.
d) The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.
e) Then, the second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole of his of her
opponent.
f) The player whose marble is closest to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. If
successfully this player tries to flick his or her opponents marble into the hole. The person
flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.
Example 2
Goal

: How to charge hand phone battery2

Materials

a. Hand phone
b. Battery Charger
Steps

First, connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must
face upward.

Second, wait until the battery icon appears on the screen

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Procedure Text TBI-3A | 3

After that, charge battery approximately 3 hours until the battery icon indicates that the
battery is fully charged

And then, removed the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.

Example 3

How to make a sandwich (aim/goal)

You need (materials)
*

2 slices of bread

peanut butter

a banana

honey

What you should do are (steps)

*

Take two slices of bread

Spread peanut butter

Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices

Pour some honey over the bananas

Put the other slice of bread on top

Example 4
How to Make Ice Cream
You need these ingredients to make ice cream
2 cups milk (not skim) or cream
2 tablespoons sugar
1 teaspoon Vanilla extract (can substitute other flavoring.)
Several cups of Ice (the smaller the pieces, the better)
1 cup salt (rock salt is best, but table salt can also be used)

You need these supplies to make ice cream

Tub or large coffee can to hold salt and ice

Glass bowl or small coffee can

Electric mixer or whisk
Ice cream scoop
3

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 Storage container for freezer

Here are the instructions that you must follow to make ice cream:
1. Setting up the cooling apparatus. Stir ice and salt in the larger container. Double-check that the small
container will fit into the larger one even with the ice.
2. Combine the ingredients. Mix together the milk, sugar, and vanilla in the glass bowl. Then, set this
bowl in the tub filled with ice and rock salt, making sure that the salt water does not spill into the
bowl. Instead of a glass bowl and tub, you can also use a small coffee can inside a large coffee can.
3. Mix the ice cream. Mix the ingredients in the small container vigorously. The salty ice mixture will
cool the mixture down until it turns into ice cream. Mix very thoroughly. If you're using a whisk
instead of an electric mixer in your glass bowl, you'll have to stir very hard, or ice crystals will form
in the ice cream. If you are using the coffee can method, make sure both cans are well sealed, and then
roll and shake to mix the ice cream mixture. It should take about 10 to 15 minutes to stir the ice cream
using either method. Stir until it is free from ice crystals and is the right consistency.
4. Storage and serving. If you don't eat the ice cream right away, be sure to store it in the freezer so that
it doesn't melt.
D. CONCLUSION
Procedure text is a text to describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of steps.
There are 3 generic structures of procedure text, they are goal, materials or ingedients, and steps.
The language features used in Procedure Text are:

In the Procedure Text, we use SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:

a. Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, dont mix)
b. Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
c. Use of connectives (e.g.: first, then, finally)
d. Use of adverbial phrases (e.g.: for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

Use mainly temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence), such as first, second,
then, next, finally, etc.

Use of material processes.

Focus on generalized human agents.

E. CLOSING
At last, this is the paper that we made. In the arrangement of this paper, we realize that there are
many weaknesses and mistakes because our lack of knowledge and references. Therefore, we do
hope that the readers are able to give many beneficial critics and suggestions. So that, we can make
this paper better for the next opportunity. Hopefully, this paper will give you many advantages in
understanding and indicating procedure text, especially the generic structures or the ways how to
make a good procedure text are, starts from Goal/Aim, Ingredients/Tools, and Steps .
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