Human Genome

Genome Discovery

Anunnaki's Children

Cloning

Bibliography Links

To suppose that earth is the only populated world in infinite space is as absurd as to believe that
in an entire field sown with millet, only one grain will grow.
Metrodorus of Chios
4th century B.C.
The human genome is comprised of two sets of 23 chromosomes - 46 chromosomes in all. Each
parent contributes a set. About 97 percent of the genome consists of sequences that don't
code for proteins and have no known function. Within the rest of the genome are estimated
70,000 genes.

Introduction

A DNA molecule consists of a ladder, formed of sugars and phosphates, and four nucleotide
bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The genetic code is specified by
the order of the nucleotide bases, and each gene possesses a unique sequence of base pairs.
Scientists use these base sequences to locate the position of genes on chromosomes and to
construct a map of the entire human genome.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international research program designed to construct
detailed genetic and physical maps of the human genome, to determine the complete nucleotide
sequence of human DNA, to localize the estimated 50,000-100,000 genes within the human
genome, and to perform similar analyses on the genomes of several other organisms used
extensively in research laboratories as model systems. The scientific products of the HGP will
comprise a resource of detailed information about the structure, organization and function of
human DNA, information that constitutes the basic set of inherited "instructions" for the
development and functioning of a human being. Successfully accomplishing these ambitious
goals will demand the development of a variety of new technologies. It will also necessitate
advanced means of making the information widely available to scientists, physicians, and others
in order that the results may be rapidly used for the public good. Improved technology for
biomedical research will thus be another important product of the HGP. From the inception of the
HGP, it was clearly recognized that acquisition and use of such genetic knowledge would have
momentous implications for both individuals and society and would pose a number of policy
choices for public and professional deliberation. Analysis of the ethical, legal, and social
implications of genetic knowledge, and the development of policy options for public
consideration are therefore yet another major component of the human genome research effort.
The Human Genome project revealed that human beings have 30,000-40,000 genes. That number
is much lower than expected.
For example, fruit fly has 13,300 genes, roundworm - 18,300 genes, mustard weed - 25,700
genes.
According to genetic analysis, though, more than 98% of human DNA is identical to chimpanzee
DNA. In fact, chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than orangutans and gorillas.
"Humans are simply odd looking apes," psychologist Roger Fouts of Central Washington
University in Ellensburg, Washington, writes in his 1997 book, Next of Kin : My
Conversations With Chimpanzees.
"A traveler from an antique land... lives within us all," claims Sykes, a professor of genetics at
Oxford. This unique traveler is mitochondrial DNA, and, as this provocative account illustrates,
it can help scientists and archeologists piece together the history of the human race. Find out
more by reading this book:
The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry by Bryan Sykes.
Controversial Discoveries
A 3.5-million-year-old fossil, flat-faced human from Kenya - Kenyanthropus platy-ops, suggests
the human family tree is a lot more complicated than we knew.
Implication is clear: More than one species of pre-human was wandering around Africa a few

million years ago, and it's anyone's guess which of them evolved into human
race.
Fred Spoor, University College, London.
Several years ago, spearpoints and other tools of modern man were found under a layer of
volcanic ash. When Dr. McIntyre, a member of the U.S. Geological Survey, was invited to date
the overlying ash, the archaeologists thought it could be as old as 20,000 years old, pushing the
arrival of man in the New World back around 5,000 years. No one was prepared when uranium
series dating and fission tracking methods provided the astounding age of 250,000 years. Dr.
McIntyre shares what happened next: I thought, okay, we got something big here but I'm going to
stick with the dates. I didn't realize it was going to ruin my whole career.
The discovery of the connection between genetics and addiction has helped with recovery and
rehab treatment programs at facilities like Morningside Recovery rehab.
When the so-called "addiction genes" are found in a patient, Morningside can help patients avoid
the negative environmental factors which lead to addictive behavior.

TREE OF LIFE

Mesopotamian "Tree of Life"

The Olmec "Tree of Life" (Mesoamerican Cosmology).

The lineage founder, 2 Grass, is being born from a twisting World Tree. Detail from Selden
Codex page 2. Source: FAMSI

DNA - our modern "Tree of Life"

Related Links:

DNA Secrets
Human Origins

Mysterious origins of crop plants

Fuente Magna - American Rosetta Stone

Learn about Assyria (external link)

Evidence of An Ancient Migration to America From The Middle East (external link)

The Olmecs- An Asian-Hindu Connection?(external link)

Institute of Molecular Biotechnology

Sensational Human Genome Discovery

NOTE: The following text is Z. Sitchin Reprinted with permission.

The Case of Adam's Alien Genes
In whose image was The Adam the prototype of modern humans, Homo sapiens created?
The Bible asserts that the Elohim said: Let us fashion the Adam in our image and after our
likeness. But if one is to accept a tentative explanation for enigmatic genes that humans possess,

offered when the deciphering of the human genome was announced in mid-February, the feat
was decided upon by a group of bacteria!
Humbling was the prevalent adjective used by the scientific teams and the media to describe
the principal finding that the human genome contains not the anticipated 100,000 - 140,000
genes (the stretches of DNA that direct the production of amino-acids and proteins) but only
some 30,000+ -- little more than double the 13,601 genes of a fruit fly and barely fifty percent
more than the roundworms 19,098. What a comedown from the pinnacle of the genomic Tree of
Life!
Moreover, there was hardly any uniqueness to the human genes. They are comparative to not the
presumed 95 percent but to almost 99 percent of the chimpanzees, and 70 percent of the mouse.
Human genes, with the same functions, were found to be identical to genes of other vertebrates,
as well as invertebrates, plants, fungi, even yeast. The findings not only confirmed that there was
one source of DNA for all life on Earth, but also enabled the scientists to trace the evolutionary
process how more complex organisms evolved, genetically, from simpler ones, adopting at
each stage the genes of a lower life form to create a more complex higher life form culminating
with Homo sapiens.
The Head-scratching Discovery
It was here, in tracing the vertical evolutionary record contained in the human and the other
analyzed genomes, that the scientists ran into an enigma. The head-scratching discovery by the
public consortium, as Science termed it, was that the human genome contains 223 genes that do
not have the required predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree.
How did Man acquire such a bunch of enigmatic genes?
In the evolutionary progression from bacteria to invertebrates (such as the lineages of yeast,
worms, flies or mustard weed which have been deciphered) to vertebrates (mice, chimpanzees)
and finally modern humans, these 223 genes are completely missing in the invertebrate phase.
Therefore, the scientists can explain their presence in the human genome by a rather recent (in
evolutionary time scales) probable horizontal transfer from bacteria.
In other words: At a relatively recent time as Evolution goes, modern humans acquired an extra
223 genes not through gradual evolution, not vertically on the Tree of Life, but horizontally, as a
sideways insertion of genetic material from bacteria
An Immense Difference
Now, at first glance it would seem that 223 genes is no big deal. In fact, while every single gene
makes a great difference to every individual, 223 genes make an immense difference to a species
such as ours.
The human genome is made up of about three billion neucleotides (the letters A-C-G-T which
stand for the initials of the four nucleic acids that spell out all life on Earth); of them, just a little

more than one percent are grouped into functioning genes (each gene consists of thousands of
"letters"). The difference between one individual person and another amounts to about one
letter in a thousand in the DNA alphabet. The difference between Man and Chimpanzee is
less than one percent as genes go; and one percent of 30,000 genes is 300.
So, 223 genes is more than two thirds of the difference between me, you and a chimpanzee!
An analysis of the functions of these genes through the proteins that they spell out, conducted by
the Public Consortium team and published in the journal Nature, shows that they include not
only proteins involved in important physiological but also psychiatric functions. Moreover, they
are responsible for important neurological enzymes that stem only from the mitochondrial
portion of the DNA the so-called Eve DNA that humankind inherited only through the
mother-line, all the way back to a single Eve. That finding alone raises doubt regarding that the
"bacterial insertion" explanation.
A Shaky Theory
How sure are the scientists that such important and complex genes, such an immense human
advantage, was obtained by us --rather recently-- through the courtesy of infecting bacteria?
It is a jump that does not follow current evolutionary theories, said Steven Scherer, director of
mapping of the Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine.
We did not identify a strongly preferred bacterial source for the putative horizontally transferred
genes, states the report in Nature. The Public Consortium team, conducting a detailed search,
found that some 113 genes (out of the 223) are widespread among bacteria though they are
entirely absent even in invertebrates. An analysis of the proteins which the enigmatic genes
express showed that out of 35 identified, only ten had counterparts in vertebrates (ranging from
cows to rodents to fish); 25 of the 35 were unique to humans.
It is not clear whether the transfer was from bacteria to human or from human to bacteria,
Science quoted Robert Waterson, co-director of Washington Universitys Genome Sequencing
Center, as saying.
But if Man gave those genes to bacteria, where did Man acquire those genes to begin with?
The Role of the Anunnaki
Readers of my books must be smiling by now, for they know the answer.
They know that the biblical verses dealing with the fashioning of The Adam are condensed
renderings of much much more detailed Sumerian and Akkadian texts, found inscribed on clay
tablets, in which the role of the Elohim in Genesis is performed by the Anunnaki Those Who
From Heaven to Earth Came.

As detailed in my books, beginning with The 12th Planet (1976) and even more so in Genesis
Revisited and The Cosmic Code, the Anunnaki came to Earth some 450,000 years ago from the
planet Nibiru a member of our own solar system whose great orbit brings it to our part of the
heavens once every 3,600 years. They came here in need of gold, with which to protect their
dwindling atmosphere. Exhausted and in need of help in mining the gold, their chief scientist
Enki suggested that they use their genetic knowledge to create the needed Primitive Workers.
When the other leaders of the Anunnaki asked: How can you create a new being? He answered:
"The being that we need already exists;
all that we have to do is put our mark on it.
The time was some 300,000 years ago.
What he had in mind was to upgrade genetically the existing hominids, who were already on
Earth through Evolution, by adding some of the genes of the more advanced Anunnaki. That the
Anunnaki, who could already travel in space 450,000 years ago, possessed the genomic science
(whose threshold we have now reached) is clear not only from the actual texts but also from
numerous depictions in which the double-helix of the DNA is rendered as Entwined Serpents (a
symbol still used for medicine and healing) -- see illustration A below.
When the leaders of the Anunnaki approved the project (as echoed in the biblical Let us fashion
the Adam), Enki with the help of Ninharsag, the Chief Medical Officer of the Anunnaki,
embarked on a process of genetic engineering, by adding and combining genes of the Anunnaki
with those of the already-existing hominids.
When, after much trial and error breathtakingly described and recorded in antiquity, a perfect
model was attained, Ninharsag held him up and shouted: My hands have made it! An ancient
artist depicted the scene on a cylinder seal (illustration B).
And that, I suggest, is how we had come to possess the unique extra genes. It was in the image of
the Anunnaki, not of bacteria, that Adam and Eve were fashioned.
A Matter of Extreme Significance
Unless further scientific research can establish, beyond any doubt, that the only possible source
of the extra genes are indeed bacteria, and unless it is then also determined that the infection
(horizontal transfer) went from bacteria to Man and not from Man to bacteria, the only other
available solution will be that offered by the Sumerian texts millennia ago.
Until then, the enigmatic 223 alien genes will remain as an alternative and as a corroboration
by modern science of the Anunnaki and their genetic feats on Earth.
Zecharia Stichin
Z. Sitchin
Reprinted with permission.

The Case of the Genetically Modified Primate

"Ninharsag and her crew are closer to being vindicated as time passes, and soon your theories
will no longer be theories!"
So wrote to me a fan (Jack Byrd in Virginia) in a congratulatory letter accompanying a
newspaper clipping headlined "Genetically modified primate is world's first." It was the report
about the successful birth of ANDi ('inserted DNA' spelled backward), a baby rhesus monkey
"created" by a group of researchers at the Oregon Regional Primate Center, whose genetic
makeup was modified to include the genes from a jellyfish that make it glow in the dark.
Mice have been previously genetically modified for medical research. But because the rhesus
monkey is roughly 95 percent akin to humans genetically, "I think we are at an extraordinary
moment in the history of humans, " said the chief researcher Dr. Gerald Schatten.
I was of course pleased to be congratulated. Yet, I wrote back to my fan with thanks coupled with
an admonition. "While it is nice to get such reassuring compliments," I wrote to him, "I am
trying to get my fans to write about it to others, and first and foremost to the newspapers that
carried the reports. In this case, the Associated Press report stresses that it is the world's FIRST
genetically modified primate; what a Letter to the Editor should point out is that according to
Sumerian texts reported by Zecharia Sitchin in his books The 12th Planet and Genesis Revisited,
ADAM was the first genetically modified primate, some 300,000 years ago!"
The news about the genetically modified rhesus monkey was just one item in an avalanche of
reports on human genetics, cloning etc. in which the names of Enki and Ninharsag could well
replace the names of Dr. Schatten, Dr. Phyllis Leppert (and their other modern colleagues). So
please -- TELL IT TO THE NEWSPAPERS!
February 2001 Z. Sitchin
Z. Sitchin
Reprinted with permission
DNA Secrets

DNA analysis on Native Americans

Modern Genetic Research Confirming Cayces Story. This section adapted from Mound Builders:
Edgar Cayce's Forgotten Record of Ancient America by Gregory L. Little (August 2001).
DNA analysis on Native Americans began in the 1980s, but with rapid technological
improvements. research intensified in the early 1970s. Several teams of genetics researchers at
prominent American universities have been conducting numerous studies. Although results from
early studies showed the expected Siberian-Asia ancestry of the majority of modem Native
American tribes, things took an unexpected turn in 1997. At that point it was found that a small
percentage of modem Native Americans have an unusual type of DNA then known to exist out,
in a few locations in Europe and the Middle East. Subsequent research indicated that the
European DNA was no the result of genetic mixing after Columbus. In addition, the same DNA
was later found in the hone of an ancient American burial confirming that people carrying this
unique DNA had entered America in ancient times. However, in July 2001. this unique gene was
also found in a small tribe living in the northern Gobi Desert area. The DNA research initially
seemed to promise solid proof of not only where the ancient Americans came from, but also
when they came. However as might be expected, ancient DNA research has become a highly
contentious issue with several competing sides.Most of the DNA research on Native American
Indians has been done utilizing mitochondria. Every cell in our body contains hundreds to
thousands of these tiny, football-shaped organelles. The mitochondria process glucose (sugar)
into a usable form of energy for all of our bodys functions. The mitochondria are believed to be
an evolutional form of bacteria that adapted into a symbiotic relationship with multi-celled life
forms. Thus. the mitochondria have their own unique DNA. which is simpler and easier to
analyze than the human DNA found in the nucleus. Mitochondrial DNA (usually abbreviated as
mtDNA) is passed to offspring only through the egg. Thus, it is not a combination of male and
female genes. It is a haploid gene meaning that it has only one dose of chromosomes. The
haploid mitochondrial DNA shows only the female lineage of a person. Diploid genes are two
sets of combined chromosomes, the female set coming from the egg. the male chromosomes
from the sperm. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is categorized into several types and groups
termed haplotypes and haplogroups. That is, there are variations in the genetic cycle of
mitochondria that fit into clusters. These clusters can trace lineage far back into time. There are
39 different. distinct mtDNA groups into which all humans fit and there are variations on these
types.
While mtDNA analysis is not only easier than other forms of genetic testing. it has a further
advantage. All DNA mutates over time. But mtDNA has a fairly steady rate of mutation that
permits a reasonably accurate estimate of exactly when a particular group of people migrated
from their primary group. Thus, two important factors can be determined through analysis of
rntDNA. First, a living person (or the mtDNA from the remains of a deceased person~ can be
tested to determine the specific racial group from which the individual came. Secondly. the
approximate time when that individuals ancestors migrated from their primary racial group can
be determined. One way to view mtDNA testing is that it may be able to provide a racial family
tree extending back to the beginning of humanity. The current idea in mtDNA analysis is that
ancestory on the female side can eventually be traced hack to a genetic "Eve." The 39 types of
mtDNA were presumably derived from this Eve. Whether this idea will be completely confirmed

by research remains to be seen. However. mtDNA testing has confirmed several oral traditions
passed down through many generations in several tribes. For example. the indigenous people of
Hawaii and Polynesia have long asserted that their ancestors frequently traveled hack and forth
and that they shared ancestor>. Genetic testing showed that these two groups were related and
confirmed the migratory legends of these peoples.
Confirming the Siberian Migration
The first research on living Native American tribes showed they were comprised of four distinct
mtDNA haplogroups called A, B, C, and D. This means that the Native Americans are derived
from four different lineages. These haplogroups were also found in native populations in Central
and South America. Utter mtDNA research utilizing ancient remains recovered in the Americas
validated these four haplogroups. Three of these haplogroups. A, C, and D are found primarily
in Siberian Asia The B haplogroup, however, is found only in aboriginal groups in Southeast
Asia. China, Japan. Melanesia, and Polynesia.

Confirming a South Pacific and Japanese Migration

Based on the mutations found in the mtDNA. most researchers think that groups A. C. and D
entered America from Siberia across Beringia some time around 35.000 B.C. Group B, they
assert, probably came to America from the South Pacific or Japan via boats. It is believed the B
groups began this migration not long after the A. C. and D groups arrived. However, the majority
of the B group arrived about 11.000 B.C. This leaves open the possibility of several migrations
by the B group from different locations.
It should be noted that a few geneticists have proposed that each of these tour haplogroups came
in four separate migrations. And many Clovis supporters argue that all the groups migrated
together.

An Unknown and Unexpected Migration Group Confirmed

In 1997, a fifth mtDNA haplogroup was identified in Native Americans, This group, called "X,"
is present in three percent of living Native Americans. Haplogroup X was not then found in Asia,
but was found only in Europe and the Middle East where two to four percent of the population
carry it. In those areas, the X haplogroup has primarily been found in parts of Spain, Bulgaria.
Finland, Italy, and Israel. In July 2001, a research letter was published in the American Journal of
Human Genetics, relating that a few people with the X, type had been identified in a tribe
located in extreme southern Siberia. These people, called the Altasians. or Altaics as Russian
geneticists refer to them, have always lived in the Gobi Desert area. Archaeologists and
geneticists are certain that the presence of "X" in America is not the result of historic
intermarriages. It is of ancient origin. In addition, the "X type has now been found in the ancient
remains of the Basque.Among Native American tribes, the X haplogroup has been found in small
numbers in the Yakima. Sioux, and Navaho tribes, It has been found to a larger degree in the
Ojibway, Oneota, and Nuu-Chah-Nulth tribes, The X haplogroup has also been discovered in
ancient remains in Illinois near Ohio and a few other areas near the Great Lakes. It has not (so
far) been found in South or Central American tribes including the MayaThe X haplogroup
appears to have entered America in limited numbers perhaps as long ago as 34.000 B.C. Around
12,000 B.C. to 10.000 B.C. it appeared in much greater numbers, It is important to note that not

ail Native American tribes have been categorized by mtDNA analysis and that relatively few
ancient remains have been tested.

The Significance of mtDNA Research

The mtDNA research confirms most of the other new findings in archaeology. The Americas
were settled early and many different racial groups came. Several different waves of migration
probably occurred. The initial wave seems to have occurred around 35.000 B.C. However, it
may have been far earlier since some of the recent radiocarbon dates that have emerged from
areas like California and the southwest point to 50,000 B.C. But it must be kept in mind that
mtDNA analysis is still in its infancy. Not all current Native American tribes and very few
remains have been tested. But the picture the mtDNA research findings paint of ancient America
is astonishing. It may seem that the apparent widespread presence of the X type (from Canada
and Washington State. to Arizona. to the Plains. to the Great Lakes area) could indicate a wide
initial dispersal. However, the history of several of these tribes tells a different story.The X type
in ancient America appears to be linked to the Iroquois. This tribe, of course, was, according to
Cayce. partly the remnant of Atlantean survivors from its final destruction in 10.000 B.C. The
finding of the X group in the north Gobi-dwelling Altasians is hailed as proof that all American
migrations came from Siberia via the Bering Straits, yet it seems unlikely. With the X type being
present in the Middle East. Europe. the ancient Basques. and America, a migration from the Gobi
to all of these areas is doubtful.
The Cayce readings cite a series of large and small migrations of Atlanteans to very specific parts
of the world. These migrations occurred at several times, but especially during the years
approaching 10.000 B.C. One of these places was to the Gobi in extreme southern Siberian Asia
If we assume that haplotype X originated from Cayces Atlantis. some of the X haplotype should
be found in the Gobi region but very little of this group should be found elsewhere in Siberia.
This is what has been found.
B Haplogroup may Originate from Mu
The B haplogroup, found only in aboriginal groups in Southeast Asia. China, Japan, Melanesia,
and Polynesia, may represent Cayces people of Mu. Both Chinese and Japanese archaeologists
take the idea of Mu seriously, and the B haplogroup findings closely match the story Cayce told
about the continent. Most of the people of Mu who escaped the destruction in 50,000 B.C.
escaped to China, India, and Japan. Some time later, descendants of these peoples could have
traveled to America. While Cayce said that some people from Mu entered the Americas about
50,000 B.C., he did not indicate that date as the time period when the majority of them came. We
only know that it was after 50,000 B.C. and prior to 28,000 B.C.
A,C,&D Haplogroups from Siberia?
The Cayce readings do indicate that people entered the Americas from both the east and west in
28.000 B.C. These migrants came from Atlantis. China, and from "across the Pacific." The
28.000 B.C. date matches well with the haplogroups A. B, C, and D proposed dates of entry into
America. The Cayce readings do have references to the Bering Straits, but Cayce did not relate
that there were migrations across it. In fact, no one ever thought to ask him about this, so it

remains an open question in the Cayce story. But the A. C. and D haplogroups clearly
originated in Siberia just as the archaeologists have speculated. Cayce stated that the "yellow" or
Mongol race of humanity originated in the (Gobi and gradually spread throughout Asia. Thus,
according to Cayce. haplogroups A. C. and D probably originated in the Gobi and would be the
migrations Cay cc cited as coming from "across the Pacific."
The Atlantean Haplogroup may be X
Cayce indicated that the largest migration from Atlantis occurred just before 10.000 B.C. The
majority of these Atlantean survivors went to the Northeastern coastal areas of America and
Canada becoming the Iroquois. It should be recalled that Cayce also stated that not all of the
Iroquois were Atlantean. The Atlanteans migrating to the Americas merged with the people
already present in America by that time. The Atlanteans became kaders of the tribes. Cayces
story makes it clear that the Atlanteans had serious disputes among themselves that were
reflected in ongoing violent conflict. (This was the struggle between the Belial and Law of One
groups.) This is confirmed by the Iroquois ancient history that tells of constant battles resulting
in distant displacements of entire tribes to ensure their survival,Perhaps the most astonishing
confirmation of Cayces story of ancient America is the presence of haplogroup X, What is
known is that the X haplogroup first showed up in America perhaps 34,000 years ago. but its
main entry occurred in 10,000 B.C. These dates match Cayces timeframe for Atlantean
migrations as well as the occurrence of X in the specific tribes predicted by his statements. The
X group also appears to have shown up in ancient Iberia and in the Basques about the same time
as well as in the Gobi. These dates match Cayces story of the final two destructions of Atlantis
and the resulting migrations to these areas.

The Anunnaki's Children

Artwork World-Mysteries.com

The Anunnaki's Children

By Jos de Faria e Maya
Note: The following Article is a preview of the book The Anunnaki's Children by Jos de Faria e
Maya.

We are the Anunnakis sons, and have been given a push in our development by those minor
gods. We are not alone in the Universe, and there exists Entities that are more advanced than us.
Those Entities have been watching us and visiting periodically our Planet. All our Religions, that
in a certain way teach basically the same, need to be reformulated, as in some cases we have
been calling god some of those higher Entities

All that, and much more, is engraved in thousand of tablets that have survived for more than
5.000 years, preserved in the best possible way, as burnt clay!
Those clay tablets were cooked by the fire of the library of Nineveh, and by that abnormal fact,
were then given an extra resistance to endure time!
The big question is then, who is the Anunnakis God? The real Universal God?
The Real Universal God is a much more abstract one and is the togetherness of all Universal
Consciousness.
The Holly Spirit, the togetherness of all consciousness, is the Universal God, but by being such
an abstract idea people have tended to forget, and revert to more humanized types of gods.
Quantum Theory tells us than man go on creating his own world, and in it resides the source of
man free will. We can by our conscience influence the way the wave will collapse.
Everything being waves means we are all part of a Universal net, where anyone influences
everyone! Evil is a mans creation.
The USA Military and economic cartels have kept some very important discoveries, particularly
in the field of Energy generation, hidden from us, for more than 40 years.
To have no doubts about this so delicate and important subject, read the book that Steven M.
Greer just published, called "Disclosure".
Steven is a M.D. Doctor, working in the emergency room of an American Hospital, who since
1993 has dedicated most of his time trying to force the American and other Governments to
disclose all the facts they have hidden about Human contacts with Alien entities.
After reading his last book, you will be terrible scared, but deeply convinced that something very
big and important has been kept hidden for too long, and so well hidden that even some
American Presidents knew very little about it!
The late President Eisenhower in his last speech to the Country, in January 1961, alerted about
the dangers of the " huge industrial and military machinery of defense".
This machinery does not respect anyone, not even the USA President, who they feel is a
transitory person, while they are permanent ones.
They have created a real perfect secret environment, where no one has the vision of the global,
and neither the capacity to unblock the system.
This covert program is so well protected that today, there is not in the USA anyone capable to
give an order to disclose it!!

Unbelievable as it may be, one of the reasons why the secret has been so well kept, is that today
it is hard to find who can reveal it, or who has the key to open the vaults of the secret!
Its control has run out of the governments and no democratic institution has the power, or
knowledge, to control it.
The biggest reaction to the disclosure of such a secret comes in the first place from the political
power, which is dead scared of the consequences such world socio-economical changes will
generate
May be we can keep this secret till this generation dies, but no doubt we will transmit a
moribund planet to our sons and all futures generations.
The consequences of avoiding the problem are too high to risk. The Earth is becoming polluted
beyond repair, with 6 billion people wishing to have access to all modern amenities; our fossil
energies will be depleted in no more than 20 years
So, by now we know who we are, who re-made us, or gave us a push in the evolution scale, and
who were those so funny and fierce gods, we for so long mistook with the real God.
We also have now an idea how the Churches should be reformulated in order as to be able to
keep having a place in this new society.
We know that certain knowledge, given to us by Entities from another planet, should be soon
disclosed, as with it we still can avoid the Earth destruction by pollution and fossil energy
exhaustion.
We have in our hands the ways to leave to our sons and grandsons a better and cleaner world,
and just because of such an egoistic scare, we have no right to cowardly, like Nero enjoying the
sight of Rome in flames, keep just for ourselves the last days of our Planet Earth.
We know that to arrive safely to the end, we have to be very cautious and follow a very narrow
way The Universe has plenty of time for itself, and if we fail, others will win and pass the bridge
safely. The end result is in our hands.
As Neil Freer says in "God Games" "we are entering now the end game phase!"
Jos de Faria e Maya
DNA Secrets

Books

God Games: What Do You Do Forever?

by Neil Freer,
Zecharia Sitchin (Introduction)
Book Description
Introduction by Zecharia Sitchin. This new book by the author of "Breaking the Godspell"
clearly outlines the entire human evolutionary scenario and what it means today. While Sitchin
has delineated what happened to humankind in the remote past based on ancient texts, Freer
outlines the implications for the future. We are a genetically-engineered race with both animal
and "godly" genes - genes which have thereby made us into incredibly unique organisms with an
accelerated evolutionary path. In less than a century we have moved from the horse and buggy to
walking on the moon. Freer gives a clear picture of what else is in store based on the current
psychological and physical trends that are developing. We are all creating the next step we need
to take as we evolve from a genetically engineered half-animal species into something far
beyond what we could ever imagine. We are now playing the "god games." We are convinced
that great thinkers in the future will look back on this book, in particular, as being the one which
opened the door to a new paradigm now developing. Neil Freer is a brilliant philosopher who
recognizes the complete picture today, and is far ahead of all others who wonder what really
makes us tick, and where it is that we are going. This book will make you think in new and
different ways. Accept the challenge of God Games and you will be greatly rewarded.

The Anunnaki's Children (2002)

by Jos de Faria e Maya
Another book by this author:
Specks of Spirit (2002)

Book Summary:
Who, When, Why, What for?
Those are the main questions Man keeps putting to himself, and for which only very few have
yet found a satisfactory answer.

Let us go together in a mind journey, and see how far reasoning can take us finding explanations
to those eternal questions, and when and where do we reach our mind limit. At the same time, we
will not forget the essence of Gdel theorem that says that in our most deep and profound
reasoning we always have to start from a point that we have to accept without questioning.
This point has always to stay out of the system, and cannot be deduced, meaning there is a limit
to what we can reach by our own mind.
We will be humble enough to accept our body or machine limitations, but will put no limits to
our Soul, the part of God in each one of us. We will discuss the essence of the Soul, and interpret
Entropy as the inverse of Gods Grace.
Will contest Darwin, and analyse evolution as a fight against Entropy, with a well-defined
direction given by a Gods Blow; Mans evolution feeding on Nega-Entropy, until reaching such
a low value of Entropy, (Gods Constant), as to be able to enter in contact with God.
Will solve the Solipsists dilemma, and join Everett Wheeler Many Worlds interpretation. Will
see, how mans free will can be deduced from the Quanta Theory, and how come that even God
does not know the way each World trial will ever finish.
Together we will even deduce a test capable to separate the right Messiahs from the wrong ones!
All that, and much more we will reach together, agreeing in the way in some points and not in
others, but surely finding ourselves much richer at the end.
Next of Kin : My Conversations With Chimpanzees
Mound Builders: Edgar Cayce's Forgotten Record of Ancient America
by Gregory L. Little (August 2001).

The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That

Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry
by Bryan Sykes

Links

DNA Secrets
Secret of Photo 51

www.genome.gov

The National Human Genome Research Institute

Genome Research Resources

The Human Cloning Foundation

Biology Links

The Origins of Man (cloning)

QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE

http://grazian-archive.com/quantavolution/QuantaHTML/_start_here.htm

THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE IN HUMAN HOLOGENESIS

by Alfred de Grazia:
http://www.grazian-archive.com/quantavolution/Language/LanguageOrg.html

Zecharia Sitchin

The Child in the Womb

The Child in the Womb / unbornbaby07w-03 (7 weeks)

Researchers Challenge Recent Claim That Humans Acquired 223

Bacterial Genes During Evolution
By
Edward R. Winstead
May 21, 2001

A new study demonstrates that humans have relatively few, if any, genes passed directly from
bacteria during evolution. Fewer than 50 human genes may have been transferred from bacteria
to vertebrates at some point in time, according to an analysis of human, bacterial and
nonvertebrate genomes published this week in Science Express.
None of these genes is likely to have been acquired outright from bacteria, say investigators at
The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) in Rockville, Maryland, who conducted the study.
Rather, they suggest that some proteins may appear to exist only in humans and bacteria due to
the loss of genes among nonvertebrate species and the failure to detect human and bacterial
genes that are present but mutated in nonvertebrate species.

Genes shared by humans and prokaryotes after removing successive proteome sets from 5
nonvertebrates and a collection of miscellaneous nonvertebrates ("Other"). Left: Ensembl protein
set. Right: Celera protein set. View larger
Courtesy Science
"My colleagues and I did not find any bacterial genes that appear to be in humans due to what is
called lateral transfer," says Steven L. Salzberg, senior director of bioinformatics at TIGR.
The TIGR team repeated an analysis reported three months ago with the publication of the
human genome sequences. The conclusion of that study in Nature is that humans have acquired
223 genes from bacteria, some of which may have been transferred to vertebrates during
bacterial infections.
For the reanalysis, Salzberg's team used the set of proteins from the publicly funded genome
sequence, but they also screened proteins predicted by the Celera human genome sequence for
matches with bacterial proteins that are not present in other species.

"There are 41 genes in the public data and 46 in the Celera data that are shared by humans and
bacteria but were not found in the invertebrates we screened," says Salzberg. "However, I could
not argue that they are there due to lateral gene transfer."
Changing peoples impressions is difficult. All we can do is try to correct the record.
The transfer of genes horizontally, or laterally, between species is a well-documented
phenomenon in nature. Bacteria can transfer genes to other bacteria. And mitochondria,
organelles in human cells that once were free-living bacteria, have transferred genes to humans.
But there is no strong evidence that bacteria genes have been transferred to vertebrates, say many
evolutionary biologists. It was therefore big news that more than one hundred human proteins are
likely to have "entered the vertebrate (or prevertebrate) lineage by horizontal transfer from
bacteria," as the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium proposed in Nature.
"I was reading about this in the German newspapers," says William Martin, a researcher at the
University of Duesseldorf who studies lateral gene transfer. "But when I saw the statement, I
knew the number was wrong. Those of us in the field have seen these claims before. I don't even
believe the 40 genes in the new study are real examples of lateral transfer."
"The TIGR paper shows that the claim of lateral transfer is at least an overstatement, very
probably a gross exaggeration and possibly altogether erroneous," says Martin, who is not
affiliated with either research team. "Furthermore, TIGR's research methods are sound."

Detail of phylogenetic tree of homologs of three human hyaluronan synthase (HAS) proteins that
were proposed as lateral transfers from bacteria to vertebrates. View full
Courtesy Science
Others in the field now say that the original number of 223 human proteins acquired from
bacteria is probably too high. Recent refinements in the sequence data had already eliminated
some protein candidates prior to this week's publication of the reanalysis in Science Express.
In a commentary that accompanies this study, W. Ford Doolittle, of Dalhousie University, in
Halifax, Nova Scotia, and two colleagues say the original number of 223 human proteins "is
probably overenthusiastic." They do not exclude the possibility that lateral gene transfer has
occurred between bacteria and vertebrates and provide evidence for one "probable case," a
protein called N-acetylneuraminate lyase.

For evolutionary biologists working on lateral gene transfer, Doolittle and colleagues write: "The
most exciting news from the human genome sequencing project has been the claim by the 'public
effort' that between 113 and 223 genes have been transferred from bacteria to humans over the
course of vertebrate evolution."
The claim implies that humans can acquire genes through bacterial infection and pass them to
offspring. This is the kind of thing people remember, observes Martin. "The concept of lateral
gene transfer is so simple that the person on the street can understand it," he says. "But
straightening out the misconception created by the original report is so complex that the same
person might not understand it."

Detail of phylogeny of the gene encoding N-acetylneuraminate lyase (Ensemb ID

IGI_M1_ctg1425_20). View full
Courtesy Science
The process of lateral gene transfer involves a series of steps. For starters, a gene has to migrate
somehow to the nucleus of the 'germ' cells that give rise to sperm and eggs. Otherwise it will not
be passed on. How a gene successfully infiltrates the human genome is not clear, say researchers.
Unlike bacteria, humans have relatively sheltered DNA. Further, a transferred gene must be in or
get in a format that allows long-term maintenance and replication.
"It's readily accepted that gene transfer from mitochondria has occurred in the past and continues
to occur," says Jonathan Eisen, an evolutionary biologist at TIGR. The claim that a pathogen
infected a vertebrate early in vertebrate evolution means both that a bacterial gene entered the
nucleus of a host cell, and that the infected cell was part of the reproductive system.
Many evolutionary biologists regard lateral gene transfer as an extraordinary event. "You need
strong evidence to explain extraordinary events," says Salzberg.
Proving that no bacterial genes have been transferred to vertebrates, on the other hand, is at
present impossible. Instead, the TIGR researchers attempted to show that the existing genomic
data do not support the original statement.
Proteome sizes and number of genes shared with each of the human protein sets, using a
Blast cutoff of 10-10.

Organism
Number of proteins
Number matching Ensembl proteome
Number matching Celera proteome
Human
-31,780
26,544
Bacteria/Archaea
85,824
4,388
3,915
Yeast
9,030
7,508
7,103
C. elegans
19,400
13,770
12,660
D. melanogaster
14,080
15,324
14,302
A. thaliana
25,470
9,151
9,081
Parasites
11,606
5,146
4,756
Source: Science
Like the authors of the Nature paper, the TIGR researchers used bioinformatic tools to search
across species for genes with unusual 'distribution patterns.' A gene that shows up in a particular
species through lateral gene transfer in theory should be identifiable by its presence or absence in
multiple species. For example, a gene may be present in certain bacteria and all plants but not in
other bacteria or vertebrates.
The strategy involves identifying genes with similar sequences in different species. "Sequence
similarity is a very powerful tool, but you have to be careful how you use it," says Salzberg.
"Similarity means the two proteins are likely to have a common ancestor and may have a similar
function, but the similarity does not tell you when they diverged."

This approach "can be effective but is frequently misleading," says Jonathan Eisen of TIGR.
Abnormal distribution patterns can result from the loss of genes or the 'apparent' loss of a gene
that is present but has mutated beyond recognition. Eisen reviewed the methods for analyzing
lateral gene transfer last year in Current Opinion in Genetics & Development.
"The biggest evolutionary problem with the original study was that it assumes there was no loss
of genes in the non-vertebrate genomes," says Eisen. "There are hundreds if not thousands of
studies saying that gene loss is very common, particularly among small genomes. And small
genomes are the ones we have sequenced."
One way to eliminate false positives is include more data in a sample. According to the Nature
paper, the human proteins predicted by the public human genome sequence were compared to
those of four sequenced nonvertebrates, as well as to "any other (nonvertebrate) eukaryote." The
four nonvertebrate species were yeast, worms, flies, and the plant Arabidopsis.
The TIGR data set included virtually all publicly available genomic data, including partial genes
identified in hundreds of nonvertebrate species, the researchers say. "We found 21 human genes
in the original set matching invertebrate organisms such as sponge, soybean, and jellyfish," says
Salzberg. "All I can conclude is that somehow the initial analysis missed these genes."
Doolittle and colleagues note that the TIGR group obtained "a downward trend" by adding
additional data: "The reanalysis demonstrates that the calculation of the number of bacterial
genes in the human genome is highly dependent on how many nonvertebrate genomes were
screened against the human genome."
"The TIGR paper nicely makes the point that you get additional insights by comparing a large
number of species," says Charles F. Delwiche, of the University of Maryland, College Park, and
a researcher on lateral gene transfer in plants. "The reanalysis does a good job casting doubt on
the original number. For the genomics community, the paper's subtext is: Don't stop sequencing
organisms now."

Part of the only figure in Darwin's Origin of Species. View larger

Source: Doolittle, W.F. Phylogenetic classification and the universal tree. Science 284, 21242128 (June 25, 1999).
The two studies together show the value of publishing research, adds Delwiche. "Here is a good
example of how science proceeds, with researchers checking and double-checking each other's
work," he says. "I don't think anyone should be embarrassed about this."
Salzberg is less upbeat. He notes that the original statement made headlines three months ago
when the publication of the human genome sequence captured the imaginations of many people.
"Changing people's impressions is difficult," he says. "As researchers, all we can do is try to
correct the record."
Having more genomes to compare may help answer some of today's questions. But even now
researchers seem to agree that lateral gene transfer has played a limited role in vertebrate
evolution. "We expectthat the vast majority of these transfer events happened before the
evolution of multicellularity," concludes the commentary in Science Express. "Our
multicellularity probably saved us from participating in the dirty business of lateral gene transfer
so beloved by microbes."
Even if the human genome has several hundred genes of bacterial origin, the number is
insignificant, says Eisen. "There are 25,000 genes in the human genome, and they found one
percent that may have come into vertebrate lineage over the course of 600 million to a billion
years, including the human lineage," he says. "To be honest, the number is not all that
interesting."
...

Salzberg, S.L. et al. Microbial genes in the human genome: lateral transfer or gene loss? Science
Express (May 17, 2001).

Andersson, J.O. & Nesb, C.L. Are there bugs in our genome? Science Express (May 17, 2001).

Lander, E.S. et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860-921
(February 15, 2001).
Eisen, J.A. Horizontal gene transfer among microbial genomes: new insights from complete
genome analysis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 10, 606-611 (December 2000).

Doolittle, W.F. Phylogenetic classification and the universal tree. Science 284, 2124-2128 (June
25, 1999).

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