Activity

Guide
Published By

Contents

Take a Line for a Walk: Introducing Draw and Fill Tools

Exploring Color: Basic and Complementary Colors
Imaginary Animals: Using Stamps and Patterns
A Person I Know: More Draw and Fill Techniques
Animals and Birds: Using Proportion in Drawing
Patterns: Making Repeated Patterns
Light and Color: Using Tones and Blending
Drawing Using Foreshortening and Drawing Grids
Perspective: Vanishing Points and Horizon Lines
Landscape: Light and Color in Nature
Human Figure: Advanced Drawing and Coloring Features
Human Face: More About Drawing with Proportion
Table of Keyboard Shortcuts

1
3
5
7
9
11
15
17
19
23
25
27
29

Images needed for the activities in this Guide can be found

by opening the My Paintings>Activities folder in Crayola Art
Studio.

Published By

www.core-learning.com

Published by Core Learning Inc., October 2008.

2008 Core Learning Inc. and Logotron Limited.
2008 Crayola. Crayola, Chevron Design, Serpentine, Oval Smile Design
are trademarks for Crayola used under license.

Take a Line for a Walk: Introducing Draw and Fill Tools

You may be able to draw well with a pencil or crayon but you may find it
difficult using a mouse. Even if you have a graphics pad it is not easy to
start with. Although the drawing tool is like holding a pencil, the picture
appears on the screen, not on the surface on which you are pressing. The
following exercise will help you to practice.

Crayola Marker

Choose the Crayola Marker and a color and take a line

for a walk as Paul Klee (a famous Swiss painter from a
hundred years ago) used to say. Keep to straight lines,
perhaps in line with the edges of the surface using the
Continuous Curve tool.

Continuous Curve

Fill

Fill in some of the shapes with

colors. These could be one light
color and one dark one; or
perhaps they could be colors that
are all light or all dark. You could
put them in shapes that do not
touch each other or shapes that
only touch at the corners.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

If you have left a background that surrounds these

shapes, try filling that in with a light or dark color to see
what effect it has on the main part of the picture.
Fill

When you are happy with the mouse or graphics pad

drawing you have done, see if it suggests anything you
can recognize. When you can see something in the
picture, make this your new subject and complete the
picture as you wish, using other colors and tools to draw
in any other details you need. (You could find things in
the Stamp browser to add to it too).

Stamps

If you want to erase something, right-click the mouse.

Continuous Curve

Perhaps you could draw a line for your

friend to finish, or your friend could
draw you a line to turn into a picture.
Alternatively, load the Lines.rna files from
the Activities folder.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Exploring Color: Basic & Complementary Colors

Have you ever looked closely at the colors in a rainbow?
Look at the rainbow and at the color wheel. Is your
favorite color there?

The basic colors in the circle are Red, Blue

and Yellow.

+
+
+

=
=
=

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

If you mix Red and Yellow together you will get Orange.
Red and Blue make Purple.
Blue and Yellow make Green.

Look at the colors in the color wheel. The colors Orange, Purple and
Green come between the colors that make them.

Some of these colors form families.

Purple, Red and Orange, for instance, are
related because they all contain Red.
On the other hand, some colors are opposites, such
as Red and Green. Look straight across the color
wheel and see if you can find other opposite colors.
Opposite Colors are called Complementary Colors.

Some of the colors are light and some

are dark.

Stamps

Think of a good subject containing bright colors. Here

are a few suggestions: a bed of flowers; a bunch of balloons; kites flying against a colorful sky; a mixture of all
of these. Use any drawing tool plus the Fill tool. See if
you can find pictures in the Stamp browser to help you
or load the Colors.rna file from the Activities folder.

Fill

In some of your pictures keep the related colors close to each other. In
others try putting an opposite color in with the related ones. Try putting
the dark ones together and adding a pale one to them.
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Imaginary Animals: Using Stamps and Patterns

If you look at pictures of dinosaurs in a
book you are seeing them as someone else has
imagined them. You can work out the size and
shape of the animals by studying the bones,
but you have to imagine the other details. For
instance, ears do not have many bones in them
so their shapes have to be imagined or left out.
Of course, you do not know what color the ears
were.
Look at someone's eye or your own in
a mirror. It has a white part, a colored
part (called the iris) and a small black
circle (called the pupil) in the middle.
The surface of the eye is always
moist so there is nearly always a little
light reflection in it which is called
a highlight. Different animals have
different shaped eyes and
the shapes inside
them can be quite
different too.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Most animals today share many

features with each other and
the dinosaurs. They have eyes, a
mouth, a nose, legs and a head,
but not tails or crests on the tops
of their heads.

In the same way you could look at the feet on your cat or
dog. They have the same number of toes that people do,
but their feet are a very different shape. Animals such
as sheep, cattle and horses have hooves. Large animals
such as elephants and rhinos seem to have toenails but
no toes. Birds, too, have several different sorts of feet.

Which animals have these patterns?

Heads, tails, hair, feathers, noses and teeth

come in a great number of varieties. The colors
and patterns on fur and hide can be even more
varied: some are brightly colored, some dull,
some have patterns, some have stripes, some
have long hair, some have short, and some have
scales.

Long ago imaginary animals appeared quite often in fairy tales. Have
you ever heard of a dragon or a unicorn? They weren't real animals,
nor were the sphinx or the griffin. The sphinx was a mixture of a
woman's head and a lion's body with wings added. A griffin also had
the body of a lion but the head of an eagle! These mythical creatures
were mixtures of two or more different animals or humans and
animals.

Stamps

Paint your own animal invention. Look at different animal

and human features in pictures or in real life. Put some of
them together to make your new creature. Perhaps you can
find things to use in the Stamp browser. See the Dinosaurs
and Animals stamps or load the Mythical.rna files from the
Activities folder.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

A Person I Know: More Draw and Fill Techniques

When you try to draw or paint someone you need to
look at them very carefully. There are many different
things to observe about a person and, to start with, you
may not be able to see all of them. Some things you
can see immediately. For example, they could be very
tall or short, they could be thin or wide, they may have
a beard or long hair. Their clothes could be brightly
colored.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Look for the things that are easiest to draw

or paint. Clothes, especially large coats or
T-shirts, are easier to do than details of
faces and hands. Bright colors are easier
to copy than duller ones. People are easier
to see and draw if they are standing up
looking in your direction. Seated people
make drawing difficult.

You could see how wide people are just by looking at

them or you could measure them to see how much taller
they are than they are wide. You could also measure the
height of their head and see how many "heads tall" they
are.
When you have looked
closely at the person you
are going to draw, and
have measured carefully,
start by filling in the main
part of the body. Choose
a fairly simple shape such
as a coat.

Crayola Colored Pencil

Use the Crayola Colored Pencil to draw an

outline and then Fill with color. If you use the
paintbrush start in the middle of the shape and
work toward the outside.

Fill

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Next do the legs and arms. Try to keep them

the right size compared with the body. Finish
with the head. You can make the features of
the face simpler if they are too difficult, but
try to include any very obvious details such as
glasses or strange hair.

Some figures are recognized by the clothes

they wear: e.g., Santa Claus, monarchs,
soldiers and sports people. If your model has
no outstanding features, get them to dress up
in a brightly colored costume, wear a special
hat or head dress or paint their face.

Try to draw or paint your friend.

Alternatively, in the Activities Folder you will find
three figures partially drawn for you to complete.
They are Queen.rna, King.rna, and Witch.rna. Use
these for extra practice.

Animals and Birds: Using Proportion in Drawing

Most kinds of wild animals are the same shape as all the others
in their species: all lions are lion-shaped, all elephants are
elephant shaped. Within each family they all have the same
proportions. How long they are compared with how tall they are
is the same for each lion. This does not apply, however, to the
young of each family. In the young the head is larger, compared
to the body, than in the adult animal.

Some domestic animals such as horses, dogs, pigeons,

guinea pigs and rabbits have been bred by their owners
to be a variety of different shapes.

Stamps

Many animals have a head, a body and four limbs; some also have
a tail or a trunk. When you begin to draw animals look carefully
at the sizes of these different parts compared with each other.
Sometimes this can be seen from pictures but is better if you can
see the animal itself. Pictures or photographs are flat and often
the proportions of the subject can be distorted by the angle from
which it is being viewed. If you are observing from real life
you can look from all sides.
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Try out the Make a Dog shapes in the

Stamp browser. Resize all the parts
of the body to make a dog in the
correct proportions.

Can you
spot the two
deliberate
mistakes on
this elephant?

Be careful when trying to see the proportions of

animals. If you look at a cow or horse, for instance you
might exaggerate the length of the body because the
body itself is long and fairly thin. Look at the images of
the cow and dog. What you can see is that the length
of their backs is the same as their shoulder height,
making a square. Try this out for yourself using one of
the Animal stamps.
When you start to draw, it helps if you try to
simplify what you see into basic shapes such
as squares, circles and ovals and build up
the whole body shapes from these. Most fourlegged animals have a squarish appearance
and most birds are more oval.
When you have built up the shape of the animal start to look at the details. All
animals have heads with eyes, mouths, ears and noses. Each species has its
own shapes, mostly because of what it eats and how and where it lives. Find
out about such things because what you know helps you to draw the details
correctly.

Undo

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Open the Outline1.rna and Outline2.rna files

from the Activities Folder for ideas. Remember
to use the Undo button if you need to rework
something a few times until you are happy with
it.
10

Patterns: Making Repeated Patterns

If you look at flowers, plants or animals you will see repeat
patterns. A tree has the same-shaped leaves repeated
hundreds of times. A bush may be covered with the same size
and colored flowers. Tigers and zebras have striped patterns while
leopards and Dalmatians have spotted ones. The sky often has
striped or bubbly patterns in the clouds.

Half-drop Grid

Many things are repeated; the rhythms in music or the sound of

rhymes in poetry. Repeat patterns have all sorts of uses such as
wallpaper, fabrics, wrapping paper, and floor tiles. Patterns like
these are based on arrangements of squares in one of two ways: a
simple grid or a grid with every other row moved along half a square
or so (called a half-drop).

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Simple Grid

11

Rectangle or Square

Selection

To make a simple pattern, draw a grid of squares.

All of the angles are 90 degrees and all the
lines are straight and parallel. You could use the
Rectangle or Square tool. Hold down the Shift key
as you draw and you will get a square. Draw 9
squares, or load the Grid.rna file from the Activities
Folder.
Draw a designit could be something like a flower
or just colored shapes in the middle square.
Repeat it in every square.

Stamps

Repeated patterns are used for making

wallpaper and wrapping paper.
Try designing your own wrapping paper!

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

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You can make your pattern more interesting by adding designs that
go over the edge of the square into the surrounding ones. Select your
additions with the Selection tool. Copy them and Paste them into the
middle square. The same rule applies if you are doing a Half-drop
pattern.
In the example shown here, only the leaves go out of the square. Add
the flower on top of the leaves when all the extra designs have been
added to the middle square.

Selection

Copy

Paste

After the middle square is completed it can be colored and repeated

as many times as you like. Use the Select tool and paste the copies.
Place them carefully. If you need to, use the Undo button and try
again until you are happy with the result.

Undo

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

13

Motif

You could also create repeat patterns using the

Motif tile option. This lets you experiment easily.
Try using rotation and other translations in
your design.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

A simple way to quickly get a pattern

is to use tiles. Just do a design in one
square and copy it. When you arrange
them into a grid, rotate each one
90 so that each set of four makes a
complete pattern.

14

Light and Color: Using Tones and Blending

Reflected light defines the form of three-dimensional objects.
A circle, by itself, could be a hole you can look through, a flat
disc, or a solid sphere. After shading is added, the type of object
immediately becomes obvious.
This sphere is standing on a flat surface. It casts a shadow where
light does not fall. The object is reflecting light, creating tones or
shading.

Look at this hollow cylinder

which is lit from one side
to see how reflected light
affects the inside and outside
surfaces and how the shadow
is cast. To see the shades
more easily, use white objects
and only one light source. The
brighter the light, the higher
the contrast will be between
dark and light tones (shading).

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Look at the color wheel on the next page.

There are more variations of each color.
Red, yellow and blue are the Primary
colors. When mixed together in pairs
they make orange, green and purple,
which are the Secondary colors. The
colors between these are what you get
from mixing a Primary and its opposite
(Secondary) color. These are called
Tertiary colors.

15

Now use a sphere that is the same color all

over, such as an orange. This time the different
tones apply to a color. If you have a white light
source, getting a lighter version of your color is
easyjust add a little white. If you use black,
your color will soon be overwhelmed by it and
the picture will look muddy.
To add tones to any colored object, try mixing in
some of the opposite color, a little at a time. It
will darken the object color so it will appear less
vibrant where the light does not reach.
Experiment with this technique. Choose a
kind of paint and select the base color of your
object. Dab it into the opposite complementary
color on the mixing palette and choose the
intensity you want. When you paint with it, it will
be transparent. Go over an area several times
to get a darker color.

You can also select your color from the

Color Chooser at the top of the screen
and use the slider below it to make colors
transparent. Moving to the right makes
them paler. Moving to the left makes them
darker. This gives more control over the
color's tone.

Load the file Mixer.rna from the Activities Folder. We

started with red and darkened it bit by bit with green
until we got brown. Pick a color yourself and use the
clear blocks to experiment with creating your own
blends.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

16

Drawing Using Foreshortening and Drawing Grids

Drawing is the skill of seeing accurately. It is not the skill of using a pencil or brush. Our brains tend to
make us see what we know, rather than the actual image that comes through the lens of our eyes. This
drawing of a metal can, (as young children often depict it) is a logical rendering of what the brain knows
about the object. The top of the can is circular, the sides are straight and vertical and because the base
sits on a flat surface it must be a straight line.
Can you learn to see the world in a different way? Try this experiment.
Put a paper flat on a table about 3 feet away with the short side nearest to you. Draw what you see.

Which of these shapes is

the most accurate?

Paper C
Paper A

Paper B

Check the actual appearance of the paper. With a digital camera, sit
in the same place to take the picture. Keep the camera at the same
height as your eye.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Print out the Foreshortening.rna file from the

Activities Folder onto a transparency. Place it
over your computer screen or graphics tablet.
This will help you to measure and draw what is
in front of you.

17

If you do not have a camera you could make a grid of squares

scratched onto plexiglas or made with card and cotton. Sit where
you sat to draw the sheet of paper and, keeping the grid at the level
of your eye, and vertical, move it backwards and forwards until the
front edge of the piece of paper is a whole number of squares. Hold
it steady and count the number of squares between the front and
back edges and compare the proportions with your drawing. Your
drawing should resemble the one on the right. If you have difficulty
seeing this, draw a grid on a piece of paper and then do the
drawing again, looking through the grid.

This problem, drawing things which are lying flat from your
viewpoint, is called foreshortening. Most peoples drawing
would be like paper A until they check it. Your brain is
telling you that it must look like this because the longer
measurement is going away from you.
Table Top
No Foreshortening

Stamps

Table Top
Foreshortened

Look in the Homes folder found in the Activities

folder. Choose six graphics that have been
foreshortened and six that have not. Can you
see the difference? Now try to draw a common
object with foreshortening. Use a grid on your
screen and a grid to look through to help you.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Look again at the metal can. Where would foreshortening

affect the appearance? What shape would the circular top
appear to be? What happens to the bottom of the can?
Many Renaissance artists, including Leonardo da Vinci and
Albrecht Drer used grids as aids to drawing. Many
landscape painters used the Camera Obscura, which projects
an outside scene onto a table top or wall, to design their
compositions.

18

Perspective: Vanishing Points and Horizon Lines

Center of Vision

As things get further away from you

they appear to become smaller and
less clear.
The system which artists use to help
them understand and control this in
their pictures is called Perspective.
Linear Perspective, developed
during the Renaissance, deals with
lines. Aerial Perspective deals with
tones and colors.
Look at this picture of a railway
station. You are looking straight
down the tracks. The width between
the rails seems to get smaller
as they go into the distance. The
lines of the rails and the platform
seem to converge (go toward each
other) as they recede. Some of the
lines seem to go to a point in the
distance. These lines are actually
parallel to each other (the railway
lines, cable gantries, edges of the
platforms and top and bottom of the
fences).
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Eye Level

The point where the lines

appear to meet is called the
Vanishing Point. The direction
in which you are looking is
the Center of Vision. Notice
that the horizontal line on
which the lines seem to meet
is also the Horizon (the line
where the earth and sky
appear to meet) and is on
the eye level of the figure in
the picture. This is because
our perspective lines are all
parallel to the ground.

Line

Fill

Try finishing the drawing called

Chessboard.rna in the Activities folder.
Using the Eye Level and Vanishing
Points complete the perspective view
of the chessboard (Eight Squares x
Eight Squares) and use the Line and
Fill tools.

19

The best way to find out about perspective is to look closely

at the world around you. A little technical knowledge about
it will help you to see things a little more accurately.
Our picture of the station looks straight down the lines
with the Vanishing Point (VP) right in the middle. Look at
the diagram on the right to see how you can put Vanishing
Points elsewhere on the Horizon Line to make, for example,
a road change direction.

Plan View

Look at the Plan View or

bird's eye view of the same
road. Note the angle where
it changes direction. Now
look at the Perspective View.
The angles from the plan are
plotted from the point where
the Center of Vision and the
Base Line meet. The Vanishing
Points occur where the angle
lines cut the Horizon Line. All
lines parallel to those angles
on the plan will go to the same
Vanishing Point.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Perspective View

20

The row of squares below the Base Line is a Plan View of

part of a grid pattern. The angle of the diagonal is 45.
The diagonals are parallel to each other so will have the
same Vanishing Point. To find this, plot an angle of 45
from the Base Line and Center of Vision to the Horizon Line.
This cuts three of the receding lines, showing where the
corners will be. Draw horizontal lines through these points
and you will see the first three rows of the grid appear in
perspective. Now draw from the left of the farthest row to
the 45 Vanishing Point and you will cut the receding lines
in several more places from which you can draw more rows
in.

If you look at the first few rows of tiles they appear

distorted. This is because the Base Line represents the
feet of the viewer and is an area which you cannot see if
you are looking at the horizon. It is generally taken that
if you draw an angle of 15 from the Center of Vision on
the Base Line to the Horizon Line and then draw a circle
centered on the 90 Vanishing Point, what is within the
circle is what lies within the vision of the viewer.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

21

To draw a box on one of the squares, draw a square from the

front corners and draw in the receding lines to the Center
of Vision. Now draw a diagonal perspective line to the 45
Vanishing Point from the top of one of the vertical lines.
Where this cuts the receding lines draw the horizontal line
for the far edge of the box.

Straight lines which are parallel to each other in reality

appear to meet at a point in a perspective view. Lines which
are parallel to the ground have a Vanishing Point on the
Horizon or Eye Level. Because of this, lines lower than your
eyes will go up towards the Horizon and lines above your eyes
will go down as they go further away from you.
To draw a box when you are looking at a corner instead
of a face, draw a plan view and measure the angles the
sides make with the Base Line. Plot these angles onto the
Eye Level from the Base Line. Start with the vertical edge
of the box nearest to you and draw in the perspective lines
as above.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

In the Activities Folder you will find the

file Space City.rna. Try to complete this
picture of a city in the future, using
the two points of perspective.

22

Landscape: Light and Color in Nature

Landscape in Art is how we show outdoor scenery. The art may include natural
objects such as plants, trees and water; human-made elements such as
buildings, fields and roads; or the space around them.

Buildings are nearly always made with simple geometric

forms. Most are box shapes and prisms. Linear perspective
influences how they are depicted. Things seem to get smaller
as they get further away from you.
Water nearly always appears as a reflection, like a mirror if
it is still, but broken up if it is moving. In the photograph,
the water surface is moving just enough to blur the
reflection of the trees and bridge.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Each species of plant has its

own shape, color and texture.
The differences between
an oak tree and a birch
tree are obvious. Even
bushes are not all the
same, although they
may seem to be until
you look closely.

23

The most important aspect of depicting landscapes is how to show the

three-dimensional space. The combination of distance and light affects
the appearance of the tones and colors as they get farther away from the
viewer. Objects in the distance look paler and slightly bluer. The contrast
between the lightest and darkest tones also is less. One way
to achieve this effect in art is to make the colors rather more
vivid than they appear and then to stroke over them with very
transparent white or blue.
Crayola Watercolor

Use the Crayola Watercolor Brush for this exercise.

At the bottom of the Color Chooser is a transparency
slider. Move the arrow on it to the right end with
your cursor. Any color you paint with will now be
transparent.

Look up into a clear blue

sky. Can you see the
difference between the
color overhead and that
at the horizon?

Load the Landscape.rna file from the Activities folder. Use the
transparency slider to modify the green and blue. Draw in your own
landscape.

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

24

Human Figure: Advanced Drawing and Coloring Features

When people think of skeletons they nearly
always think of dead ones, but most of the
skeletons we know are aliveinside us! They
give us our bodies their basic shape.
The proportions of the human body are
usually worked out in terms of the height of
the head (actually the face from the chin to
the hairline).
Roughly, an adult male
will be 7.5 heads high
An adult woman will be
7 heads high

Start by trying to draw a standing figure that you are

looking at from the front. Estimate or measure how
many heads tall your subject is. Measure on your model
where body parts such as the waist, hips, knees, elbows
and ankles come in terms of head measurements from
the top of the head down. See if you can find out how
wide the shoulders, waist and hips appear to be in
head measurements. Here is a tip, if you stand upright
and press your wrists to the sides of your legs you will
find they coincide with the joint at the top of your leg. A
viewfinder grid might be a useful tool for helping to see
the proportions.

A young childabout
6 years of age, will be
about 5 heads high
Anti-aliasing

When you have decided what the measurements

are, turn off the Anti-aliasing and sketch in the
limbs like a stick person using the Continuous
Curve tool. Draw the general shape of the person.
Choose a different color to fill out the body on top of
the stick person. Red is shown here.

Continuous Curve

Is this skeleton male or

female? An adult or child?

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

To erase the stick person choose the Color

Replacer tool and right-click on it. You may need to
Zoom in to do this.
Color Replacer

25

To color your figure choose a midtone for each color. The easiest
way to do this is to use
the Fill tool. Make sure
each shape is
Fill
a closed polygon or the
color will leak into the
surrounding areas.
Use the Zoom tool to find
where the holes are.
Zoom

At this stage things often look

quite good and you can stop there
if you wish.

If you want to add tones to the drawing you can use

transparent white to lighten the basic color.
Make sure that Anti-aliasing is
on.
Anti-aliasing

Put the Transparency slider near

the right end of the palette and
do several strokes on top of
each other until the right tone is
obtained. To make the
dark tone choose the opposite
(complementary) color, very
Transparency Slider
transparent, and go over the base
color.

Draw a seated figure from the side so that you can see
how the legs and arms are arranged.
Then try a seated figure from the front. All the
measurements will the same as the standing one except
for the thighs. Because these now make a horizontal
shape they will appear much shorter than in the standing
model. This effect is called foreshortening and happens
wherever you are looking across a horizontal form.
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

26

Human Face: More About Drawing with Proportion

If you look at someone's head from
the side (in profile) it is as long from
front to back as it is high.

Faces (seen from the front) have a small

range of different shapesoval, angular
or heart-shaped. Nearly all faces are
longer than they are wide but the right
proportion can only be seen by careful
observation or measuring.

Mechanical measuring can be useful when

making detailed portraits. Use a viewfinder grid
or a pair of calipers. Calipers are easy to make
from stiff cardboard and can be used to compare
measurements.

To make a viewfinder, print out the Foreshortening.rna

file from the Activities Folder onto acetate. This is your
grid. Make a cardboard frame for the grid so that it
holds its shape.
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

27

Average proportions:

Eyes are symmetrical on either side of the center line

and appear a third to half-way between the center and
the apparent edge of the face.
Eye line half-way between the chin and the top of the
head.

The head is three-dimensional so light

shining on it will define its form, the
roundness of the brow and cheeks, the
hollows that house the eyes and the shadow
that shows the prominence of the nose.
Different skin colors all are subtle tertiary
colors rather than bright primaries and
secondaries.

Bottom of the nose slightly more than half-way

below the eye line and above the chin line.
Lips line slightly more than half-way above the chin
and below the bottom of the nose.

These proportions are not fixed for everyone.

Although we share only a small number
of features, the variety of human faces is
infinite. They may be broad, narrow, young,
old, smooth or wrinkled. Look carefully at
the details. To make your portrait accurate
you will have to observe how your model
looks unique.
Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Although a straight-faced portrait can

produce a likeness, an expression gives
much more character and excitement to
the work. Expressions can be very fleeting.
Sometimes using a photograph can help
you draw an expressive face.

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Table of Keyboard Shortcuts

Here are standard shortcuts you can use on your keyboard with the Crayola Art Studio program. You can customize the keyboard shortcuts.
Some options have more than one shortcut combination.
Button in a toolbar
or tool window

Shortcut

Menu option

Paint->Selection->Transform->
Rotate by 270
Paint->Selection->Transform->
Rotate by 90
Edit->Undo <last change>
Undo
File->Save As...
Paint->Selection->Save Selection As
File->Close
View->Other->Color Chooser
File->Exit
Paint->Selection->Transparent
Edit->Select All
View->Other->Customize
Edit->Copy
Copy
File->Close
View->Other->Color Settings
Edit->Copy
Copy
File->New
View->Zoom->Zoom Out
View->Zoom->Normal Size
View->Zoom->Zoom In
File->Open
Open

]
Alt+BackSpace
Alt+F2
Alt+F3
Alt+F7
Alt+X
Ctrl+`
Ctrl+A
Ctrl+Alt+Space
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+F4
Ctrl+F7
Ctrl+Insert
Ctrl+N
Ctrl+Num Ctrl+Num *
Ctrl+Num +
Ctrl+O

Crayola Art Studio A C T I V I T Y G U I D E

Shortcut

Menu option

Ctrl+P
Ctrl+Q
Ctrl+S
Ctrl+V
Ctrl+W
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+Z
Del
F2
F3
F4
F5
F7
F8
F9
F11
Insert
Shift+Ctrl+Z
Shift+Ctrl+Z
Shift+Delete
Shift+Insert

File->Print
View->Zoom->Zoom Out
File->Save
Edit->Paste or Edit->Paste After
View->Zoom->Zoom In
Edit->Cut
Edit->Undo <last change>
Edit->Delete
File->Save
File->Open
View->Organizer
View->Brushes
View->Palette
View->Zoom Settings
View->Preview
View->Stamp Browser
Edit->Insert After
Edit->Redo <last change>
Edit->Undo <last change>
Edit->Cut
Edit->Paste or Edit->Paste After

Button in a toolbar
or tool window
Print
Save
Paste
Cut
Undo

Stamp Browser
Redo
Cut
Paste

29