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Effective Diffusivity
When diffusion occurs only in the fluid in the pores (mechanism 1),
it is common to use an effective diffusivity, Deff, based on:
the total cross-sectional area of the porous solid rather than the
cross-sectional area of the pore
a straight path, rather than the tortuous pore path.
Ficks law is used with the effective diffusivity replacing the
ordinary diffusion coefficient, DAB.
Mula-mula konsentrasi A
dalam semi infinite slab
adalah CA0.
atau
Pentration depth:
CAS = 0
Total A release:
Transport Model:
Hexagonal Close-Packed
Diffusion in Metals
To diffuse through a metal, a gas must first dissolve in the
metal.
Hydrogen dissolves in Cu, Al, Ti, Ta, Cr, W, Fe, Ni, Pt, and
Pd, but not in Au, Zn, Sb, and Rh.
Nitrogen dissolves in Zr but not in Cu, Ag, or Au.
The noble gases do not dissolve in common metals.
When H2, N2, and O2 dissolve in metals, they dissociate
and may react to form hydrides, nitrides, and oxides.
Molecules such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and sulfur dioxide also dissociate.
Diffusion in Polymers
Diffusion through nonporous polymers is dependent on the
type of polymer, whether it be crystalline or amorphous and, if
the latter, glassy or rubbery.
And if amorphous, it is glassy or rubbery.
Commercial crystalline polymers are about 20% amorphous,
and it is through these regions that diffusion occurs.
As with the transport of gases through metals, transport
through polymer membranes is characterized by the solutiondiffusion mechanism
Where pi is the
partial pressure
at a polymer
surface.
Membrane Separations
In membrane separations:
(1) the two products are
usually miscible
(2) the separating agent is a
semipermeable barrier,
(3) a sharp separation is
often difficult to achieve.
a.
b.
c.
d.
No separation
Size exclusion
Involve
equilibrium
(solution)
Case Study
C : concentration
D : dispersion coeffcient
U : superficial velocity
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