ExamNotes - Disaster Management Keypoints From ARC Report

Mrunal (http://mrunal.
org/)
[Polity] 2nd ARC: Disaster Management (3rd Report) Gist of Chapter 1 to

3
Environment (http://mrunal.org/category/environment) / 2 years Ago /
39 Comments (http://mrunal.org/2012/09/arc-disaster-mgmt-p1.html#comments)
For ACIO & Insurance AO

Maths: Fast-track Rajesh Verma
(http://www.flipkart.com/fast-track-objectivearithmetic-3rd/p/itmd68vjuzdcmrs7?
pid=9789351760146&affid=mrunalrugm)
Reasoning: RS Agrawal
(http://www.flipkart.com/modern-approachverbal-non-reasoningrevised/p/itmdytg8ghhmrq75?
English: SP Bakshi
(http://www.flipkart.com/objective-generalenglish-2012/p/itmdyuqqgafhtehp?
This content is taken from 3rd report of 2nd Administrative reform Commission (Crisis
Management). The reports of 2nd ARC are important because they provide truckload of
fodder-material in UPSC exam General Studies, Public Administration, Essay and interview.
1.
Crisis vs Disaster
2.
Disasters: why increasing?
3.
Disasters in India
1.
Earthquakes
2.
Cyclones
3.
Tsunamis
4.
Floods
5.
Landslides
6.
Avalanches
7.
Industrial Disasters
8.
Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy
9.
Epidemics
10.
Nuclear Hazards
11.
Desert Locusts
4.
5.
Slow Onset disasters

1.
Climatic Change
2.
Droughts
3.
Desertification and Soil Degradation
4.
Sea Erosion
Disaster Response Mechanism in India

1.
Constitution of India: Disaster Management
2.
State Government & Disaster Management

1. Role of CM
2. Role of Chief Secretary
3. Role of District Collector
3.
Union Government & Disaster Management

1. Role of cabinet Secretary
2. Where does the money come?
3. Role of Army
6.
Timeline of Events: Disaster Management in India
Crisis vs Disaster
crisis may be defined as an emergency situation arising out of natural or human activity
which poses a threat to human life and property or leads to large scale disruption of
normal life.
A crisis may degenerate into a disaster if it is not properly managed resulting in avoidable
loss of human life and property on a large scale.
Second Administrative Reforms Commission, in its 3rd report discussed the Crisis
Management.
Disasters: Why Increasing?

Natural disasters have been an integral part of human history right from the dawn of
civilization. The rise and fall of the Indus Valley and Babylonian civilizations are a
testimony to this.
globalization, urbanization, large-scale migrations of human population and climate
changes = more disaster.
The scourge of terrorism has created new types of crises
increasing dependence on communications and computer networks have increased the
threat of newer emergencies in case these are disabled by accident or design.(Net-
banking, sharemarket, Financial Terrorism etc)

modernization, information explosion, transnational migrations, and the economic
interdependence among nations have all contributed to extending the impact of crisis
situations.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came to the conclusion that,
worldwide the frequency and magnitude of all types of natural disasters are on the rise
In some regions of the country, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased
over the past few decades.
Extreme rainfall events will increase over many areas, resulting in greater number of
floods and landslides.
Mid-continental areas would generally become drier, thus increasing the risk of summer
droughts and forest fires.
tropical cyclone expected to be on the rise.
Such increasing trends in natural disasters will inevitably create crisis situations.
Therefore Disaster management will become a very critical issue in the coming years.
(http://img32.imageshack.us/img32/5409/crisismanagement
DISASTER MATRIX (CLICK TO
ENLARGE)
Types of Disasters
caused by acts of nature
Climatic events
cyclones
storms (associated sea erosion),
floods and
drought
Geological events:
earthquakes,
tsunamis,
landslides
avalanches;
by environmental degradation
by accidents.
by biological activities
public health crises, epidemics etc;
by hostile elements
war, terrorism, extremism, insurgency etc;
by disruption/failure of major infrastructure facilities
by large crowds getting out of control
Life Cycle of a crisis

It is also necessary to recognize that often a crisis does not emerge suddenly; it has a life
cycle, which may take days, months or even decades to develop depending on its
causative factors.
This life cycle of crisis management may be divided broadly in three phases
pre-crisis,
during crisis
post crisis.
Recovery
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Most of the natural disasters can now be predicted with a fair degree of accuracy
(earthquakes are an exception).
Similarly, a reservoir of knowledge and experience now exists about managing all aspects
of disasters. The challenge is to ensure that the community at large and the decision
makers are empowered with this knowledge.
Traditional Knowledge for Disaster Management

Why should people be brought in for a community approach to disaster management?
The answer should be easy to appreciate. If tribals in the Andamans could survive the
tsunami, it was because their existing warning systems worked well in comparison to our
non-existent modern systems
The fact that traditional houses of wood and stone survived the Uttarkashi earthquake
not so long ago while modern buildings collapsed offered a similar lesson.
This intelligence needs to be tapped for devising approaches to management of disasters.
High Cost of Disaster
India is very vulnerable to natural hazards because of its unique geo-climatic conditions.
Disasters occur in India with grim regularity causing enormous loss of life and property.
Almost 85% of the country is vulnerable to single or multiple disasters and about 57% of
its area lies in high seismic zones.
40 million hectares of the countrys land area is prone to flood
68% of the area is susceptible to drought
investment in disaster prevention and mitigation is highly cost effective: for example,
every dollar spent on mitigation saves three to five dollars on relief and rehabilitation
Unfortunately, long-term benefits of crisis prevention and mitigation have not been duly
factored into our planning and administrative systems
A brief description of some major crises/disasters, which India faces is given in the
following paragraphs
Earthquakes
Himalayas the youngest among the mountain ranges

very severe earthquakes in several parts of the Himalayan and surrounding regions
This makes the entire region covering fourteen states (located in western and central
Himalayas, northeast, and parts of Indo-Gangetic basin) highly prone to earthquakes.
The other seismically active regions of the country include the
Gulf of Khambhat
Rann of Kutch in Western Gujarat,
Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Earthquakes can neither be prevented nor predicted in terms of their magnitude, or place
and time of occurrence

Therefore, the most effective measures of risk reduction are
Building construction norms
effective rescue and relief actions immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake.
Cyclones
(http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/44/76744004-AF8CF4A2.jpg)
TROPICAL CYCLONE EXAPLAINED: CLICK TO ENLARGE
More than 8000 km of coastline in the east and the west face the hazards of tropical
cyclones,
A super cyclone hit x Orissa in 1999
caused extensive damage killing about 10,000 people and lakhs of livestock
population.
The economy, infrastructure and environment were devastated
An effective cyclone disaster prevention and mitigation plan requires
efficient cyclone forecast and warning services
rapid dissemination of warnings to the government agencies, particularly marine interests
like ports, fisheries and shipping and to the general public
construction of cyclone shelters in vulnerable areas, a ready machinery for evacuation of
people to safer areas and community preparedness
Tsunamis
(http://media-2.web.britannica.com/ebmedia/57/73357-004-CCB9E86E.jpg)
HOW TSUNAMI WORKS?
Tsunamis are large waves generated by sudden movements of the ocean floor that
displace a large volume of water.
Tsunamis are usually associated with earthquakes
But tsunamis can also be triggered by other phenomena like submarine or terrestrial
landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions or even bolide (e.g, asteroid, meteor, comet)
impacts.
Tsunamis have the potential to strip beaches, uproot plantations, and inundate large
inland tracts and extensively damage life and property in coastal area.
The tsunami in December 2004 caused severe damage to life and property in the coastal
areas of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Kerala and Andaman and Nicobar
Islands,
The confirmed death toll in India was 12,000+ while 5,640 people are still unaccounted
for.
The total estimated value of damages is Rs.11,000+ crores (Approx US $2.56 billion)
Floods
(http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/2799/floodprone2.gif)
HOW TO PREVENT FLOOD DAMAGE?
The term flood is generally used when the water-flows in rivers, streams and other water
bodies cannot be contained.
Floods occur regularly in India affecting about 10% of area.
According to the estimates of the National Flood Commission (1980), commonly known as
the Rashtriya Barh Ayog, Assam and Bihar are the States worst affected by floods
followed by U.P. and West Bengal.
In many cases, the natural process of flooding is aggravated by man-made due to
unplanned or unauthorized construction activities;
Increasing pace of urbanization,
The incidence of floods in recent times in urban areas such as Mumbai, Surat, Vadodara
and other places is symptomatic of this trend and is the direct result of unauthorized
construction activities.
poor urban planning and implementation,
lack of investment in storm water drainage and sewerage
The country has to shift towards efficient management of flood plains, disaster
preparedness, response planning, flood forecasting and warning
There should be strict regulation of settlements and economic activity in the flood plain
zones along with flood proofing, to minimise the loss of life and property on account of
floods.
Flood forecasting activities should be modernized
Landslides
(http://www.satimagingcorp.com/media/images/naturalhazards-5.jpg)
LANDSLIDES
Landslides are mass movements of rocks, debris or earth, down mountain slopes or
riverbanks. Such movements may occur gradually, but sudden sliding can also occur
without warning.
They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions
Prolonged rainfall causing heavy landslides block the flow of rivers for quite some time,
which on bursting can cause havoc to human settlements downstream
hilly terrains of India, particularly in the Himalayas and the Western Ghats, are most
vulnerable to landslides.
In contrast, the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills are geologically stable
regulate settlements in hazard prone area
construction of retaining walls against steep slopes
Avalanches
sliding down of snow cover on mountain slope causes avalanches
Avalanches create various crisis situations for the local administration;
road traffic may be blocked and communication links to vital areas may be disrupted
winter sports may be disturbed stranding tourists in places with scant facilities.
Small rivers may be blocked creating danger of down stream flooding.
Avalanches may sometimes hit or bury human settlements down the slopes
Solution
remove snow deposits on slopes by blasting,
predicting avalanches and evacuating people from vulnerable areas.
Industrial Disasters
Among the man made disasters, probably the most devastating (after wars) are industrial
disasters.
These disasters may be caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical or other process
failures in an industrial plant due to accident or negligence,
But they also cause widespread damage within and/or outside the plant
worst example = Methyl Iso-cynate gas leak in 1984 from the Union Carbide Factory in
Bhopal (known as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy) which has
so far claimed more than 20,000 lives and injured several lakh persons
Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy

In the pre-Bhopal Gas Tragedy era, industrial safety was governed by legislations like the
Factories Act, 1948 and the Explosives Act, 1884.
These laws proved to be inadequate to provide safety to workers as well as to the people
living in the surrounding areas
So, The Environment Protection Act, 1986 was enacted.
Stringent environmental protection laws have prevented major industrial disasters after
Bhopal, but minor disasters do take place on and off site and also during transportation
of hazardous materials, which claim a number of lives each year besides creating
environmental problems.
With rapid industrialization, the threat of industrial disasters has increased.
However, in spite of the existence of a large number of laws, their enforcement has left
much to be desired
Epidemics
In India, the major sources of epidemics can be broadly categorized as follows
(http://img801.imageshack.us/img801/3093/epidemicsinindia.png)
Epidemics often take place due to poor sanitary conditions leading to contamination of
food and water or due to inadequate disposal of human or animal carcasses in postdisaster situations.
They become real dangers during floods and earthquakes. Sometimes, poor solid waste
management may create epidemics like plague.
Plague is quite uncommon now but it can still occur as it did in Surat in 1994
Nuclear Hazards
(http://static.guim.co.uk/sysimages/Guardian/About/General/2011/3/21/1300728016765/TheFukushima-nuclear-pla-007.jpg)
FUKISHIMA NUKE POWER PLANT
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is the nodal agency in the country in respect of man
made radiological emergencies in the public domain.
(I think we already covered the steps taken by Indian Government to prevent nuke
accidents. Refer the Seoul Summit article click ME (http://mrunal.org/2012/09/diplomacynuke-seoul.html))
Desert Locusts
(http://killerpoke.net/wpcontent/uploads/2009/02/locusts.jpg)
SWARM OF DESERT LOCUST
Under favourable environmental conditions, a few insects can dramatically multiply, form
large swarms able to migrate great distances
they threaten agriculture over a large part of Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia =
food security problem.
International cooperation lies at the core of an effective strategy for locust control
Slow vs Rapid Onset disasters

Slow onset disaster
Rapid onset disaster
climate change (global warming), desertification, soil

degradation, and droughts,
Earthquakes, cyclones,
floods, tsunamis
Also known as Creeping Emergencies.their impact is not

felt immediately.
Climatic Change
Climate change is defined as a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of
the climate for an extended period (typically decades or even longer)
Global warming caused due to the Greenhouse effect is one of the major reasons for
climate change.
Global warming leads to melting of glaciers, rise in sea level and threatens low lying
coastal areas (Like the Sunderbans and entire nations such as Bangladesh and Maldives)
Combating global warming requires urgent and concerted efforts by the international
community.
Droughts
Droughts refer to a serious shortfall in availability of water, thus affecting agriculture,
drinking water supply and industry.
Droughts in India have their own peculiarities requiring appreciation of some basic facts.
These are:
India has an average annual rainfall of around 1150 mm; no other country has such a
high annual average, however, there is considerable annual variation
More than 80% of rainfall is received in less than 100 days during the South-west
monsoon and the geographic spread is uneven.
Inadequacy of rains coupled with adverse land-man ratio compels the farmers to practice
rain-fed agriculture in large parts of the country

Irrigation, using groundwater aggravates the situation in the long run as ground-water
withdrawal exceeds replenishment; in the peninsular region availability of surface water
itself becomes scarce in years of rainfall insufficiency
Deserti cation and Soil Degradation

Any kind of land degradation can be termed as desertification.
This can take place due to soil erosion, increasing alkalinity in soil and water-logging
Land degradation is estimated to affect one third of the total area of the country
process of desertification is accelerated due to continuing cultivation.
alkalinity and salinity coupled with water-logging= seriously reduces agricultural
productivity and has grave implications for our food security system.
Sea Erosion
landward displacement of the shoreline caused by the forces of waves and currents is
termed as erosion.
Coastal erosion occurs when wind, waves and long shore currents move sand from the
shore and deposit it somewhere else.
this results in permanent changes in beach shape and structure.
The impact of the event is not always seen immediately, but it is equally important when
we consider loss of property that it causes.
It takes months or years to note the impact. So, this is generally classified as a long term
coastal hazard
While the effects of waves, currents, tides and wind are primary natural factors that
influence the coast,
construction of artificial structures, mining of beach sand, building of dams
About 23 per cent of Indias mainland coastline of 5423 km is getting affected by erosion
Crisis/Disaster Response Mechanism in India

Arthashastra, (a treatise on public administration by Chanakya in the 4th century B.C),
devoted a section to mitigation measures to combat famines
Modern methods of crisis management began to be applied from the late 1870
After Independence, drought relief works were undertaken in areas affected by severe
droughts.
With the onset of the green revolution in the late 1960s the necessity for famine relief
work declined
holistic drought management programme was taken up in the form of the Drought Prone
Areas Programme (DPAP).
Legislation on disaster management at the national level was enacted in the year 2005
with the Disaster Management Act, 2005
Disaster Response Mechanism in India

community is usually the first responder in case of a disaster
in urban areas the response is articulated by agencies like the civic authorities, the fire
brigade and the local police station
At present, panchayats do not have the capacity to react in case of disaster.
So, it is the district administration, which retains the basic responsibility of handling crises
situations with the Collector playing a pivotal role.
Constitution of India: Disaster Management

Indian Constitution has specified specific roles for the Union and State Governments.
However, the subject of disaster management does not find mention in any of the three
lists in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
State Government & Disaster Management

State Governments = post disaster relief and rehabilitation
A few states have created seperate a Disaster Management Department.
Role of CM
a Cabinet Committee on Natural Calamities under the chairpersonship of the Chief
Minister takes stock of situations and is responsible for all important policy decisions.
Role of Chief Secretary

Every state has a Crisis Management Committee under the chairpersonship of the Chief
Secretary,
It reviews crisis situations on a day-to-day basis at the time of crisis,
coordinates the activities of all departments and provides decision support system to the
district administration
Role of District Collector

District Magistrate/Collector has the responsibility for the overall management of
disasters in the district.
All departments of the State Government including the police, fire services, public works,
irrigation etc. work in a coordinated manner under the leadership of the Collector during
a disaster, except in metropolitan areas where the municipal body plays a major role.
District Collector also enjoys the authority to request for assistance from the Armed
Forces if circumstances so demand
Union Government & Disaster Management

Union Government plays a key supportive role by
Giving physical and financial resources
early warning and co-ordination of efforts of all Union ministries, departments and
organizations
Till recently, the Department of Agriculture had the nodal responsibility for managing
disasters.
After the Gujarat earthquake in 2001, this responsibility has been shifted to the Ministry
of Home Affairs
Matters relating to nuclear, biological and chemical emergencies are looked after by the
Cabinet Committee on Security.
Role of cabinet Secretary

Cabinet Secretary, as the highest executive officer, heads the National Crisis Management
Committee (NCMC).
NCMC can give directions to any ministry, department or organization for specific action
needed for meeting the crisis situation.
Where does the money come?

After a natural disaster, Government has to take do relief work.
To finance such relief work, lot of money is required.
The allocation of this money is governed by the recommendations of the Finance
Commission.
Finance Commission is appointed by the Government of India every five years.
Under the existing scheme, each state has a corpus of funds called Calamity Relief Fund
(CRF)
In case the funds under CRF are not sufficient to meet the specific requirements, State
Governments can seek assistance from the National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF)
Both these funds, as the names suggest, are meant for relief and rehabilitation and do
not cover either mitigation or reconstruction works, which have to be funded separately
by the State or Union Government
Role of Army
Theyre most effective in dealing with Natural Disaster relief because of
their ability to organize action in adverse ground circumstances,
Their speed of operational response and also their resources and skills (army
engineer, doctors etc)
Thus, they play a major role in assisting the civil administration.
They provide communications, search and rescue operations, health and medical
facilities, transportation, power, food and civil supplies, public works and engineering, in
the immediate aftermath of major disasters
laws
Essential Services Maintenance Acts (ESMA) to ensure provision of essential services
during the time of crisis.
The Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C) still remains the most important Act to tackle
crisis situations due to public order problems
Seperate Disaster Management Act was enacted in 2005.
Timeline of Events: Disaster Management in India

1990s
United Nations decided to observe the 1990s as the International Decade of Natural
Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).
National Governments were expected to pay special attention to measures to deal with
natural disasters
1999
Government of India Constituted a High Powered Committee (HPC) on Disaster
Management.
HPC came out with a large number of recommendations.
2001
Following the Gujarat earthquake, the Government of India took important policy
decisions/measures for reforming the disaster management system in the country. These
are:
Disaster management was moved from the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture to the
Ministry of Home Affairs
Although Ministry of Agriculture retains the responsibility for droughts, pest attacks and
hailstorms;
State Governments were advised to create separate Disaster Management Department
State Governments were further advised to constitute
State Disaster Management Authority under the Chairmanship of State Chief Ministers
District Disaster Management Committee under the Chairmanship of District
Collectors
A specialized force comprising eight battalions to be named as National Disaster
Response Force to be constituted with state-of-the-art equipment and training to respond
to various natural and man made disasters;
advanced fail-proof disaster communication network
National Institute of Disaster Management was set up at Delhi for training research
Basics of disaster management to be introduced in school education
disaster resistant technologies to be introduced in engineering and architecture
disaster- Management topic introduced in medical and nursing education
2005
separate law on disaster Management. (more on that later)
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So far 39 Comments posted
REPLY (/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMT-P1.HTML?REPLYTOCOM=9318#RESPOND)
ramakrishna
09.22.2012 AT 11:01 PM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9318)
mrunal ur awesome. This is really stupendous work
ramakrishna
can u do some important reports before mains.
SHIVENDRA KUMAR
DEAR SIR
FIRST OF ALL THANKS FOR PUBLISHING SO MANY USEFUL ARTICLES
KINDLY SUGGEST ME THAT WHETHER THEY WILL ASK QUESTION ON
WORLD MAP IN GEOGRAPHY.
KINDLY PUBLISH SOME MATERIAL ON INDIAN MAP RELATED
QUESTIONS
REGARDS
esskay
Hi mrunal. please compile 33 years exam paper of history. thank you . i

appreciate your help
Mrunal (http://mrunal.org)
09.23.2012 AT 12:18 AM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9327)
ill try
REPLY (/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMT-P1.HTML?
REPLYTOCOM=9345#RESPOND)
esskay
09.23.2012 AT 9:02 AM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTERMGMT-P1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9345)
Thank you Mrunal. I appreciate your response. you are

doing a great job anyway. I have a suggestion, as many CSE
aspirants visit your blog, it would be good if you can add a
chat feature here. like they have on UPSC portal. Thank
you !
ashish
why dont we form a group of aspirants having history subject as

an optional so that we can help each other while preparing for
the same. I think it would be of immense help in the changed
pattern of examination
denzel
thanks i was thinking of reading disaster managemnt from somewhere

but could not find the material
tanu
this is awesum.gr8 work
pardeep
great work sir
Amaan
Thanks for the aticlePlease can you compile an article on conflict

resolution.
karthikeyan
great work as usualthanks a lot mrunal
atul
Hats Off to you
rohit barthwal
thnks mrunal
Dilip Reddy
Dear Mrunal,
A small request.Please dont host your images in imageshack as they
will be blocked in most of companies networks.
parvinder
marvelous work
aditi
vry nicely elaborate
saurav
HEY MRUNAL GREAT JOBCAN U TELL TELL ME DO WE NEED

TO READ ALL15 2ARC REPORT COMPLETELY OR JUST THE MAJOR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS AT LAST
sunil
nice work murnal

can u share the source report Disaster Management (3rd Report).
Akshay
ramakrishna
September 22, 2012 at 11:03 PM Reply
can u do some important reports before mains.
Mrunal. Congratulations on stupendous job. It will b so nice if u can
help ramkrishan. I like many is grappling with time to find some time
for ARC 2. Hope u can do some miracles as u always have.
Thanks
Shakil
Sir,
You are article very informative.
Can you write notes on
Direct cash transfer scheme.
Indias fading effect on neighborhood countries.
Thanks,
Shakil
sukh
hats off to u sir
Manthan
very nice compilation of information really very very informative

thank you
nibha
thanks alot sir. its really very informative
deen john
superb
Rajeshnayak
thanks alot its superb
udit agarwal
Sir, plz complete this report and the other important ones too.
thank you
Sindhu
Hi Mrunal. This has been very useful to me as a main candidate.

Waiting for remaining chaptersPls do them
avinash
as i always,a salute
shivali
salute to you sir
darshan
Sir
Though summary of ARC are available from other sources, i humbly
request u to complete 3rd and 4th report after 2013 mains
Aditya
Mrunal,
Thanks for the notes on the reports. This report is of more than 200
pages. I wanted to know if you read the whole report or read it
selectively. If you have read it selectively, can you please suggest some
points that could be kept in mind while doing so? Is is necessary to
read and summarize 12th plan in the similar manner?
Siddharth jain
Sir when will u elaborate upon the next part of it ?
siddhanth
how can i download this file
Neha
Sir waiting for the remaining chapters..
SDevkota
Could you please give me source of the landslide block diagram,

please??
Amrinder
I didnt find its next part. Did you compiled that or not? If yes, Please
help me to get it.
Ashish Patil
Is this GS topic or pub ad optional?
Jude_Prudence
Traditional Knowledge for Disaster Management

Onge tribe was feared to have been annihilated but it survived. They
believe that when the sea recedes it comes back with greater fury so
its time to take to the higher ground.
Avalanches
Yellow Zone: Few incidents in a year
Blue Zone: Few incidents with less than 3 tonnes of ice. may have to
evacuate on warning
Red Zone: Higher than 3 tonnes of ice, frequent incidents, warnings
and evacuation. Not suitable for living.
However, the subject of disaster management does not find mention
in any of the three lists in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian
Constitution.
NDMA 2005 has put Disaster management in concurrent list, other
features are
NDRA with National Executive authority, similar at state and district
level, with P.M,C.M,D.M as head
DDMA as the nodal agency
NDR fund
National institute of Disaster Management
National disaster response force, similar at state district level.
To elaborate
-Actions in good faith are protected
-No discrimination in relief
-Mechanism for misappropriation of funds

-Mechanism for false alarm(Wolf its a wolf)
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ExamNotes - Disaster Management Keypoints From ARC Report

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Mrunal (http://mrunal.

[Polity] 2nd ARC: Disaster Management (3rd Report) Gist of Chapter 1 to

For ACIO & Insurance AO

Disasters: why increasing?

Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy

Slow Onset disasters

Desertification and Soil Degradation

Disaster Response Mechanism in India

Constitution of India: Disaster Management

State Government & Disaster Management

Union Government & Disaster Management

Timeline of Events: Disaster Management in India

Disasters: Why Increasing?

banking, sharemarket, Financial Terrorism etc)

Life Cycle of a crisis

Traditional Knowledge for Disaster Management

High Cost of Disaster

Himalayas the youngest among the mountain ranges

and time of occurrence

Reforms after Bhopal Gas tragedy

Slow vs Rapid Onset disasters

Rapid onset disaster

climate change (global warming), desertification, soil

Also known as Creeping Emergencies.their impact is not

rain-fed agriculture in large parts of the country

Deserti cation and Soil Degradation

Crisis/Disaster Response Mechanism in India

Disaster Response Mechanism in India

Constitution of India: Disaster Management

State Government & Disaster Management

Role of Chief Secretary

Role of District Collector

Union Government & Disaster Management

Role of cabinet Secretary

Where does the money come?

Timeline of Events: Disaster Management in India

Print | PDF (need Chrome) (http://mrunal.org/2012/09/arc-disaster-mgmtp1.html/print/)

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UPSC Civil Service

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CDS: Defense Services

CAT/IIM MBA Entrance

More from this category

So far 39 Comments posted

mrunal ur awesome. This is really stupendous work

can u do some important reports before mains.

09.22.2012 AT 11:26 PM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9322)

Hi mrunal. please compile 33 years exam paper of history. thank you . i

Thank you Mrunal. I appreciate your response. you are

why dont we form a group of aspirants having history subject as

thanks i was thinking of reading disaster managemnt from somewhere

09.23.2012 AT 12:38 AM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9329)

this is awesum.gr8 work

great work sir

Thanks for the aticlePlease can you compile an article on conflict

great work as usualthanks a lot mrunal

09.23.2012 AT 12:48 PM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9352)

Hats Off to you

09.24.2012 AT 2:01 AM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9542)

vry nicely elaborate

HEY MRUNAL GREAT JOBCAN U TELL TELL ME DO WE NEED

09.24.2012 AT 5:34 PM (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2012/09/ARC-DISASTER-MGMTP1.HTML/COMMENT-PAGE-1#COMMENT-9676)