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VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE


Choose the correct definition of the following words and expressions:
1. surge
a. rise a little

b. rise a lot

c. fall a little

d. fall a lot

2. spree
a. activity that makes most money for the company
b. first involvement in a business activity from which they can develop
c. a short period of time during which someone spends a lot of money
3. shopping cart
a. buying and selling goods and services and doing other business over the Internet
b. hardware and software applications that manage order processing, billing, sales, inventory and shipping.
c. piece of software that acts as an online seller's catalogue and ordering process.
4. spin-outs
a. rival companies created using the knowledge and experience gained at larger ones.
b. the amounts of money coming into and going out of a company, and the timing of these.
c. something belonging to an individual or a business that has value or the power to earn money.
5. intrusion
a. being contactable via e-mail

b. annoying interruption

c. underachiever

Complete the sentences which the correct word or expression:


6. Our state-of-the-art machinery is our major ____.
a. asset
b. possession
c. property
7. There is a wide ____ of ethnic foods available in the local supermarket.
a. target
b. range
c. revenue
8. I'm sorry, the red ones won't ____ stock until next week. We've god a black one left though.
a. part with
b. be in
c. update
9. a tip for chasing payment: Attach copies of any relevant documents, such as ____, purchase orders and invoices.
a. payment terms
b. delivery notes
c. withholding payment
10. We all know that getting through a project is hard work, and the team can easily get discouraged when they
____.
a. take on a project
b. celebrate the major milestones
c. miss a deadline
TOEFL PRACTICE
Choose the correction for the underline words:
1. Medicine finding in bathroom cabinets should be thrown out if the expiration date has passed.
a. finding
b. should
c. if
d. date
2. People protesting the destruction of old forests sometimes chain themselves to the trees marking to be cut down.
a. protesting
b. sometimes
c. themselves
d. marking
3. The main routes used by pony express were equipped with stops providing stables, bed and eating.
a. used
b. were
c. stops
d. eating
4. A 1,300-year-old Byzantine ship and another old ancient vessel have been retrieved from their watery graves.

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a. 1,300-year-old

b. ancient

c. been

d. graves

Choose the correct way to complete the sentence:


5. Many people ____ must be willing to commute a long distance to work.
a. who wish to live in rural areas
b. where live in rural areas
c. those wishing to live in rural areas
6. People ____ in charge of ticket reservations warn travelers to book early during the high seasons.
a. who are
b. who
c. where are
d. which
7. The county of Kent is known as the "Garden of England" ____ it yields a bountiful harvest of fruits and
vegetables.
a. such as
b. so that
c. because
d. although
8. ____ many governments disapprove, cultivation of the opium poppy thrives.
a. So that
b. As if
c. Until
d. Even though
9. Although ____ a country illegally is risky, the illegal immigrant who finds work may believe the risk is
worthwhile.
a. having entered
b. when entering
c. he enters
d. entering
10. ____ governments point with pride to increasing mechanization in agriculture, power from humans and animals
still produces a significant portion of the world's food.
a. So that
b. Since
c. While
d. Because
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the second part of the article about doing business online.
Rather than the website being a separate, self-contained part of the business, e-tail needs to be fully
integrated into the support systems and infrastructure that drive every other part of the business, such as stock
control, storage, delivery, customer returns and order picking. If it can't be fitted into the existing framework, then
the framework needs to change to fit the website. The back-end systems - taking the order, taking payment,
processing the order, dispatching it - have to be geared up to make the online purchasing process as smooth as
possible.
"Take stock availability," says Oliver Spark, managing director of The White Company. "A few years ago,
people were more accepting if you had an item on the website that turned out not to be in stock. They are not any

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more. They shop online because it is quick and convenient. If your website says one thing and the stock room
another, they are not going to invest their time with you again," he says.
The White Company started out as a mail-order company in 1994, moved on to the Web six years ago and
on the high street in 2001. And after a slow start, the e-tailing side is booming. "We launched our first website in
2000, and this year it will bring in sales of about 8m (12m). It's about 20 per cent of total sales and is growing
twice as quickly as the rest of the business. Overall growth is about 40 per cent, but the online side is up 86 per cent
on last year," says Spark.
The company's website is integrated in real time into its stock management database, the same database
which feeds its shops and mail-order business. It means that when an item is sold, whether through a shop or mail
order, the website is automatically updated. All its stock is stored in one warehouse and fulfillment centre in west
London. During the day, mail order and online orders are picked and packed for delivery, while at night it is the
stock orders for shops that take priority.
It is not taking the orders online that causes the problems for e-tailers, it is the operational costs of fulfilling
those orders. Getting the website up and running and taking the orders is the easy part. It is meeting the higher
expectation levels of the e-tail consumer where it gets tricky.
Read these statements about the text and write if they are true (T) or false (F).
1. A company's website doesn't have to be designed to integrate with the company's existing systems. F
2. A website could lose repeat customers if it doesn't give correct information about what is available. T
3. The White Company's online sales are growing at more than double the rate of the rest of the business. T
4. The White Company's website receives the latest information about sales made in all areas of the business. T
5. Taking orders online causes problems for e-tailers. F
TRANSLATION
Now translate the first three paragraphs of this section.

VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE


Choose the correct definition of the following words and expressions:

1. plummet
a. rise a little

b. rise a lot

c. fall a little

d. fall a lot

2. toehold
a. activity that makes most money for the company.
b. first involvement in a business activity from which they can develop.
c. a short period of time during which someone spends a lot of money.
3. back-end systems
a. buying and selling goods and services and doing other business over the Internet.
b. hardware and software applications that manage order processing, billing, sales, inventory and shipping.
c. piece of software that acts as an online seller's catalogue and ordering process.
4. cashflow
a. rival companies created using the knowledge and experience gained at larger ones.
b. the amounts of money coming into and going out of a company, and the timing of these.
c. something belonging to an individual or a business that has value or the power to earn money.
5. gripe about
a. universally laud

b. complain

c. annoying interruption

Complete the sentences with the correct word or expression.


6. They have to pay the loan back over three years. The first ____ is due in August.
a. amount
b. installment
c. part
7. Ahold, the world's fourth-largest supermarket group, revealed ballooning annual losses, but said it was on track
to meet all its ____ this year.
a. range
b. target
c. revenue
8. It isn't easy for e-tailers to persuade consumers to ___ their money.
a. part with
b. be in
c. update
9. A tip for chasing payment be specific and stick to the point - quote dates and any relevant agreements, such as
____ and credit limits.
a. payment terms
b. delivery notes
c. withholding payment
10. My advice is not to ____ that doesn't have a strong sponsor committee to seeing the project succeed.
a. take up a project
b. celebrate the major milestones
c. miss a deadline
TOEFL PRACTICE
Choose the correction for the underline words.
1. Extra wheels attach beside and below the rail keep roller-coaster cars on track whether they are right-side up,
upside down, or sideways.
a. attach
b. below
c. whether
d. sideways
2. Experts in aerodynamics study the placement of dimples on golf balls to create balls that they fly in specific
ways when hit.
a. study
b. to create
c. they
d. hit

3. Labels should include the information that allows shoppers to compare ingredients and contents of the food they
are buying.
a. should
b. that
c. and contents d. they are
4. In a preschool, children sometimes join hands, sing songs, and are playing circle games.
a. a
b. sometimes
c. songs
d. are playing
Choose the correct way to complete the sentences:
5. One of the German executives ____ attended the meeting had previously visited our head office.
a. whom
b. whose
c. when
d. that
6. A loudspeaker in an instrument ____ electrical energy into sound energy.
a. that
b. where transform
c. who is transforming d. that transforms
7. Seat belt laws were introduced ____ traffic fatalities would be reduced.
a. as if
b. when
c. then
d. so that
8. The little terrier dog, Bobby, spent fourteen years on his master's tombstone ____ it were waiting for the old
shepherd's return.
a. thought
b. although
c. even thought
d. as though
9. ____ to England remain strong, the Channel Islanders are exempt from most British taxes.
a. Before their ties
b. Although tied
c. Tied
d. Although their ties
10. ____ declaring the area useless, Daniel Webster could not have foretold how irrigation would make California's
Imperial Valley bloom.
a. When
b. Because
c. So that
d. While
READING COMPREHENSION
Read the first part of the article about doing business online
Net gains on the shop front
Cyberspace is increasingly the location of choice for many retailers. it is not hard to see why online
retailing - or e-tailing - is big bucks. The e-tail market, worth 14bn (21bn) a year in the UK alone, is growing at
an annual rate of between 30 and 40 per cent. In the six weeks leading up to Christmas, over 3.5bn (5bn) was
spent online - almost 7 per cent of the total retail spend during the same period.
It is not just online retailers such as Amazon or eBay that have build successful businesses in cyberspace. A
huge number of retailers have some kind of presence on the Internet. Most high-street name have fully transactional
online operations. But many smaller retailers are nervous about the potential of e-tailing, often perceiving it as a
risk and an expensive distraction as much as an opportunity.
"It is not a question of building a nice website and waiting for the money to come rolling in. It calls for a
new business model, which seamlessly connects e-tail with the rest of the business," says Ian Bathgate, a principal
lecturer at the University of East London Business School. "It only takes one mistake, one oversight online, to not
only lose huge volumes of sales, but cause serious damage to your brand and reputation."
Research shows that e-tail customers are more demanding, less forgiving and more fickle. The Web is
fiercely competitive, and customers have access to unprecedented amounts of information. It takes more than a
flashy website to convince them to part with their cash. An up-to-date and user-friendly website is taken as
standard. The issues that are decisive in whether an online sales operation is a success and which can create that
vital competitive advantage - are around good old-fashioned customer service and order fulfillment.

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An online operation that amounts to printing the e-mail orders at the end of the day, manually checking
they are in stock and popping them in the post, probably costs more in time and effort than it earns and is unlikely
to meet customer expectations in terms of accurate information on stock availability and delivery times. 'You have
to manage expectations from the very beginning. It's often assumed that e-tail is all about finding the cheapest
product. Yes, price is important, but probably not as important as delivery or customer service. Paying a rockbottom price is no good if the product doesn't get delivered when it should,' says Andrew McClelland, head of
projects and marketing at the Interactive Media Retail Group, the trade body for e-tailers.
Read these sentences about the article and choose the correct option to complete them:
1. The majority of well-known shops ____ online sales operations.
a. still haven't invested in
b. now offer
2. Many small businesses appear to ____ about e-tailing.
a. be enthusiastic
b. have mixed feelings
3. The consequences of a problem with your website are loss of sales and the ____.
a. high costs of finding a solution
b. repercussions for the company's good name
4. When online customers sees a stylish website they are ____.
a. no longer impressed
b. more willing to make purchases
5. Manual dealing with online orders is ____ for some businesses.
a. unlikely to be cost effective
a. a good low-cost option
TRANSLATION
Translate the last two paragraphs of this section of the article.

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