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we can scamper in and out of the maze in a way they cannot understand,
during the first weekend of June
at half-past one on Sunday morning
deep in the crypt of the night
together with a fellow voyager in madness
i crossed the line into death
which is called Hell because the police control heaven
***
Melting shells drunk on our inexistence
torched in the flame of the sacred
we trudged though the burnt and blackened swamps of the shallows
testing the edge of the estuary
dripping brimstone from our boots
an immense ocean of annihilation stretched out before us
***
There has been a revolution in Hell
Satan hangs from a gibbet and rots
wreathed in the howls of anarchy
out there beyond the stars
the cold wind of zero rages without interdiction
amphibians, but belong upon solid earth. We are not amphibians, but belong
upon solid earth. Let us renounce all strange voyages. The age of desire is past. The new
humanity I anticipate has no use for enigmatic horizons; it knows the ocean is madness
and disease. Let me still your ancient tremors, and replace them with dreams of an iron
shore. Reason in its legitimate function is a defence against the sea, which is also an
inhibition of the terrestrial; retarding our tendency to waste painstakingly accumulated
resources in futile expeditions, a barrier opposed to the expenditure offerees [II 332] as
Bataille describes it. It is a fortified boundary, sealing out everything uncertain, irresolvable,
dissolvant, a sea-wall against the unknown, against death. This is a structure continuous with the
great land reclamation projects of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: a matter of drainage, rigorous separation of the wet and
the dry, eradication of marshes and ambiguous terrains, rigidification of the soil (the mosquitos and other stinging insects
that make the wilds of America so trying for the savages, may be so many goads to urge Fanged noumenon (passion of the
cyclone) 75 these primitive men to drain the marshes and bring light into the dense forests that shut out the air, and, by so
doing, as well as by the tillage of the soil, to render their abodes more sanitary [K X 328]). Such
terrestrialism
reaches its zenith in Prussias classic age; in the restriction of policy to continental
ambitions. It is thus characterized by a certain hardness; a certain deliberate blindness
towards death, as towards everything that flows freely like a wound.
level nature and industry are two separate and distinct things: from one
point of view, industry is the opposite of nature; from another, industry
extracts its raw materials from nature; from yet another, it returns its
refuse to nature; and so on. Even within society, this characteristic mannature, industry-nature, society-nature relationship is responsible for the
dis- tinction of relatively autonomous spheres that are called production,
distribution, consumption. But in general this entire level of distinctions, examined from
the point of view of its formal developed structures, presupposes (as Marx has
demonstrated) not only the existence of capital and the division of labor, but also the
false consciousness
that the capitalist being necessarily acquires, both of itself and of the
supposedly fixed elements within an over-all process. For the real truth of the matterthe
glaring, sober truth that resides in deliriumis that there is no such thing as relatively
independent spheres or circuits: production is immediately
consumption and a recording process (enregistrement*), without any sort of mediation, and
the recording process and consump- tion directly determine production, though they do so within the production process
itself. Hence everything
consummated, and these con- sumptions directly reproduced.+ This is the first meaning of process as we use the term:
incorporating recording and consumption within production itself, thus making them the productions of one and the same
process. Second, we
man become one within nature in the form of production or industry, just
as they do within the life of man as a species. Industry is then no longer considered from the extrinsic point of view of
4
utility, but rather from the point of view of its fundamental identity with nature as production of man and by man. Not
(human) man as the king of creation, but rather as the being who is in intimate contact with the profound life of all forms
or all types of beings, who is responsible for even the stars and animal life, and who ceaselessly plugs an organ-machine
into an energy-machine, a tree into his body, a breast into his mouth, the sun into his asshole: the eternal custodian of the
machines of the universe. This is the second meaning of process as we use the term: (human) man
and nature
are not like two opposite terms confronting each othernot even in
the sense of (polar) bipolar opposites within a relationship of
causation, ideation, or expression (cause and effect, subject and object, etc.); rather,
they are one and the same essential reality, the producer-product.
Production as process overtakes all idealistic categories and
constitutes a cycle whose relationship to desire is that of an immanent
principle. That is why desiring-production is the principal concern of a materialist psychiatry, which conceives of
and deals with the schizo as Homo natura. This will be the case, however, only on one condition, which in fact constitutes
the third meaning of process as we use the term: it must not be viewed as a goal or an end in itself, nor must it be confused
with an infinite perpetuation of itself. Putting an end to the process or prolonging it indefinitelywhich, strictly speaking,
is tantamount to ending it abruptly and prematurely is what creates the artificial schizophrenic found in mental
institutions: a limp rag forced into autistic behavior, produced as an entirely separate and independent entity. D. H.
Lawrence says of love: "We have pushed a process into a goal. The
journal Contre-Attaque and its project of radicalizing the Popular Frontis mapped in the labyrinth. The Contre-Attaque
mobilization into militant action against fascism, militarism, and capitalism, the Popular
Front in the Street [I 402], stumbles in a maze of composition and decomposition. War with Germany is a futility because
[t]he process of decomposition which has been slow during the course of the last war will begin in France from the
beginning of the next [I 330]. In his 1933 essay on The Psychological Structure of Fascism Bataille
outlines a
reemergent theological impulse in which the heterogeneous or decompositional element
is deployed paradoxically as an operator of social integration, tending to the fascist state
as a secularized divine order. The quasi-fascist undertow of his own politicized workwhich he laments in a
text from 1958has less to do with the exultation of violence, than with its concession to counter discipline: What decides
social destiny today is the organic creation of a vast composition of forces, disciplined, fanatical, capable of exercising an
vocabulary of such writings does not jar against the deep currents of his slide into the sacred, but its evaluative impulse is
almost wholly reactive; a tawdry Leninist voluntarism fixated upon control. I think of these 1930s texts as parodic, they
are humorous and lively, a definite advance upon the austere preachings so prevalent on the left. They are, in any case, at
best a joke. Who
even believe that in a sense my stories clearly attain the impossible [III 101], and that is why they
matter, why The Blue of Noon is of immeasurably greater importance than the Contre-Attaque posturings, why in contrast
to Sadewho sought an impossible freedom [IX 242]Lenin is a ranting dwarf.IMPOSSIBLE! she cried [IV 51], read
or work? it was impossible [IV 59]. The Hatred for Poetry, renamed The Impossible, exempts Baudelaire and Rimbaud
from the complacency of words that resign themselves to the cramped box of the possible. Insipid
lyricism vaunts
itself as another possible type of language, a type that is elevated, beautiful, ethereal.
True poetry is outside laws. But poetry, in the end, accepts poetry [III 218]. Bataille vomits, but the
poetry of Baudelaireor that of Rimbaudnever inspires that hatred in me [III 513], and from the start Batailles reading
of Nietzsche insists thatunlike
I said, "is bound to be lost in death, as a river loses itself in the sea, the known in
the unknown" ( Inner Experience). And death is the end life easily reaches (as water does sea
level). So why would I wish to turn my desire to be persuasive into a worry? I dissolve
into myself like the sea--and I know the roaring waters of the torrent head straight at me!
Whatever a judicious understanding sometimes seems to hide, an immense folly connected with it (understanding is only
an infinitesimal part of that folly), doesn't hesitate to give back. The
exhaust myself with efforts toward consciousness? I can only make fun of
myself as I write. (Why write even a phrase if laughter doesn't immediately join me?) It
goes without saying that, for the task, I bring to bear whatever rigor I have within me. But
the crumbling nature of thinking's awareness of itself and especially the certainty of thinking reaching its end only in
failing, hinder any repose and prevent the relaxed state that facilitates a rigorous disposition of things. Committed to the
casual stance--I think and express myself in the free play of hazard. Obviously, everyone in some way admits the
importance of hazard. But this recognition is as minimal and unconscious as possible.
Going my way
unconstrained, unhampered, I develop my thoughts, make choices with regard to
expression--but I don't have the control over myself that I want. And the actual dynamic
of my intelligence is equally uncontrollable. So that I owe to other dynamics--to lucky chance and to
fleeting moments of relaxation--the minimal order and relative learning that I do have. And the rest of the time . . . Thus,
as I see it my thought proceeds in harmony with its object, an object that it attains more and perfectly the greater the state
of its own ruin. Though it isn't necessarily conscious of this. At one and the same time my thinking must reach plenary
illumination and dissolution . . . In the same individual, thought must construct and destroy itself. And even that isn't
quite right. Even
in a sense, I was
another person, responding to other worries. Adapting one to the other remains possible,
but . . . This insufficiency bothers me no more than the insufficiency relating to the many
woes of the human condition generally. Humanness is related in us to nonsatisfaction, a nonsatisfaction to
which we yield without accepting it, though; we distance ourselves from humanness when we regard ourselves as satisfied
or when we give up searching for satisfaction. Sartre is right in relation to me to recall the myth of Sisyphus, though "in
relation to me" here equates to "in relation to humanity," I suppose. What
can be expected of us is to go as
far as possible and not to stop. What by contrast, humanly speaking, can be criticized are endeavors whose
only meaning is some relation to moments of completion. Is it possible for me to go further? I won't wait
to coordinate my efforts in that case--I'll go further. I'll take the risk. And the reader, free
not to venture after me, will often take advantage of that same freedom! The critics are right to
scent danger here! But let me in turn point out a greater danger, one that comes from
methods that, adequate only to an outcome of knowledge, confer on individuals whom
they limit a sheerly fragmentary existence--an existence that is mutilated with respect to
the whole that remains inaccessible. Having recognized this, I'll defend my position. I've spoken of
inner experience: my intention was to make known an object. But by proposing this
vague title, I didn't want to confine myself sheerly to inner facts of that experience. It's an
arbitrary procedure to reduce knowledge to what we get from our intuitions as subjects. This is something only a newborn
can do. And we ourselves (who write) can only know something about this newborn by observing it from outside (the child
is only our object). A
we reach the core of the being we are. A phenomenology of the developed mind assumes
a coincidence of subjective and objective aspects and at the same time a fusion of subject
and object. * [This is the fundamental requirement of Hegel's phenomenology. Clearly, instead of responding to it,
modern phenomenology, while replying to changing human thought, is only one moment among others: a sandcastle, a
mirage of sorts.] This means an isolated operation is admissible only because of fatigue (so, the explanation I gave of
laughter, because I was unable to develop a whole movement in tandem with a conjugation of the modalities of laughter
would be left suspended--since every theory of laughter is integrally a philosophy and, similarly, every integral philosophy
is a theory of laughter . . .). But that is the point--though
eighteenth century at least 1.2 million Bangladeshis have been killed by cyclones, as many as
half a million in the storm of 1970 alone. Cyclones are atmospheric machines that transform latent
energy into angular momentum in a feed-back process of potentially catastrophic
consequence. Their conditions of emergence are a warm water surface, a latitude of at least five or six degrees
deviation from the equator (such that the Coriolis effect is operative), a pronounced instability in the air column or a low
surface pressure, and the absence or virtual absence of wind shear. When
an
annihilation such as that of the cyclonein which all stability is washed away and loss
alone prevailsis not merely a disaster, but religion.
experience is a form of sacrifice. In his 1961 preface to the reedition of Guilty, Bataille described his
mysticism as "essentially internalized violence" [violence rentree] (BOC V, 493). For Bataille, the mystic is
the heir of the ancient sacrificial priest, a connection Bataille underscores by attributing Guilty to "Dianus," the criminal
priest-king of Frazer's Golden Bough (see above, chapter i). Mystical
visionary confrontation with one's own death provide the emotional force that fuels the
experience. In Guilty, Bataille makes this program explicit when he outlines his meditational method. "I am going
to say how I gained access to ecstasy so intense. On the wall of appearance, I projected
images of explosion, of laceration. [... ] Obscene, risible, funereal representations followed
one another. I imagined the depths of a volcano, war, my own death" (BOC V, 269). Turning "the
fury of sacrifice" against himself, the meditator is transformed into the pure violence of an inner
"combat": "I decided to attack myself [m'en prendre a moi-meme]. Seated on the edge of the bed, facing the
window and the night, I worked, struggled to become a combat. The fury to sacrifice, the fury of sacrifice opposed
each other in me like the teeth of two gears, if they snag at the moment when the drive shaft begins
to move" (250). In inner experience, sacrificial violence is sublimated but at the same time, Bataille
insists, radicalized. In the moment of mystical ecstasy, "I open my eyes on a world where I have
meaning only as wounded, lacerated, sacrificed, where in the same way divinity is only
laceration, putting to death, sacrifice" (BOC V, 282). The human being imitates and becomes
God in the gesture of self expenditure, in the "lama sabachtanrt" of pure abandonment, in the
spasm of spiritual death. Taking a cue from the Nietzsche of Beyond Good and Evil, the mystic kills God
in a mental ceremony of the "'final cruelty'" (152) in which the human subject (the sacrificer) is
sanctified and annihilated along with the (imaginary) divine "victim." "Laughter in tears.
The killing of God is a sacrifice that, making me tremble, nevertheless lets me laugh, for in it I
succumb no less than the victim" (178). Dying with God, the mystic becomes God, that is,
lays claim to an absolute sovereignty: the pure, tragic (and laughing) freedom imparted by
death. 2. The principle of the experience is infinite contestation. Bataille understands mystical practice as
a radical questioning not only of specific contents of knowledge, but of the fundamental
structures and operations that make claims to "knowledge" possible: including the
ordering structures of language and the coherent identity of the knowing subject. The
contestation or calling into question linked to the experience is not circumscribed, but all encompassing and interminable.
Inner experience corresponds to "the necessity where I am human existence along with me to
put everything at issue (call everything into question) with no rest allowed" (BOC V, 15). Dissolving
not "particular items of knowledge" [connaissances particulieres] but their underlying "ground,"
inner experience plunges into an "intolerable unknowing [nonsavoir]" in which "I grasp as I
fall that the only truth of man [... ] is to be a supplication without response" (2.5). Denying
all "existing values and authorities," the experience itself becomes "positively the value
and the authority" (BOC V, 19). But the authority residing in the experience is necessarily paradoxical:
"founded on questioning [sur la mise en question]," this authority is itself constituted by the
"questioning of authority." As a "positive questioning" it becomes the "authority of man
defining himself as the calling into question of himself [se definissant comme mise en question de luimeme]" (19, note i). With this paradox at its heart, inner experience reveals itself as the "site par
excellence" of the Bataillean "impossible."42 The experience defines the conflicted field of
a practice "in which the subject, putting himself into play, experiences his limits, that is to
say the beyond of his possible, 'to the point where death is laughable.' "43 In inner experience, "I
enter a dead end" in which "all possibility is exhausted, the possible slips away, and the
impossible rages [sevit]. To face the impossible exorbitant, indubitable when nothing is
possible any more is in my eyes to have an experience of the divine; it is analogous to
torture" (45).
A method or
an antimethod, the will to chance, a voyage into loss of control, this impossibility is the
desolate core of poetry, a space of slippage. To slip is not to plan, to work, to struggle. I
have a horror of all trades. Masters and workers, all peasants, ignoble. The hand at the
quill just as the hand at the plough [R 301]. Rimbaud confesses that he is lazier than a toad [R 3012],
without decency, an alien to the civilization of toil. I have never been of this people; I have never been a Christian; I am of
the race who sings under torture; I do not understand the laws, I am a beast: you fool yourselves [R 308]. An
explorer of the sacred, traversing wildernesses beyond piety or sense, charred by the
flame of the impossible, Rimbaud treads the edge of the maze, scraping away his tight
European skin. * * * I am of an inferior race to all eternity [R 304]. Religion. * The mobility peculiar to the
labyrinthreal cosmic motion or liquidationis not confined by the scales, instead it finds a shaft of facilitation passing
from one to another, a slippage (glissement), the full consequence of which is an illimitable dispersion across the strata:
communication through death. A
To write is
to investigate chance [VI 69], but the explosive excess that breaks in a black foam of
poetry is not merely a risk, because risk implies the possibility of a benign outcome. It is
a ruin without limits [III 75], the submission of man to [blank] [II 247]. Excess is
venom.