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dead
decomposer
organisms
plants
ecosystem
producers
is a community of plants and animals that live, feed, reproduce and interact
in the same area. Plants that make their own food are known as
. Consumers are
plants or other organisms. An animal that eats plant material only is known as a
while an omnivore eats both
and animals. A food
more
food
and animals. A
that feed on
, a carnivore eats
plants
consists of organisms laid out in the order in which one is eaten by the other. Two or
B.
CONSERVATION
acid
buildings
destruction
dispose
environment
farmland
landfill
management
pesticides
plastic
reducing
slurry
Conservation is the protection and
fish
fossil
water
fuels
pollution.
rain.
, fertilizers and acid rain.
, sewage,
and litter.
.
of our waste safely. The main ways of disposing waste are
recycling. Humans can have a negative effect on the environment by pollution, habitat
burning of fossil
bags and
and excess
C.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Animals
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
dioxide
energy
food
Glucose
maximum
oxygen
photosynthesis
roots
stomata
stored
thin
leaves
water
live
.
on the planet originally comes from the sun.
The three things needed for photosynthesis to occur are light, carbon dioxide and
Chloroplasts are found in plants and contain
traps light form the sun and uses it to combine carbon dioxide and water.
formed from this reaction. Glucose is
cannot make their own food, so photosynthesis is an important process. Without it, we could not
CHEMISTRY
A.
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
boiling
chemically
Chromatography
Decanting
evaporation
liquid
miscible
mixture
solid
Soluble
solvent
A
filter
insoluble
combined.
may be used to
into a separate
paper.
solids may be evaporated from a solution by
where heating evaporates the liquid
leaving the solid behind. When the liquid is also needed, distillation is used to separate the soluble solid from the
solvent. Two
points.
in chromatography
paper.
B.
STATES OF MATTER
compress
Condensation
Melting
random
shape
container
Diffusion
solid
temperature
flow
three
. There are
gases
liquid
volume
mass
. In a solid the particles are packed together in a regular structure with a fixed
. Solids
and can flow. Gas particles are very far apart with no regular
motion. Gases have no definite shape, no definite volume, easy to compress
.
point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. Boiling point is the
at
C.
ATOMIC NUMBER
atomic
atomic number
electrons
Neutrons
nucleus
one
proton
An atom is the smallest part of an
basic particles, the
of the atom.
element
protons
mass
three
mass number
which still retains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of
, neutron and the electron. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the
have no charge, and are also to be found in the nucleus. Electrons have a
charge and are found orbiting around the nucleus. Protons and neutrons have a mass of
(a.m.u.). Electrons have a much smaller
number of protons in the same atom. The
atom of that element. The
. The number of
in an
of an atom is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in that
D.
(I)
negative
Salt crystals were seen when all of the water had evaporated.
The salt and water were mixed in a beaker.
The evaporating basin was heated over a bunsen burner.
The solution was poured into an evaporating basin.
When almost all of the water had evaporated, the evaporating basin was removed from the heat.
The water in the mixture evaporated and passed through the condenser.
The water (distillate) was collected in the conical flask.
Salt was seen to form in the flask.
The sample of sea water was placed into a flask.
The tap was turned on and water flowed through the condenser.
The flask was heated to the boiling point of the mixture.
The flask was set up as shown in the diagram.