For

Examiners
Use

13
8

(a) Define diffusion.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an apparatus that was set up to investigate diffusion.
cork

cotton wool
soaked in ammonium hydroxide

cork

pieces of damp
red litmus paper
at 2 cm intervals
Fig. 8.1

Question 8 continues on page 14.

UCLES 2004

0610/02/O/N/04

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14
Fig. 8.2 shows the results for two samples of ammonium hydroxide that were
investigated.

For
Examiners
Use

70

60

50
time for
litmus
to go
blue / s 40

Sample A

30

20

Sample B
10

0
0

10

distance along tube / cm

Fig. 8.2

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12

14

16

15
Table 8.1 gives data for a third sample, C, of ammonium hydroxide that was
investigated.

For
Examiners
Use

Table 8.1
distance of red litmus
paper along tube / cm

time for red litmus

paper to go blue / s

10

15

21

10

25

12

29

14

35

16

41

(i)

Plot the data in Table 8.1 on Fig. 8.2.

(ii)

Suggest what has caused the litmus paper to go blue.

[3]

...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)

State which sample of ammonium hydroxide took longest to travel 10 cm along the
tube.
...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iv)

What can you suggest about the concentration of sample C? Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

16
(c) Fig. 8.3 shows an alveolus and an associated blood capillary.

air entering
and leaving

blood flow

X
blood flow

Z
Y

Fig. 8.3
(i)

Suggest at which point, X, Y or Z, the rate of diffusion of carbon dioxide will be

highest.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

The bronchi and bronchioles are lined with ciliated epithelium tissue and a thin
layer of mucus. Describe the role of the cilia and mucus.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 12]

Every reasonable effort has been made to trace all copyright holders where the publishers (i.e. UCLES) are aware that third-party material has been reproduced.
The publishers would be pleased to hear from anyone whose rights they have unwittingly infringed.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2004

0610/02/O/N/04

For
Examiner's
Use

Select from the list the name of the group of animals that best fits each description.
Write your choice in Table 1.1.
arachnid

bird

mammal

crustacean
mollusc

insect
nematode

Table 1.1
description of animal

group

a hard exoskeleton and more than 4

pairs of legs
a hard shell and a slimy muscular
foot
one pair of wings and a beak
one pair of wings and has skin
covered with fur
two pairs of wings and one pair of
antennae
[5]
[Total: 5]

UCLES 2005

0610/02/O/N/05

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus used in an investigation.

fresh water shrimp

black box to
exclude light
A

sunlight

sunlight

hydrogencarbonate
indicator (pink/red
at start)
pond
weed

Fig. 4.1
Complete Table 4.1 to show whether photosynthesis and respiration are happening in
each tube.
Table 4.1
tube

contents and conditions

pond weed in dark

pond weed in bright light

C
D

photosynthesis
happening

respiration
happening

fresh water shrimp in

dark
fresh water shrimp in
bright light
[4]

UCLES 2005

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9
(b) Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes colour according to the pH of the contents of
each tube, as shown in the pH chart in Fig. 4.2.

For
Examiner's
Use

pH
7

golden yellow

pink/red

14

purple

colour of hydrogencarbonate indicator

Fig. 4.2
The apparatus, shown in Fig. 4.1, was left for several hours.
(i) Complete Table 4.2 by predicting the colour of the indicator in each of the four
tubes.
Table 4.2
tube

contents and conditions

pond weed in dark

pond weed in bright light

fresh water shrimp in dark

fresh water shrimp in bright light

colour of hydrogencarbonate
indicator after several hours

[2]
(ii) Explain your predictions, stated in Table 4.2, for the colours of the
hydrogencarbonate indicator in each of the tubes.

[4]
[Total: 10]

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14

Fig. 7.1 shows the heart rate and the cardiac output. The cardiac output is the volume of
blood pumped out of the heart each minute.

15

13

11
cardiac
output /
dm3 per
minute

3
40

60

80

120

100

140

heart rate / beats per minute

Fig. 7.1
(a) (i) What is the cardiac output at a heart rate of 100 beats per minute?
[1]
(ii) Determine the increase in cardiac output when the heart rate increases from 70 to
90 beats per minute
dm3 per minute

[1]

(iii) Determine the increase in cardiac output when the heart rate increases from 100 to
120 beats per minute.
dm3 per minute

UCLES 2005

0610/02/O/N/05

[1]

For
Examiner's
Use

15

For
Examiner's
Use

(b) (i) Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?
[1]
(ii) The upper and lower chambers on each side of the heart are separated by valves.
State the function of these valves.

[1]
[Total: 5]

UCLES 2005

0610/02/O/N/05

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12
6

Fig. 6.1 shows the teeth in the lower jaw of an adult human.

For
Examiner's
Use

Z
Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Name the teeth labelled X, Y and Z.

X
Y
Z

[3]

(ii) Describe the functions of teeth X and Z.

X

Z
[2]

(b) Name one mineral and one vitamin that are essential for the healthy development of
teeth.
mineral
vitamin

UCLES 2006

[2]

0610/02/O/N/06

13
(c) Fig. 6.2 shows a section through a tooth.

For
Examiner's
Use

dentine
gum

Fig. 6.2

(i) Tooth decay is caused by bacteria getting into the dentine. Explain how bacteria
can enter the dentine.

[3]
(ii) List three actions you could take to reduce the risk of tooth decay.
1

3
[3]
[Total: 13]

UCLES 2006

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14
7

(a) Describe two ways in which arteries differ in structure from veins.

For
Examiner's
Use

2
[2]

(b) (i) Name the artery that carries blood with a low oxygen concentration.
[1]
(ii) State in which organ urea is added to the blood and in which organ it is removed
from the blood.
urea added to blood
urea removed from blood

[2]

(c) (i) State how many times a red blood cell must pass through the heart when it travels
from the lungs and returns to the lungs.
[1]
(ii) The heart beats more than 100 000 times every day. It is vital that the heart
remains healthy.
List three ways of keeping your heart healthy.
1

3
[3]
[Total: 9]

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18
9

Fig. 9.1 shows an alveolus in which gaseous exchange takes place.

For
Examiner's
Use

wall of alveolus

capillary
wall

red blood cells

oxygen
diffuses
into blood

Fig. 9.1

(a) (i) Define the term diffusion.

[2]
(ii) State what causes oxygen to diffuse into the blood from the alveoli.

[1]
(iii) List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces in animals, such as humans.
1

3
[3]

UCLES 2006

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19
(b) (i) At high altitudes there is less oxygen in the air than at sea level.
Suggest how this might affect the uptake of oxygen in the alveoli.

For
Examiner's
Use

[2]
(ii) In the past some athletes have cheated by injecting themselves with extra red
blood cells before a major competition.
Predict how this increase in red blood cells might affect their performance.

[2]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2006

0610/02/O/N/06

For
Examiners
Use

2
1

Fig. 1.1 shows six different fish.

Fig. 1.1

0610/2/O/N/02

3
Use the key below to identify each fish. Write the name of each fish in the correct box of
Table 1.1. As you work through the key, tick the boxes in Table 1.1. to show how you
identified each fish. Fish A has been identified for you as an example.

For
Examiners
Use

Key
name of fish
1

(a) No gill slits visible

(b) Five gill slits visible

2
3

(a) Body about 7 times as long as deep

(b) Body about 2 times as long as deep

4
5

(a) Eye above front end of mouth

(b) Eye above back edge of mouth

Basking Shark
Greenland Shark

(a) One fin along back

(b) Two fins along back

Bearded Rockling
Hake

(a) Back fin with short spines

(b) Back fin with long spines

Sea Bream
John Dory

Table 1.1

fish
A

1(a)

1(b)

2(a)

2(b)

3(a)

3(b)

4(a)

4(b)

5(a)

5(b)

name of fish
Basking Shark

B
C
D
E
F
[Total : 5]

0610/2/O/N/02

[Turn over

For
Examiners
Use

4
2

(a) The heart pumps blood around the body.

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the brain?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The volume of blood pumped to the lungs per minute, the cardiac output, depends on
the heart rate and the volume of blood pumped at each beat, the stroke volume.
Table 2.1 shows data for untrained and trained persons at rest and after maximum
exercise.
Table 2.1
heart rate
(beats per minute)

stroke volume
(dm3)

cardiac output
(dm3 per minute)

untrained person
at rest

75

0.070

trained person
at rest

50

0.105

untrained person
after maximum exercise

195

0.110

21.45

trained person
after maximum exercise

180

0.165

29.70

(i)

Calculate the cardiac output for the untrained and trained persons at rest.
Record your answers in Table 2.1.

(ii)

[2]

Compare the data for the untrained and trained persons at rest.
State two effects that training has on the activity of the heart.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii)

Use the data to compare the effect of maximum exercise on trained and untrained
persons.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

0610/2/O/N/02

For
Examiners
Use

5
(iv)

Suggest how the heart itself benefits from training.

...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Explain why the body needs a higher cardiac output during exercise.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total : 12]

When water from treated sewage is released into a river, it can have the same effect as the
release of excess fertilisers.
(a) Suggest why the water from treated sewage can have this effect.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Describe and explain what might occur to the organisms in the river as the result of
such pollution.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [5]
[Total : 7]

0610/2/O/N/02

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10
6

Fig. 6.1 shows a section through a leaf.

For
Examiner's
Use

Fig. 6.1

(a) Name the parts of the leaf labelled A and B.

A
B

[2]

(b) One function of a leaf is gaseous exchange.

(i) Name the process by which gases move in or out of a leaf.
[1]

(ii) On Fig. 6.1 label the stoma.

[1]

UCLES 2007

0610/02/O/N/07

11
(iii) Complete Table 6.1 by placing a tick (
) in the appropriate column to show the
movement of gases or vapour through open stomata on a sunny, dry day. Give a
reason for each of your answers.

For
Examiner's
Use

Table 6.1
movement of gas or vapour
into leaf

out of leaf

none

reason for
movement of gas
or vapour

carbon dioxide

oxygen

water vapour

[3]
(iv) Suggest how the movement of water vapour might be different if it was raining.
[1]

(c) The vascular bundle delivers water to replace water lost by the leaf. On Fig. 6.1 name
and label the tissue in the vascular bundle that does this.
[2]
[Total: 10]

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12
7

(a) Describe how alcohol is produced by respiration of microorganisms during brewing.

For
Examiner's
Use

[3]

(b) Describe the possible effects that alcohol has on the human body.

[3]
[Total: 6]

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13
8

(a) Fig. 8.1 shows a section through the heart.

For
Examiner's
Use

Fig. 8.1

(i) Name the two blood vessels labelled A and B.

A
B

[2]

(ii) Name valve C and state its function.

name
function
[2]

UCLES 2007

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14
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the volume of oxygenated blood pumped out of the left ventricle per
minute when the body is at rest and during exercise.

14
12
10
volume of blood
pumped by left ventricle
/ dm3 per minute

8
6
4
2

time
period of
exercise
Fig. 8.2
(i) What is the maximum increase in the volume of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle during exercise?
[1]

(ii) Explain the advantages of this increased flow of blood during exercise.

[4]

UCLES 2007

0610/02/O/N/07

For
Examiner's
Use

15
(c) Fig. 8.3 shows an external view of the heart.

For
Examiner's
Use

coronary artery

Fig. 8.3
(i) If the coronary artery becomes blocked at X, suggest what the effect would be on
the heart.

[2]

(ii) State two ways in which the risk of such a blockage could be reduced.
1.

2.
[2]
[Total: 13]

UCLES 2007

0610/02/O/N/07

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16
9

Fig. 9.1 shows the digestive system.

For
Examiner's
Use

A
B

G
C
D

Fig. 9.1

UCLES 2007

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17
(a) Complete the following statements by selecting the appropriate letter from Fig. 9.1.

For
Examiner's
Use

(i) Egestion happens at

[1]

(ii) Pancreatic juice is formed at

[1]

(iii) Villi are present at

[1]

(iv) Bile is stored at

[1]

(b) The stomach produces hydrochloric acid as well as enzymes. State two functions of
this acid in the stomach.
1

2
[2]

(c) Describe the roles of the liver in digestion and assimilation.

[3]
[Total: 9]

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14
9

(a) Fig. 9.1 shows a root hair cell.

For
Examiner's
Use

cell wall
Y

nucleus

Fig. 9.1

(i) Name the following parts of the cell.

Y
Z

[2]

(ii) The function of this cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.
Describe one feature shown in the diagram, that is an adaptation for this function.

[1]
(iii) State two features of this plant cell that would not be present in a typical animal
cell, such as a liver cell.
1.

2.
[2]

(b) (i) State what is meant by the term osmosis.

[3]
UCLES 2008

0610/02/O/N/08

15

(ii)

For
Examiner's
Use

Explain how this process applies to the uptake of water by this cell.

[2]
[Total: 10]

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16
10 (a) Transport in plants occurs through the vascular bundles.

For
Examiner's
Use

Describe the role of phloem and xylem tissue in transport in a plant stem.
phloem

xylem

[4]

(b) Transport in mammals is through the system of arteries and veins.

Describe and explain the differences between the structure of arteries and veins.

[4]
[Total: 8]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2008

0610/02/O/N/08

2
1

Vertebrates can be classified by their external features.

For
Examiner's
Use

Complete the paragraph by using the name of a vertebrate class in each space.

Some vertebrates have scales all over their skin. If they also have nostrils that allow air
into their lungs and two pairs of legs they are

Some vertebrates have wings. If their body is also covered in feathers they are
, but if their body has fur they are

Vertebrates that do not have feathers, fur or scales on the outside of their body are
.

[4]
[Total: 4]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

3
2

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a partly completed diagram of a palisade cell.

For
Examiner's
Use

cell membrane

chloroplasts

Fig. 2.1

Complete the diagram to show the other major components of this cell.
Label all the components that you have added to Fig. 2.1.

[4]

(b) State precisely where palisade cells are found in a plant.

[2]
[Total: 6]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

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4
3

(a) Micronutrients are food materials that are only needed in very small quantities in the
human diet.
Draw one straight line from each micronutrient to its deficiency symptom.

micronutrient

deficiency symptom

calcium

anaemia

vitamin C
rickets
vitamin D
scurvy

iron

[4]

(b) Explain how iron, in the diet of humans, is used in the body.

[3]
[Total: 7]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

For
Examiner's
Use

5
4

(a) Enzyme activity is vital in human digestion.

For
Examiner's
Use

Complete Table 4.1 by choosing appropriate words from the list.

amino acids
hydrochloric acid

amylase
lipase

cellulose
protein

fatty acids

starch

water

Table 4.1
substrate

enzyme

fat

product
glycerol +

protease

maltose

[6]

(b) Maltose is changed into glucose.

(i) Which part of the blood carries glucose?
[1]

(ii) Which process, happening in all living cells, needs a constant supply of glucose?
[1]
(iii) Excess glucose is stored. Which carbohydrate is glucose changed into
for storage?
[1]
(iv) Which organ is the main store of this carbohydrate?
[1]
(v) Name a hormone that causes glucose to be released from storage.
[1]
[Total: 11]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

[Turn over

12
8

Gaseous exchange takes place while air flows in and out of the lungs.

For
Examiner's
Use

(a) State three ways in which inspired air is different from expired air.
1.

2.

3.
[3]

(b) List three features of gaseous exchange surfaces that help to make them more
efficient.
1.

2.

3.
[3]

[Total: 6]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

13
9

(a) (i) Define osmosis.

For
Examiner's
Use

[3]

(ii) Osmosis is considered by many scientists to be a form of diffusion.

Suggest two ways in which diffusion is different from osmosis.
1.

2.
[2]

(b) (i) Explain how root hair cells use osmosis to take up water.

[2]

(ii) The land on which a cereal crop is growing is flooded by sea water.
Suggest the effect sea water could have on the cereal plants.

[4]

[Total: 11]

UCLES 2009

0610/02/O/N/09

[Turn over

2
1

(a) Fig. 1.1 shows a mammal.

For
Examiner's
Use

Fig. 1.1
Describe two external features that occur in mammals but do not occur in other
vertebrates.
1.

2.
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows an arthropod.

Fig. 1.2
Describe two external features that occur in all arthropods.
1.

2.
[2]
[Total: 4]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

4
3

Fig. 3.1 shows a section through the heart.

semilunar
valve

For
Examiner's
Use

tricuspid
valve
A

Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) Name the chamber of the heart labelled D.
[1]
(ii) State which of the chambers, A to D, contain deoxygenated blood.
[1]

(b) The pulmonary blood vessels carry blood into and away from the heart.
Complete Table 3.1 to give three differences between the pulmonary artery and the
pulmonary vein.
Table 3.1
pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

1
2
3
[3]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

5
(c) (i) State the function of the valves within the heart.
[1]

For
Examiner's
Use

(ii) Suggest what causes the tricuspid valve to open.

[2]
(iii) Suggest why it is important that when the semilunar valves are open, the tricuspid
and bicuspid valves are closed.

[2]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

[Turn over

6
4

Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a leaf.

For
Examiner's
Use

Fig. 4.1
(a) On Fig. 4.1, label a stoma, the cuticle and a vascular bundle.
Use label lines and the words stoma, cuticle and vascular bundle on Fig. 4.1.

[3]

(b) (i) The upper layers of a leaf are transparent. Suggest an advantage to a plant of this
feature.

[1]
(ii) The cuticle is made of a waxy material. Suggest an advantage to a plant of this
feature.

[1]
(iii) State two functions of vascular bundles in leaves.
1.

2.
[2]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

7
(c) Most photosynthesis in plants happens in leaves.

For
Examiner's
Use

(i) Name the two raw materials needed for photosynthesis.

1.
2.

[2]

(ii) Photosynthesis produces glucose.

Describe how plants make use of this glucose.

[3]

[Total: 12]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

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8
5

(a) (i) In the box, state the word equation for aerobic respiration.

For
Examiner's
Use

[2]
(ii) Complete Table 5.1 to show three differences between aerobic respiration and
anaerobic respiration in humans.
Table 5.1
aerobic respiration
in humans

anaerobic respiration
in humans

[3]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

9
(b) Yeast is used in making some types of bread and in brewing.

For
Examiner's
Use

(i) Explain the role of yeast in bread making.

[3]
(ii) Explain the role of yeast in brewing.

[2]
[Total: 10]

UCLES 2010

0610/21/O/N/10

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12
8

Fig. 8.1 shows an apparatus used in an investigation into transpiration. The cylinders were
set up and left in the same conditions for 24 hours.

100

100

original
level
final
level

50

cm3

50

cm3
A

B
Fig. 8.1

(a) The drop in the level of water in the cylinders is taken as a measure of the rate of
transpiration.
(i)

Complete Table 8.1.

Table 8.1
water volume (cm3)
cylinder A

cylinder B

original volume
final volume
[2]

0610/2/O/N/02

For
Examiners
Use

13
(ii)

Which variable could account for the differences in the results for cylinders A
and B?

For
Examiners
Use

...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)

Suggest a modification you could make to ensure that all the water lost from the
cylinders is taken up by the shoots.
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State three environmental factors that can affect the rate of transpiration.
1.

...................................................................................................................................

2.

...................................................................................................................................

3.

.............................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total : 7]

0610/2/O/N/02

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For
Examiners
Use

14
9

(a) Proteins are digested in the stomach and small intestine.

(i)

Which type of enzyme breaks down proteins?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

State how the conditions necessary for the digestion of proteins in the stomach are
different from those in the small intestine.
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) When carbohydrates have been digested, excess glucose is stored.

(i)

Where is it stored?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

What is it stored as?

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Excess amino acids cannot be stored.

Describe how they are removed from the body.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total : 8]

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3
1

Fig. 1.1 shows a crab that is a member of the arthropod group.

For
Examiner's
Use

carapace

Fig. 1.1
Crabs have a hard shell (carapace) that covers the head and thorax.
The abdomen is often folded under the body below the carapace.
All crabs have five pairs of legs.
(a) To which group of arthropods does the crab belong?
Tick (
) one box to show your answer.

arachnids
crustaceans
insects
myriapods
[1]

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4
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows five crabs.

Fig. 1.2

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For
Examiner's
Use

5
Use the key to identify each of the crabs.

For
Examiner's
Use

Write the name of each crab in the correct box in Table 1.1.
Key
name of crab
1 (a) abdomen folded under carapace
(b) abdomen tucked inside mollusc shell

go to 2
Eupagurus

2 (a) all legs are thin

(b) front pair of legs is much wider than the rest

go to 4
go to 3

3 (a) front edge of carapace has sharp, jagged points

(b) front edge of carapace is smooth

Carcinus
Cancer

4 (a) front edge of carapace comes to a long, sharp point

(b) front edge of carapace has lots of short points

Corystes
Maia

Table 1.1
crab

name of crab

A
B
C
D
E
[4]
[Total: 5]

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7
2

(a) The human circulatory system contains valves.

For
Examiner's
Use

(i) State the function of these valves.

[1]
(ii) Complete Table 2.1 by placing a tick (
) against two structures in the human
circulatory system that have valves.
Table 2.1
structure in circulatory system

have valves

arteries
capillaries
heart
veins
[1]

(b) Describe how you could measure the heart rates of some students before they start
running.

[2]

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8
(c) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an investigation of the heart rates of some students before
and immediately after running.
Each student ran the same distance.

150
before running
140

immediately after
running

130

120

110
heart
rate /
beats
per
minute

100

90

80

70

60

50
female 1

female 2

female 3

male 1

students
Fig. 2.1

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male 2

male 3

For
Examiner's
Use

9
(i) State which student has the lowest heart rate immediately after running.
[1]

For
Examiner's
Use

(ii) State which student has the largest change in heart rate from before to
immediately after running.
[1]
(iii) Describe any trends that you can see in the results.

[2]

(d) Explain why heart rate changes when you run.

[4]
[Total: 12]

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17
(a) (i) The data for water uptake have been plotted on the grid below.

For
Examiner's
Use

Plot the data for water loss on the same grid. Label both curves.

30

20
water
uptake
or
loss / g
per hour
10

0
0000

0400

0800

1200

1600

2000

2400

time / hours
[4]
(ii) State the two times at which the uptake and loss of water were the same.
[1]

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18
(b) Explain how a decrease in temperature and humidity would affect the water loss by
this plant.
(i)

temperature

[2]
(ii)

humidity

[2]
[Total: 9]

Explain how the use of chemical fertilisers has increased food production in farming.

[4]
[Total: 4]

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For
Examiner's
Use

19
8

Reproduction in humans is an example of sexual reproduction.

For
Examiner's
Use

Outline what occurs during:

(a) sexual intercourse,

[2]

(b) fertilisation,

[3]

(c) implantation.

[2]
[Total: 7]

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20
9

Fig. 9.1 shows the human digestive system and associated organs.

For
Examiner's
Use

A
B

D
E

F
G

Fig. 9.1

(a) Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to identify the structures described.
Each letter may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(i) One structure where digestion of protein occurs.

(ii) One structure where bile is stored.

(iii) One structure where peristalsis happens.

(iv) One structure where starch digestion occurs.

(v) One structure where amino acids are absorbed into the blood.
[5]

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21
(b) State two functions of each of the structures labelled C and E on Fig. 9.1.

For
Examiner's
Use

(i) structure C
1
2

[2]

(ii) structure E
1
2

[2]
[Total: 9]

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2
1

Fig. 1.1 shows six arthropods.

F
Fig. 1.1

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3
Use the key below to identify each of these arthropods. Write the name of each arthropod in
the correct box in Table 1.1.

For
Examiners
Use

name of arthropod
1

arthropods with three pairs of legs

arthropods with four or more pairs of legs

go to 2
go to 3

arthropods with one pair of wings

arthropods with two pairs of wings

Musca
Anax

arthropods with pincers at the front end of body

arthropods without pincers at front end of body

go to 4
go to 5

arthropods with tail held above body

arthropods with tail tucked under body, not visible

Buthus
Cancer

arthropods with four pairs of legs

arthropods with more than four pairs of legs

Aranea
Pandalina

Table 1.1
arthropod picture

name of arthropod

A
B
C
D
E
F
[4]
[Total : 4]

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8
6

A mixture of vegetable oil, an enzyme and a pH indicator was put into a test-tube. The tube
was incubated at 35 C and the colour of the mixture was recorded at 5 minute intervals. The
indicator changes from blue to yellow at pH 5 or less.
The investigation was repeated at other temperatures and the results are shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1
incubation temperature in C

time in
minutes

15

25

35

45

55

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

blue

10

blue

blue

blue

yellow

blue

blue

15

blue

blue

yellow

yellow

blue

blue

20

blue

yellow

yellow

yellow

yellow

blue

25

blue

yellow

yellow

yellow

yellow

blue

(a) (i)

Name the enzyme that digests the vegetable oil.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

State the end products of oil digestion.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii)

Suggest how these end products cause the change in colour of the indicator.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Explain the difference in results between the tubes incubated at 15 C and 35 C.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

9
(c) (i)

After 25 minutes, the tubes originally incubated at 5 C and 55 C were then

incubated at 30 C for a further 20 minutes.

For
Examiners
Use

Suggest what the final colour would be in each of these tubes by completing
Table 6.2.
Table 6.2
result after 25 minutes at
original temperature
tube originally at
5 C

blue

tube originally at
55 C

blue

result after a further

20 minutes at 30 C

[2]
(ii)

Explain these likely results.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
[Total : 12]

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For
Examiners
Use

10
7

(a) Fig. 7.1 shows a section through the heart.

X

semilunar
valve

tricuspid
valve

Fig. 7.1
(i)

Identify the blood vessels X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................
Y ...........................................................................................................................[2]

(ii)

What is the function of the valves within the heart?

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii)

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]

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11
(b) Table 7.1 shows the relative pressures in the chambers and associated blood vessels
on the right side of the heart.

For
Examiners
Use

Table 7.1
relative pressure of blood
in arbitrary units

(i)

vena cava

right atrium filling

right atrium emptying

right ventricle filling

right ventricle emptying

pulmonary artery

Complete Table 7.2 to show whether the valves are open or closed during the
events shown.
Table 7.2
valves open or closed
event

tricuspid

semilunar

right ventricle filling

right ventricle emptying
[2]
(ii)

Explain how data in Table 7.1 supports your answers in Table 7.2, for each of the
valves when the right ventricle is filling.
tricuspid valve ...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
semilunar valve .........................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 9]

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2
1

Use the dichotomous key, Fig. 1.1, to identify the five vertebrate groups, A, B, C, D and E.
Complete Table 1.1.
Animals with backbones

Adults without fins

and gills

Adults with fins

and gills A

Lay eggs with

shells

Have a leathery
skin B

Do not lay eggs

with shells

Have skin with

feathers C

Have skin with

fur D

Have a naked
skin E

Fig. 1.1

Table 1.1
letter in key

name of vertebrate group

A
B
C
D
E

[4]
[Total: 4]

UCLES 2004

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For
Examiners
Use

For
Examiners
Use

6
4

Photosynthesis is a vital process in plants.

(a) Write an equation for photosynthesis using either words or chemical symbols.
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) (i)

State where in a leaf cell photosynthesis occurs. .................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

Complete this sentence.

During photosynthesis ..................... energy is changed to ..................... energy. [2]

(c) The main product of photosynthesis can be converted into other chemicals.
Complete the table.
Use of main product of
photosynthesis

Name of chemical it is
converted into

Storage in leaf cells

To make plant cell walls

[2]
(d) The formation of new cells in the roots requires materials formed in the leaves.
Describe how these materials reach the roots from the leaves.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]

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