FINALS

Reference: Catechism of the Catholic Church

1. Sin and conversion
2. Virtues and values
3. The Decalogue (ten commandments)

The Kingdom of God

-shows how Christ treat each and every creation
-manifestation of love and charity without any
condition in different status (rich, poor, evil
doer or saintly)
-No one is isolated from Gods love- He will
provide when we need it the most
-we are invited to share the passion, death and
resurrection of Christ
All of us are men who participate in the glory
of the resurrected Christ
-if we live out the beatitudes, we will participate
in the blessings when Jesus Christ suffered, died
and was resurrected.
The Beatitudes
-Charters of the Kingdom of God- what are
expected from the people who are part of the
Kingdom of God to possess
-squarely and justly
-characteristics you must contain to have a
personal relationship with Christ
1. Poor in Spirit- theirs is the Kingdom of
God
-sinners
- for those who lose their paths
-isolated-who needs most in complying
-murderers, rebels
spiritual poverty
-the Kingdom is not discriminative, rather, it is
inclusive of every one
Parable of lost sheep- Divine attitudeeven if we have forgotten our duties
and responsibilities as children of God,

Jesus will not take us for granted,

instead, He will do anything to look for
the lost sheep
Parable of the forgiving father (Prodigal
son)- in spite of the things that we
made against Him (rebellion, doing
selfish desires, etc), the Father is always
awaiting for our return

2. Pure in heart- they will see God

-sinners who acknowledge their sins
and repent (cleansing and purifying of
the soul) are those who have pure
hearts and they will be rewarded with
beatific vision

3. Merciful- they will receive mercy

-the weight of ones sins shall not be
the basis for judgment. We shall always
be open to help other people instead of
the normal mindset of blaming them
- Mercy can be given through gracecapable of extending time, knowledge,
and effort to those in need
-Nursing- you are able to perform
assisted to the needy
How can you hug/kiss those who are sick?
Because what I see in them is Christ in
a disgustful disguise- Mother Theresa of
Calcutta
*Nakuha ko lang sa net yung mga nasa blue font
color
"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of
heaven."
"Poor in spirit" means to be humble. Humility is the realization
that all your gifts and blessings come from the grace of God. To
have poverty of spirit means to be completely empty and open to
the Word of God. When we are an empty cup and devoid of pride,
we are humble. Humility brings an openness and an inner peace,
allowing one to do the will of God. He who humbles himself is
able to accept our frail nature, to repent, and to allow the grace of
God to lead us to Conversion.
It is pride, the opposite of humility, that brings misery. For pride
brings anger and the seeking of revenge, especially when one is
offended. If every man were humble and poor in spirit, there

would be no war!

submission to the will of God are certainly not in vogue these

days, but they will bring one peace in this world and in the next.

"Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted."

If we are humble and appreciate that all of our gifts and blessings
come from God, we grow in love and gratitude for Jesus Christ our
Savior. But this can only produce mourning and regret over our
own sins and the sins of this world, for we have hurt the one who
has been so good to us. One also mourns for the suffering of
others.
St. Gregory describes another reason to mourn: the more one
ascends in meditation of Divine Truth, Beauty, and Goodness, and
then realize the poverty of human nature, man can only be left in
sorrow. When one contemplates that we were made in the image
and likeness of God and lived in Paradise, the Garden of Eden, and
compare that to our present state after the Fall, one can only
mourn our present condition. But the sentence continues
that they shall be comforted, by the Comforter, the Holy Spirit,
and hopefully one day in the Kingdom of Heaven.
Mourning in this context is called a blessing, because mourning
our fallen nature creates in us a desire to improve ourselves and
to do what is right!

"Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth."
St. Gregory of Nyssa taught that the Beatitudes build one upon
another. A humble person becomes meek, or becomes gentle and
kind, and exhibits a docility of spirit, even in the face of adversity
and hardship. A person that is meek is one that exhibits selfcontrol. St. Augustine advises us to be meek in the face of the
Lord, and not resist but be obedient to him. Obedience and
The Corporal Works of Mercy
1 Feed the Hungry
2 Give drink to the thirsty
3 Clothe the naked
4 Shelter the homeless
5 Comfort the imprisoned
6 Visit the sick
7 Bury the dead

"Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for
they shall be satisfied."
A continuous desire for justice and moral perfection will lead one
to a fulfillment of that desire - a transition and conversion to
holiness. This is true for all the virtues - if you hunger and thirst
for temperance, you will head towards the goal you have in mind.
St. Augustine called the Beatitudes the ideal for every Christian
life! In his discourse on the Lord's Sermon on the Mount, he noted
the correspondence of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit and their
necessity in fulfilling the Beatitudes. For example, one must have
the gift of fortitude so one may be courageous in seeking justice.

"Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy."

Mercy is the loving disposition towards those who suffer
distress. Love, compassion, and forgiveness towards one's
neighbor will bring peace in your relationships. We say in
the Lord's Prayer: Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those
who trespass against us. As we are merciful to others, so our
Heavenly Father will be merciful with us! Jesus reminds us that
whatever "you did to the least of my brethren, you did it to me
(Matthew 25:31-46)." St. Paul calls for the obedience of faith in
the beginning and end of his Letter to the Romans (1:5, 16:25-27).
The following are ways to be merciful to your neighbor, as well as
obedient in faith to Christ our Savior.

The Spiritual Works of Mercy

1 Admonish sinners
2 Instruct the uninformed
3 Counsel the doubtful
4 Comfort the sorrowful
5 Be patient with those in error
6 Forgive offenses
7 Pray for the living and the dead
love of man, the peacemakers become children of God.

"Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God."
Moses (Exodus 33:20), John (1:18), and Paul (1Timothy 6:16) all
say that no one can see God here on earth! But Jesus says the
pure of heart shall see God! To be pure of heart means to be free
of all selfish intentions and self-seeking desires. What a beautiful
goal! How many times have any of us performed an act perfectly
free of any personal gain? Such an act is pure love. An act of pure
and selfless giving brings happiness to all.

"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children

of God."
Peacemakers not only live peaceful lives but also try to bring
peace and friendship to others, and to preserve peace between
God and man. St. Gregory of Nyssa calls a peacemaker a man who
brings peace to another; but one cannot give another what one
does not possess oneself. Hence the Lord wants you first to be
yourself filled with the blessings of peace and then to
communicate it to those who have need of it. By imitating God's

"Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of

righteousness,
for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven."
Jesus said many times that those who follow Him will be
persecuted. "If they persecute me, they will persecute you" (John
15:20-21). Stephen, Peter and Paul, nearly all of the Apostles, and
many Christians in the Roman era suffered martyrdom.
Oppressive governments and endless conflicts in the last one
hundred years, such as World Wars I and II, and the Middle East
Wars in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria have seen their share of martyrs,
such as Maximilian Kolbe, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Latin American
martyrs, and Middle East Christians. The Central American
Martyrs include the 38 recognized martyrs of La Cristiada, the
Cristero War from 1926 to 1929, when the Mexican government
persecuted priests of the Catholic Church, such as St. Christopher
Magallanes, St. Toribio Romo Gonzalez, and the 14 year old
martyr Blessed Jose Luis Sanchez del Rio. St. Maximilian Kolbe
offered his life in place of a stranger at the Auschwitz death

camps on August 14, 1941. Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Lutheran

pastor who was hung on April 9, 1945 for condemning the
leadership of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Another Central American
martyr was Oscar Romero, Archbishop of San Salvador, who was
assassinated while saying Mass at Divine Providence Hospital on
March 24, 1980 for speaking out against government human
rights violations. Middle Eastern Christians have suffered severe
persecution since the Iraq War. At least 58 Christians were
slaughtered at Sunday Mass at Our Lady of Salvation
Syriac Eastern Catholic Church in Baghdad on October 31, 2010.
The present turmoil in Syria has left 500,000 Christian refugees
displaced from their homes, having fled to Jordan, Lebanon, and
other Middle Eastern countries. But the Lord promised those that
suffer for his sake will be rewarded with the Kingdom of Heaven!

SINS
-hinders
-reality present in everyone
-a choice
-transgression of the law
-threat to our relationship with God, human
society, environment and self
Severancy-cutting off
OBJECT- God, others, self environment
GRAVITY-venial; mortal
Mental complacencies- sins that cannot be
known by other people
-bad/impure thoughts
-Sins become grater if you share what you have
seen to others- being a source of scandal
Cooperational sin-inviting others to cooperate
in evil
CAPITAL SINS- source of many other sins
1. Pride
2. Gluttony
3. Envy
4. Anger
5. Greed
6. Lust
7. Sloth
PRIDE- highlights ones self alone- self-centered
Insensitive- so much focus to self; no
time for society
Selfishness

Judgmental-theyll do their best to

pull others down (Crab mentality)
Intellectual pride- not verbalized
-thinks of own progress alone
and not wanting the progress of others
-cannot accept circumstances
so they will wish for
unfortunate things to happen
to others
-pride begets envy
GLUTTONY- excessive desire to food and liquidpeople become less sensitive of others
ENVY-hidden desire of becoming just like other
people- leads to doing evil things like stealing
ANGER- good if it shows your character and let
others to learn
-Wrath- not reasonable- those who highlights
own emotion- i.e. when you are tired you
become impatient
-the psychology of anger is when you dont do
anything about it, it will grow until the time
comes that you cant control it anymore
Management: say no to that nagging anger so
you wont cause trouble
- bitterness/ resentmentrevenge
GREED-exessive desire especially for walth or
possessions
LUST-personal satisfaction
SLOTH-laziness
TYPES OF SIN
1. According to object- object of act
2. According to virtue opposed- i.e. greed
is against charity and justice
3. According to commandment violated
Classification
Spiritual-sin is destroying our
relationship with God
Carnal- sin gives way to human
nature- mental complacencies

I.
Source: thoughts, words, deedsresponsibilities that we forget/take for
granted
Gravity
Mortal sin- i.e. stealingdemands confession and
penance/retribution
Venial sin- can be forgiven by a
good act with the intention of
forgiveness
Grave sin-vice on the onset
(done often)- i.e. cursing,
laziness/indolence,
pangungupit
>Death penalty- deprives sinners to change
their life and make their retribution
ULTIMATE EFFECTS OF SIN
-separation/destruction of relationship with
God and other people
-weakens personality
-leads to undesired things/discovered
tendencies
-lessening of responsibility regarding things we
do- to the extent that we commit sin without
worrying of getting caught or corrected
Have the guts to refuse what a sinful world
offers

VIRTUES
-God-given
-grace that allows a person to do good and to
give ones best
-strengthen our journey towards perfection
-operative good habit-constant repetition
Disposition
-important quality- automatic- does
things without second thoughts
-comes from the heart
CLASSIFICATION

Theological- comes from the holy

spirit
-FAITH, HOPE, CHARITY
-we, as human beings,
cant fully comprehend
these virtues

FAITH- I will be with you- based on scriptures

-believing (cognitive)
-trusting
-doing (actuating and living the faith
that you have)
LOVE/CHARITY- to love if the primary duty of
every believer (New Testament)
-love your neighbor as you love
yourself

II.

Cardinal- cardo cardinis Hingeleads us to many other virtues

-human virtue acquired
by constant repetition
a. Prudence- tactfulnessdiscerning the good in different
circumstances
Is this what I have to do right
now?
Is this the will of God that He
wants me to perform?
-shows us the
importance of who/what
deserves our
generosity/help/time
-not about doing what
we want- it is about doing
things at the right time in the
right place and to those who
are in extreme needs with the
right intention
-Prioritize
b. Justice- firm ad constant
determination to do what is
due/fair/just to God and to
others

-work for it because it is

not easily acquired

capacity to
change on our
own, we need
the help of the
Holy Spirit

COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
-something common- among people of
the same status (as a student/parent/worker)
DISTRIBUTIVE/DISCRIMINATIVE JUSTICE
-people with power or authority
(Mayors, senators, parents)
SOCIAL JUSTICE
-political, economic and cultural life of
people- citizens of a particular country
RESTITUTIVE JUSTICE
-people who have been accused or
imprisoned
-giving back dignity and time lost to
those who were punished
INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE- based on Geneva,
Switzerland
-groups of people that committed crime
against humanity- killed a lot of people
CHANGE- what is expected from each of us
Conversion-leaving behind something for
something else
-Metanoia- change of heart-how we
describe the heart is how we describe the
person
-Moral change
-renewal- our potentials should be used
to do something-takes time
-leave behind old self; start
walking towards perfection
-once the heart is transformed,
everything else will follow(the
way we think, communicate,
etc)
-transformation
-a call to grace- has been given to us but
we forgot about it; helps in path towards
perfection
-a journey from, a journey to- by the
power of the Holy Spirit
-we do not
have the

-heart is a criterion of change-center of every

person

Considerations:
1. Interior penance- accept the truth that
you have sinned
-giving up the sins that
control and drag us
down- i.e. anger,
bitterness
-surrender everything
to the Lord and allow Him to take over
2. Inner conversion
3. A turning away from- past

Parable of the lost coin- I am happy

because they were lost but now they
are found
Parable of the good shepherd
Parable of the merciful father

>Leave behind the past

>Go back to the sanctifying grace
>Go back to the Father

VALUES: The Philosophy

Filipino values:
o Hospitality
o Bayanihan spirit
o Crab mentality
o Maana habit
o Pilipino time
o Ningas-kugon mentality
o Palabra de honor
o Bahala na

o
o

Colonial mentality
Delicadeza

>by obeying, we signify the unity and solidarity

Crab mentality- those who do not know their

own strengths/ weaknesses
-highlights a negative
understanding on what he/she is
-limits self; closing and
building walls instead of bridges
-person with ambition vs
person whos contented with situation
This is who I am and you have to take me as I
am- too proud- they will not work on their
imperfection
>envy
>jealousy
>pride

Organic unity- all believers are invited to obey

as one

Maana habit Bahala na Filipino time

-Importance of preparation and
prioritization
-studies show that people who succeed
have ample time for preparation then
have relaxation afterwards

Life is not simply knowing; it has got to do

about practicing what you know.. Sir Maisog,
2013

Ningas-kugon mentality
-waste energy at the start and as time
goes by, we go back to our old habits
>maintenance and sustenance
-if we have to start a venture, we have
to make sure that we are able to maintain and
sustain that venture
Palabra de honor
-lack of commitmentbroken
promisesruins friendship, dignity, integrity
Colonial Mentality
-Philippines has become a dumping site
for second hand items etc

WHAT WILL I DO IN ORDER TO OBTAIN ETERNAL

LIFE?
Keep the commandments.

To transgress one commandment is to infringe

on the whole law
-because if you cannot be faithful in doing the
little things, how can you be faithful in heavier
responsibilities?