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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010
I. I NTRODUCTION
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described as follows:
V (t) =
4Vdc
n
n=1,3,5,...
(k1 cos(n1 ) + k2 cos(n2 ) + k3 cos(n3 )
+ + ks cos(ns )) sin(nt)
(1)
.
2
(2)
(4)
(5)
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010
= 1 + 2 ; > 4.
(6)
Fig. 2. Landscape and contour plot for the five-level inverter and nonequaldc-source case, where M = 1, k1 = 1.05, and k2 = 0.88. (a) Landscape of
the problem. (b) Corresponding contour plot.
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Fig. 3. Switching angles versus M and corresponded cost values for a fivelevel cascade multilevel inverter.
Fig. 5. Solutions for switching angles and corresponding cost function values
for an 11-level cascade multilevel inverter.
Fig. 6. Normalized amplitude of generated harmonics if the switching patterns calculated for the equal-dc-source case is applied to the considered
unequal case (ki values listed in Table 1) for an 11-level-inverter case.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010
Fig. 8. FFT analysis of line voltage if the calculated switching angles for the
equal-dc-source case were used.
49
T HD =
Vn2 V1 .
(8)
n=5,7,11,...
Vdc2 = 19.6
Vdc4 = 17.2
Vdc5 = 16.
Vdc3 = 18
Fig. 9.
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Fig. 11. Experimental results for M = 0.7. (a) Output phase voltage.
(b) Corresponding FFT analysis.
Fig. 10. Experimental results for M = 0.47. (a) Output phase voltage.
(b) Corresponding FFT analysis.
Fig. 12. Experimental results for M = 1.075. (a) Output phase voltage.
(b) Corresponding FFT analysis.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 57, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2010
TABLE II
C OMPARISON OF THE THD S OF THE E XPERIMENTAL , S IMULATION , AND T HEORETICAL R ESULTS
H. Taghizadeh received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from the Islamic Azad University,
Tabriz, Iran, in 2005 and the M.S. degree in electrical
engineering from the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, in
2008.
He is currently a Lecturer with the Islamic Azad
University, Shabestar, and the Tabriz College of
Technology, Tabriz. His research interests include
the modulation and control of power electronic converters, and artificial intelligence with application to
power systems and power electronics.