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Introduction
Zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles have attracted much interest because they possess various remarkable physical and
chemical properties that are distinct from those of conventional
bulk materials. ZnO is widely used for cosmetic application
because it is a chemically stable and environmentally friendly
material that has good transparency and UV-blocking properties[13]. Different synthesis methods have been devised,
including sol-gel technique[4], microemulsion synthesis[5], mechanochemical processing[6], spray pyrolysis and drying[7,8],
thermal decomposition of organic precursor[9], RF plasma synthesis[10], supercritical-water processing[11], selfassembling[12],
hydrothermal processing[13], vapor transport process[14], sonochemical or microwave-assisted synthesis[15,16], direct precipitation[17] and homogeneous precipitation[18]. However, ZnO in
nanoparticles due to the existence of water molecules results in
hard agglomerates, which impede the application of ZnO
nanoparticles. Therefore, the removal of water moiety in the
nanoparticles is a key process for reducing hard agglomerates.
The modification of nanoparticles to enhance the surface
chemical and physical properties is the key for the successful
application of nanomaterials. Oleic acid is commonly used to
modify SiO2[19], TiO2[20], CaCO3[21], CuS[22], ZnO[23]. In particular, surface-modified ZnO particles received much attention
because of enhanced dispersability in fluids. In the present investigation, the precursor of ZnO nanoparticles was prepared
by precipitation from the solutions of zinc chloride and sodium
carbonate in the presence of surfactant and ZnO nanoparticles
were obtained after calcination. On one hand, the surface of
ZnO nanoparticles was modified with oleic acid to improve the
compatibility between inorganic nanoparticles and organic
matrix. Furthermore, the UV-light absorption property of a ZnO
nanoparticle-ethanol dispersion was also evaluated. The nanoparticles were characterized with infrared spectroscopy(IR),
transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray photoelectron
spectrometry(XPS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
2
2.1
Experimental
Materials
2.2
2.3
No.3
2.4
LD =
V
100%
V + 50
Particle Characterization
3
3.1
The lipophilic degree(LD) of ZnO nanoparticles was characterized by dispersing the nanoparticles of 0.5 g in water of
50 mL with the addition of methanol[16]. When ZnO nanoparticles were put into distilled water, the unmodified ZnO nanoparticles precipitated in water, while the modified ZnO nanoparticles which grafted with oleic acid, floated on the water
surface. When methanol was dropped into the water slowly
with continually stirring, the modified ZnO nanoparticles were
wetted and hence precipitated gradually. The volume of the
methanol(V) used was recorded and the LD was calculated
according to the following equation:
2.5
501
Fig.2
3.2
Fig.3
502
Vol.27
Conclusions
Syntheses of zinc oxide nanomaterials by direct precipitation and surface modification with oleic acid have been reported. Furthermore, the UV absorption property of a ZnO
nanoparticle-ethanol dispersion was also evaluated. The following conclusions can be drawn from our experiments and
analyses: The ZnO nanoparticles obtained here were nearly
spherical particles with a size about 29 nm. The oleic acidmodified ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by the reaction between OH group on the nanoparticles and COOH of the
oleic acid. FTIR results confirm that an organic layer exists and
the linkage between inorganic nuclei and organic layer is
chemical bond. In addition, the LD of ZnO nanoparticles was
measured. A low-concentration dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles
in ethanol exhibited excellent UV shielding and transparency
properties.
1
2
Toluene
Cyclohexane
Hexane
DOP
Sedimentation time/min
T0
<1
13
T1
40
125
150
52
380
5
Ethanol
5
890
* The amount of oleic acid is T0: 0%, T1: 5%; sedimentation time was
determined via a dispersed solution(10%, mass fraction) at room temperature.
The UV absorption property of the ZnO-ethanol dispersions was highly dependent on the ZnO nanoparticle concentration. The correlation between UV absorption property and
concentration in dispersion systems is well known. The
as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibit high UV-blocking capacity, which makes the nanoparticles potentially useful in
cosmetic application.
For evaluation of UV absorption property, different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles dispersions in ethanol were
prepared. The UV absorption spectra of the ZnO nanoparticleethanol dispersions with various mass fractions(0.005%
0.075%) are shown in Fig.5.
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