Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
2
SCRiPTS, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
3
SCRiPTS, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
4
Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
In todays cement and concrete research, mineralogical quantification of (un)hydrated cement samples by X-ray
Diffraction/Rietveld analysis becomes more and more important. As the results from XRD/Rietveld analysis are becoming
increasingly more accurate, it became a widely used tool to study the hydration of cementitious materials besides other techniques
e.g. isothermal calorimetry or thermogravimetric analysis. To quantify amorphous or non-identified phases, an internal standard
might be added to estimate these so-called other phases. Compared to unhydrated samples which are almost completely
crystalline, it has a higher significance in hydrated samples, as certain cement hydrates, such as C-S-H, hydrogarnet,
hydrotalcite, AFm, etc., are often poorly crystalline. Within the development of Completely Recyclable Concrete (CRC a
concrete designed for reincarnation within the cement production following the Cradle-to-Cradle Principle) the hydration of the
regenerated cement was assessed by XRD/Rietveld analysis. Within this study it was found that the particle size distributions of
the sample and the internal standard should not be underestimated within the quantification of the other phases.
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Normalized
With ZnO
Normalized
Zincite
Alite
Belite
Ferrite
Aluminate
Calcite
Bassanite
Anhydrite
Aphthitalite
Syngenite
Periclase
With ZnO
20.9
52.9
10.5
7.1
2.1
0.3
2.3
1.3
0.6
1.3
0.7
66.9
13.3
8.9
2.7
0.3
3.0
1.6
0.7
1.7
0.9
23.9
52.7
9.6
6.7
2.0
0.2
2.5
1.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
69.3
12.7
8.8
2.6
0.3
3.2
1.7
0.6
0.4
0.2
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4. CONCLUSIONS
The phase changes upon hydration were visualized using
XRD/Rietveld analysis. It was found that the particle size
distribution of the measured sample affects the
quantification using an internal standard (20 wt% ZnO). An
external standard method could be used in the future to
avoid the effect of the particle size distribution on the
quantification of the different phases.
In general it can be concluded that the CRC cements have a
hydration process similar to the commercial cements that
were used as reference. In both cases the calcium silicate
phases (mainly alite and more slowly also belite) dissolve to
form crystalline portlandite and poorly crystalline C-S-H,
the latter is considered in the other phases. The aluminate
phase, and to a smaller extent also the ferrite phase, dissolve
to form ettringite consuming calcium sulphate. In case of the
CRC cement crystalline kuzelite (an AFm phase) was
observed after 7 days of hydration.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Financial support from the Institute for the Promotion of
Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders
(IWT-Vlaanderen) and the Research Foundation Flanders
(FWO) under Grant no. G087510N are gratefully
acknowledged. The authors would like to thank P. Van der
Voort for granting access to the XRD facilities.
REFERENCES
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[4]. De Belie N, Robeyst N. Recycling of construction
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[7]. De Schepper M, De Buysser K, Van Driessche I, De
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[8]. Tamura M, Noguchi T, Tomosawa F. Cementitious
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mieke De Schepper received her master
degree in civil engineering in 2009 from
Ghent University (Belgium). Currently she
is finishing her PhD on Completely
Recyclable Concrete at the Magnel
laboratory for Concrete Research (Ghent
University).
Klaartje De Buysser received her PhD
degree from Ghent University (Belgium) in
2007. Since 2009 she is professor at the
faculty of science at Ghent University
(SCRiPTS research group). Her research
interests are transparent, conductive oxides,
thermoelectric
materials
and
electrospinning of ceramic fibres.
Isabel Van Driessche is professor at Ghent
University (Belgium) since 2004. She is
head of the department Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry and leads the research
group SCRiPTS, that has activities in the
broad field of solid state chemistry related
to the synthesis, properties and applications
of inorganic and ceramic materials, both as bulk and thin
films.
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Volume: 03 Special Issue: 13 | ICNTCC-2014 | Sep-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
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