Evaluate the following IP Addresses and give reasons:

1) 10.10.0.0 - valid
2) 10.127.0.1 - Valid
3) 15.15.15.15 - Valid
4) 131.107.256.10 Not Valid - 256
5) 0.5.4.6 Not Valid - 0
6) 228.10.14.12 Not Valid 1- 223 in the first octet
7) 127.127.127.127 Not Valid - Loopback
8) 224.0.0.0 - Not Valid 1- 223 in the first octet
9) 151.256.6.100 - Not Valid 0- 255 in the second octet
10) 192.168.100.0 Not Valid Host address cannot be zero
2) Write the Non Routable Internet IP Range
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
3) Write the Class A/B/C/D/E Address Class Range with the Network & Host details.
No of
Networks

No of
Networks

No of Networks
Ids (First Octet)

Class A 126

16777214

1-126

Class B 16384

65534

128-191

Class C 2097152

254

192-223

4) What is the Well-Known Multicast Address Range?

IP multicast
address

Description

224.0.0.0

Base address (reserved)

224.0.0.1

The All Hosts multicast group that contains all systems on the same network segment

224.0.0.2

The All Routers multicast group that contains all routers on the same network segment

224.0.0.5

The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) AllSPFRouters address. Used to send OSPF routing
information to all OSPF routers on a network segment

224.0.0.6

The OSPF AllDRouters address. Used to send OSPF routing information to OSPF designated
routers on a network segment

224.0.0.9

The RIP Version 2 group address. Used to send RIP routing information to all RIP v2 routers on
a network segment

224.0.0.10

EIGRP group address. Used to send EIGRP routing information to all EIGRP routers on a
network segment

224.0.0.18

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

224.0.0.102

Hot Standby Router Protocol Version 2

224.0.1.41

H.323 Gatekeeper discovery address

5) Where is the following address used for 224.0.01?

The All Hosts multicast group that contains all systems on the same network segment

Subnetting
6) I want 10 Subnets and 100 Hosts with 100% growth. Use Class B address and illustrate the first host address
and last host address for at least five subnets.
ANS:
To get 10 subnets, we need 4 bits but with 100% growth,
We need to plan for 20 subnets, Therefore we need to borrow 5 bits.
5 bits = high end octet 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
x.y.11111000.z
Subnet 1 x.y.8.0
Subnet 2 x.y.16.0
Subnet 3 x.y.24.0
Subnet 4 x.y.32.0
Subnet 5 x.y.40.0
Subnet 6 x.y.48.0
Subnet 7 x.y.56.0
Subnet 8 x.y.64.0
Subnet 9 x.y.72.0
Subnet 10 x.y.80.0
Subnet 11 x.y.88.0
Subnet 12 x.y.96.0
Subnet 13 x.y.112.0
Subnet 14 x.y.120.0
Subnet 15 x.y.128.0
Subnet 16 x.y.136.0
Subnet 17 x.y.144.0
Subnet 18 x.y.152.0
Subnet 19 x.y.160.0
Subnet 20 x.y.168.0

x.y.8.1 to x.y.15.254
x.y.8.16 to x.y.23.254
x.y.8.24 to x.y.31.254
x.y.8.32 to x.y.39.254
x.y.8.40 to x.y.47.254
x.y.8.48 to x.y.55.254
x.y.8.56 to x.y.63.254
x.y.8.64 to x.y.71.254
x.y.8.72to x.y.79.254
x.y.8.80 to x.y.87.254
x.y.8.88 to x.y.95.254
x.y.8.96 to x.y.104.254
x.y.8.112 to x.y.119.254
x.y.8.120 to x.y.127.254
x.y.8.128 to x.y.135.254
x.y.8.136 to x.y.143.254
x.y.8.144 to x.y.151.254
x.y.8.152 to x.y.159.254
x.y.8.160 to x.y.167.254
x.y.8.168 to x.y.175.254 ..

7) Take a Class C address, what is the maximum number of hosts possible when I use 5 subnets.
ANS: You have 8 bits in class C for Hosts. To get 5 subnets, We need 3 bits. Remaining 5 bits are available
for hosts. Maximum number of hosts possible = 2^5 = 32. 32-2 = 30 Hosts.
8) What is the broadcast address for the following?
10.16.0.0/12
10.16.0.0/12 means 4 bit Subnetting. Broadcast address means all hosts bits are set to one.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ANS: 10.31.255.255
192.168.100.0/26
192.168.100.0/26
192.168.100.0/26 means 3 bit Subnetting. Broadcast address means all hosts bits are set to one.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ANS: 192.168.100.63
131.107.0.0/30
131.107.0.0/30
131.107.0.0/30 means 14 bit Subnetting. Broadcast address means all hosts bits are set to one.
x.y.128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ANS: 131.107.1.7