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General Instruction:
1. Students are required to submit the hardcopy of the
report in my pigeon hole in Block 14, Level 3.
2. Please use the cover page provides. Report should
be printed double sided.
3. Report must be submitted to your respective tutor
during lab hour in Week 5 (10 Nov). Marks will be
deducted by 2% per day for the late submission.
4. All figures must be labeled clearly and referred
properly in the text while explaining your results.
5. Zero marks will be awarded for any plagiarism
works.
All the best.
Name : ___________________________
Student ID : _______________________
Signature : ________________________
Submit to : Iskandar Dzulkarnain
Prepare an input data file for simulating the performance of a two-phase (water/oil) reservoir.
The model will have a regular shape, with two wells at opposite corners to simulate
production in a quarter five-spot pattern.
GRIDDING ANDROCKDATA (GRID)
The 3D section of reservoir being modelled has dimensions 2500' x 2500' x 150', and it is
divided into three layers of equal thickness. The number of cells in the x and y directions are
5 and 5 respectively. Other relevant data are given below, using field units throughout:
Depth of reservoir top:
Porosity:
8000 ft
0.20
Permeability in x direction:
Permeability in y direction:
Permeability in z direction:
Layer 1
250 mD
150 mD
25 mD
Layer 2
1000 mD
800 mD
100 mD
Layer 3
250 mD
150 mD
25 mD
500
50
500
50
500
50
500
1
500
2
5
500
500
500
500
500
krw
kro
Pcow
(psi)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
4.0
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55
0.9
9.0
0.3
1.8
0.1
0.45
0.0
0.22
* Initial saturation throughoutlayer.
Bw
(rb/stb)
1.02
w
(cp)
0.8
cw
(psi-1)
3.0E-06
Bo
(rb/stb)
1.20
1.15
1.10
Viscosity
(cp)
1.0
1.1
2.0
4500 psia
The oil-water contact is below the reservoir (8,500 ft), with zero capillary pressure at the
contact.
Make a copy of the file TUT1A.DATA called TUT1B.DATAin the same folder tut1.
By modifying the keyword TSTEP change the time steps to the following:
15*250
Modify the WCONINJ keyword to operate the injection well at a constant flowing bottom
hole pressure (BHP) of 5000 psia, instead of injecting at a constant 10,000 stb water/day
(RATE) i.e. delete reference to 10,000 and replace with 1*.
Add field volume production rate (FVPR) to the items already listed in the SUMMARY
section.
Run Eclipse using the TUT1B.DATA file, and then plot the two following pictures:
Figure 4: both well bottom hole pressures and field average pressure vs. time, showing
pressures in the range 3,700 psia to 5,100 psia
Figure 5: field water cut and field volume production rate vs. time
Account for the differences between the pressure profiles in this problem and Tutorial 1A.
To assist with the interpretation, calculate total mobility as a function of water saturation for
the 4 saturation points given, using:
MTOT(Sw) =
kro(Sw)
krw(Sw)
+
o
w
and show how this would change the differential pressure across the reservoir as the water
saturation throughout the reservoir increases. From Figure 5, explain the impact of the
WWCT profile (fraction) on the FVPR (rb/day).
This time, instead of injecting at a constant flowing bottom hole pressure of 5000 psi, let the
simulator calculate the injection rate such that the reservoir voidage created by oil and water
production is replaced by injected water. To do this, modify the control mode for the
injection well (keyword WCONINJ) from BHP to reservoir rate (RESV), and use the voidage
replacement flag (FVDG) in item 8. Set the upper limit on the bottom hole pressure for the
injection well to 8,000 psia again.
Note the definitions given in the manual for item 8 of the WCONINJ keyword. Based on the
definition for voidage replacement,
reservoir volume injection rate = item 6 + (item 7 * field voidage rate)
Therefore, to inject the same volume of liquid as has been produced, set
item 6 to 0, and
item 7 to 1.
Run Eclipse using the TUT1C.DATA file, and then run Floviz or Petrel, to display the grid
cell oil saturations (these displays need NOT be printed).
Discuss the profile of the saturation front in each layer, and explain how it is affected by
gravity and the distribution of flow speeds between the wells.
SENSITIVITIES
For the sensitivity calculations try variations of +/- 10% from the base case (TUT1A), and
use a spider diagram to plot the results.
(i)
Long-term behaviour (0-2500 days): Assess impact of varying oil formation volume
factor (Bo) and separately, the injection rate on field average pressure (FPR)
Short-term behaviour (0-10 days): Assess impact of varying absolute permeability
and separately the porosity on bottom hole pressure response (WBHP) in either of the
wells.
(ii)
Mobility effects: What happens to the pressure differential between the wells when
you use straight line rel perms (by deleting rows in SWOF keyword containing
saturation points 0.5 and 0.7? What if you then change the values of the relative
permeability endpoints (initially Krw = 0.55 and Kro=0.9)?
(iii) Study impact of oil density and total flow rate across field on flow distribution in field.
D
To implement these, replace the entire GRID section with the following:
--================================================================
GRID
EQUALS
-- Keyword
DX
DY
DZ
TOPS
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
value
500
500
50
8000
X1 X2
1 5
Y1 Y2
1 5
Z1 Z2
1 3
/
/
/
whole model
same as above
same as above
grid layer 1
250
150
20
0.19
0.95
/
/
/
/
geological layer 1
1000
800
100
0.20
0.99
/
/
/
/
geological 2
250
150
20
0.19
0.95
/
/
/
/
geological 3
/
5
/
5
/
-- Output file with geometry and rock properties (.INIT)
INIT
Run the model in ECLIPSE, visualise the grid in Floviz or Petrel, and plot the same
properties as in TUT1A.