SRDISK (TM)

ReSizeable RAMDisk version 2.04

for XMS and EMS memory

Copyright (c) 1991-1993 Marko Kohtala

All rights reserved

CONTENTS

1. Disclaimer of warranty
2. License
3. Features included
4. Files in this release
5. Usage
5.1. Basic installation
5.2. SRDISK device driver
5.2.1. XMS memory device driver
5.2.2. EMS memory device driver
5.2.3. EMS 3.2 memory device driver
5.3. SRDUMMY device driver
5.4. SRDISK program
5.4.1 SRDISK sample commands
5.4.2 SRDISK command line options
6. Troubleshooting
7. Trademarks
8. Last words

1. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

THIS SOFTWARE AND MANUAL ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTIES AS
TO PERFORMANCE OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. BECAUSE OF THE VARIOUS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
ENVIRONMENTS IN WHICH THIS PROGRAM MAY BE USED, NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS OFFERED.

GOOD DATA PROCESSING PROCEDURE DICTATES THAT ANY PROGRAM BE THOROUGHLY

TESTED WITH NON-CRITICAL DATA BEFORE RELYING ON IT. THE USER MUST
ASSUME THE ENTIRE RISK OF USING THE PROGRAM. ANY LIABILITY OF THE
SELLER WILL BE LIMITED EXCLUSIVELY TO PRODUCT REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF
PURCHASE PRICE.

2. LICENSE

This software is NOT public domain. It is copyrighted software

distributed as shareware.

This software is NOT free. A license fee must be paid if used longer
than for one month evaluation period. See PAYMENT.DOC for details of the
payment.

If you received this software on a CD-ROM or from a disk vendor, you

have only paid for the disk. You do NOT have a license to use this
software.

Everybody has the right to copy and distribute this software as long as
it is unmodified and all the original files listed in chapter 4 of this
document are included. A fee of at most $7 may be charged for the total
expences of copying. If a copying fee is taken, the receiver of this
software must be made aware that he has only the evaluation and copying
license stated above.

Remember that you may COPY THIS TO YOUR FRIENDS! This is the idea behind
shareware. Show this to your boss also (not meaning: if you do not count
him/her to your friends <g>). SRDISK can prove worth a few megabytes of
memory to you.

3. FEATURES INCLUDED

This RAM disk currently supports the following features:

* Compatible with MS-DOS versions from 3 to 6 and DR-DOS 5 to 6.

* XMS - Extended memory on 286 and up with HIMEM or other XMS 2.0
driver.
* EMS - Expanded memory of LIM/EMS version 3.2 and 4.0.
* Device drivers may be chained to form larger disks using many
different kind memories.
* Resizeable - can preserve disk contents if new format has room
enough.
* Removable. Can be disabled without reboot.
* Supports 32-bit sector addressing introduced in DOS 4. Thus over 32M
RAM disks are possible if you have the memory.
* Configurable
- sector size
- cluster size
- root directory entry count
- number of FATs
* Predefined DOS and FDFORMAT floppy disk look-alike formats.
* DISKCOPY compatible with DOS versions from 3.20 up. You can copy
to/from SRDISK drive using DOS DISKCOPY.
* Write protection.
* Can optionally set environment variables SRDISKn (n=1,2,...) to
the installed SRDISK drive letters.
* Comes with a dummy drive you can use to locate SRDISK (or any other
installable) drive at a higher letter.

I have a list of new features to implement in the future. By sending

money and feature suggestions you can help me make this program still
better.

Users may find that the ability to resize is invaluable. Since some
programs can take best use of memory by directly using it while others
need a fast disk for temporary files, you can now have optimal
performance with both kinds of programs without the trouble of changing
configuration and rebooting.

The feature of being able to resize automagically when there is need for
it is currently not in my reach. FAT filesystem in DOS just was not
designed for it. There is some more explanation about it later in this
document.

4. FILES IN THIS RELEASE

The following files are distributed in this release:

READ.ME some notes

SRDISK.DOC this document
SUOMI.DOC Finnish version of this document
SRDXMS.SYS device driver for XMS memory
SRDXMSS.SYS device driver for XMS memory (small version)
SRDEMS.SYS device driver for EMS 4.0 memory
SRDEMSS.SYS device driver for EMS 4.0 memory (small version)
SRDEMS3.SYS device driver for EMS 3.2 memory
SRDUMMY.SYS device driver for nothing but use drive letters
SRDISK.EXE formatter program
PAYMENT.DOC registering information
WHATSNEW.DOC what is new in this release and history
FILE_ID.DIZ short description of packet for BBS operators

The small versions of device drivers do not support DOS DISKCOPY

compatibility and may require user to make sure there is enough stack
available by specifying STACKS=8,512 (or similar) in CONFIG.SYS. Also,
you can not chain another device driver after a small version device
driver.

5. USAGE

The SRDISK is basicly split into two parts:

1) a device driver to add the virtual drive into DOS and

2) a program to control the device driver

The following explains the installation and how to use both of these
parts.

5.1. BASIC INSTALLATION

The basic installation for XMS memory can be done following these steps:

1. Copy SRDXMS.SYS into you root directory.

2. Copy SRDISK.EXE into some directory in your PATH.

3. Make sure you have HIMEM.SYS or some other XMS driver installed
in CONFIG.SYS before the following step.

4. Add into your CONFIG.SYS line

DEVICE=SRDXMS.SYS

5. Add into your AUTOEXEC.BAT after the PATH command line

 SRDISK <size>

The <size> defines the disk size in Kbytes.

If you have EMS memory, then use file SRDEMS.SYS in place of SRDXMS.SYS
and make sure EMS 4.0 device driver is installed in CONFIG.SYS before
the SRDEMS.SYS.

The device driver adds into DOS a new disk drive. Before you run
SRDISK.EXE or when you set the disk size to zero, the new disk drive
behaves as if you have a floppy drive without a floppy inserted.

5.2. SRDISK DEVICE DRIVER

For a RAM disk you need a device driver. This device driver supplies a
storage for an array of sectors which DOS uses to store all the data.
SRDISK comes with separate drivers for storing the sectors in XMS
(extended memory managed by HIMEM.SYS or other XMS driver) and in EMS
memory.

Most often you do not need any parameters for the device drivers, but
the driver accepts two parameters:

DEVICE=SRDmmm.SYS [d:] [/A]

The [] around the parameter mean it is optional; you must not type the
brackets.

d: The 'd:' can be used to tell the driver at what letter it is

assigned in case DOS does not let it know it.

Another use for 'd:' is to define into what SRDISK drive the
current driver is to be appended.

If you need to have SRDISK at some specific drive letter, you

can use SRDUMMY.SYS. Note though, that drive letters are always
used in order from A to Z and you can only use up a few drives
before the letter you want to use.

/A This tells the driver to append itself to the previously

installed SRDISK device driver. The memory accessed using this
driver is then available as extra memory to the previously
installed SRDISK drive.

If you want the low part of your disk to use XMS and the high
part EMS memory, you can put these two lines into your
CONFIG.SYS

DEVICE=SRDXMS.SYS
DEVICE=SRDEMS.SYS /A

For this to work, the first device driver must have the extra
code to look into the next driver for more memory. Therefore the
first device driver must not be the small version SRDXMSS.SYS or
SRDEMSS.SYS.
Merely installing the driver gives you no RAM disk. It is as if you had
installed a floppy drive without putting a disk in the drive. For that
you need the SRDISK.EXE program.

The following chapters give some explanation about the different memory
types and explains reasons for the problems there are.

5.2.1. XMS MEMORY DEVICE DRIVER

8088 processor instruction set can only access memory at addresses from
0 to 1048575 (1 megabyte) and memory above the address 1048575 is called
extended memory. i80286 had a new mode (protected mode) where the
instructions had a little different meanings and could be used to
address memory above the 1 megabyte limit.

XMS (eXtended Memory Specification) is a means to control the usage of

extended memory between applications so that each application can have
exclusive access to some range of addresses without fear the other
application would be using the same memory for its own purposes.

When SRDISK (or any other XMS client) needs extended memory, it requests
it from extended memory manager (EMM) that follows the eXtended Memory
Specification. Most common and free such memory manager is HIMEM.SYS.

The EMM then tries to find available memory block (a contiguous range of
addresses available) that is as large or larger than the requested
memory block. If all of the available blocks are smaller than the
requested size, the request fails even if the available blocks would be
large enough when combined.

Since DOS and DOS programs still run in the 8088 mode where instructions
can not address memory beyond 1 megabyte limit, there is no way for them
to access the memory directly. XMS also defines service to copy memory
to and from the memory beyond the 1 megabyte limit.

5.2.2. EMS MEMORY DEVICE DRIVER

Since 8088 could only address memory up to 1 megabyte, any memory added
had to be made to use the same addresses with already existing memory.
Some new hardware had to be added so that the memory occupying a range
of addresses could be switched with another block of memory.
Lotus/Intel/MicroSoft Expanded Memory Specification (LIM EMS) was
developed to provide standardized access to this memory for much the
same reason XMS was developed to provide access to extended memory.

EMS uses a 64K memory area divided into four separate 16K windows to
access the expanded memory. These windows show different 16K blocks of
EMS memory (called pages) as requested by the application.

EMS memory can also be simulated very efficiently with 386 virtual
memory. For example EMM386 uses this method to convert extended memory
into expanded memory.

Since EMS memory is consisted of separate 16K pages, there is no

requirement to have the allocated memory be in contiguous blocks as with
XMS memory. Since all the available memory can be allocated, you can
better predict how much memory you can allocate.

5.2.3. EMS 3.2 MEMORY DEVICE DRIVER

EMS 3.2 is an older version of EMS. 4.0 is the currently most used one.

The main reason SRDISK has version 3.2 driver is that MS-Windows 3.1 has
a serious bug in the EMS protection it uses. Basicly with the EMS 3.2
driver you can access EMS disk that has been allocated before starting
MS-Windows but not one that is allocated inside DOS window. With the EMS
4.0 driver you can not access memory allocated before starting
MS-Windows but can well access memory that is allocated inside DOS
window.

In any case, MS-Windows will not allow any other process access the
disk allocated in another process.

5.3. SRDUMMY DEVICE DRIVER

SRDUMMY.SYS can be used to force installable device drivers to some

specific drive letters. To better understand what for you might need it,
read the following paragraph.

DOS allocates drives in order from A to Z. The first drives A and B are
always used for floppy drives. If you have hard disks, drives from C up
are allocated to them by DOS before CONFIG.SYS is loaded. After all the
standard hardware drives have been assigned, DOS reads the CONFIG.SYS
and loads the devices found there. Each block device driver (a device
supplying only an array of blocks of data, like SRDISK) is assigned one
or more drive letters in the order they are in CONFIG.SYS. The device
drivers can not determine to which drives they get assigned.

SRDUMMY.SYS tells DOS it provides one or more block devices and thus
uses up some drive letters. There will not be any drives though, and if
you access the drives, you'll get the drive not ready error.

SRDUMMY.SYS takes one parameter: The drive letter the next block device
should be loaded to.

Take a look at the following sample CONFIG.SYS:

DEVICE=SRDXMS.SYS
DEVICE=SRDUMMY.SYS G:
DEVICE=SRDEMS.SYS

If you have one hard disk, the floppies and hard disk use letters A-C.
SRDXMS.SYS is then loaded to D and SRDUMMY.SYS uses drives E and F.
SRDEMS.SYS loads thus at G.

If you add a second hard drive, it will take drive letter D and
SRDXMS.SYS will then be at E and SRDUMMY.SYS use only drive F putting
SRDEMS.SYS to G again.

If you add a few more drives so that drive G is already in use before
SRDUMMY.SYS gets loaded, you will only get a warning message from
SRDUMMY.SYS and the SRDEMS.SYS will load at the next available drive
letter.

DR-DOS 6 seems not to allow access to drive letters after P: even with
LASTDRIVE=Z statement in CONFIG.SYS. So with DR-DOS you must avoid using
the last drive letters after P:.

5.4. SRDISK PROGRAM

The disk can be enabled by, for example, using command "SRDISK 1024"
which will make first SRDISK a 1024K disk. It can be disabled by making
it of size 0: "SRDISK 0".

You should include the command to enable the RAM disk into your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

The SRDISK.EXE is self documented. You'll get the documentation by

typing at the DOS prompt "SRDISK /?" and hitting enter. To get a hang of
it better, some examples with explanations are given below.

5.4.1. SRDISK SAMPLE COMMANDS

Command

SRDISK 1024

creates or changes the old disk to a 1024K (= 1M) disk.

More precisely it calculates various disk parameters as it best sees fit

for most users needs. Those disk parameters can be defined by user on
the command line if the calculated values do not meet his needs. After
the parameters have been calculated, the memory (1024K = 1M) needed for
the disk is allocated and a disk image is created into the memory.

The calculated parameters include sector size, cluster size, number of

FATs and root directory size.

- Sector is the basic unit of storage. It's size does not mean much, but
it has to be a power of 2 and no larger than 512 bytes.

- Cluster size tells in how large blocks the space is allocated. Larger
clusters mean smaller FAT (= File Allocation Table), but then even the
smallest file always takes at least that much space. Cluster can not
be smaller than one sector. A cluster is a collection of sectors.

- FAT is the table that holds information about each allocation unit,
cluster, on the disk. The information can be indication that the
cluster is free, or where the next cluster of the file is or that the
cluster is unusable. A disk only needs one FAT - though multiple
copies of it can be specified. Note that the other FATs are only
copies of the first one.

- Root directory is limited to hold only some predefined number of

files. If you get "Can not create file" errors while there is plenty
of free space on disk, you need to make the root directory larger.
Alternatively you should create a subdirectory and create the files
there. Subdirectories can be arbitrarily large.
If there is data on the disk to be preserved, sector and cluster size
are not changed.

Command

SRDISK 1024 /O

does the same as the command 'SRDISK 1024' except the various disk
parameters are not calculated but instead the old parameters are used.

Command

SRDISK /F:1440

tries to create the disk to look like a real floppy disk. It also
defines some parameters that otherwise have no effect like media
descriptor, number of heads and sectors per track. These parameters have
no other function but to make it look like it is a real, physical disk -
which it is not. SRDISK drives are not accessible through BIOS, so some
diskcopy and utility programs can fail if used with SRDISK.

Command

SRDISK /S:256 /C:1024 /D:64

reformats the disk. The size is determined by the old size of the disk
even without the use of /O. Sector size is changed to 256 bytes, cluster
size to 1024 bytes (two sectors) and root directory will hold 64 entries
(one of which is used for the volume label).

Command

SRDISK /U

clears the disk. It recalculates the format and makes it better if

possible, but preserves the disk size. Without this switch, the disk
contents are preserved if possible. This is also usefull if you can not
resize the disk because of errors on it -- using this option the errors
will be ignored and the disk is made whole new.

Command

SRDISK E:

tests if E is a SRDISK RAMdisk and, as no format is defined, display

it's current configuration. The letter may not correspond to the letter
known by DOS for the drive if the letter is defined wrong when
installing the SRDISK.SYS device driver in CONFIG.SYS.

Command

SRDISK

without the drive letter specified tries to determine the drive by first
trying the current drive and if it is not a SRDISK drive, then the first
SRDISK drive loaded in CONFIG.SYS. As no change in the format is
defined, the current configuration of the found drive are displayed.
 5.4.2. SRDISK COMMAND LINE OPTIONS

To ease remembering the command line options, SRDISK has for some
settings several different options. Many of the options are long, but
you can truncate them if you write enough for SRDISK to identify the
option unambiguously.

An exact match in the full lenght of the option is always identified

instead of some another option that begins with the same characters.

All numeric parameters for the options are translated using the C
language rules: Number starting with 0 is octal number (base eight) and
with 0x is hexadecimal (base 16), others are decimal.

The options in alphabetical order are

/? List of most important command line options

/A:n Number of FAT copies (1 or 2)
/ASK Ask for confirmation if data would be lost
/AVAILABLE:n Resize to disk to have n Kbytes of space available
/C:n Cluster size
/CLUSTER:n Same as /C
/D:n Dir entries
/DEVICETYPE:n Device type for DISKCOPY compatibility
/DIRENTRIES:n Same as /D
/DOSFORMAT:n DOS or FDFORMAT lookalike format
/E Set environment variables SRDISKn
/ENVIRONMENT Same as /E
/ERASE Clear disk contents, implies /FORCE
/F:n Same as /DOSFORMAT
/FATS:n Same as /A
/FILESPACE:n Make the disk have n Kbytes space for files
/FORCE Destroy data if necessary to force new format
/FREEMEM:n Determine disk size to leave at least n Kbytes mem free
/H Same as /?
/HEADS:n Number of heads for DISKCOPY compatibility
/HELP Same as /?
/M:n[:n...] Max sizes for different drivers chained to a drive
/MAXSIZE Allocate the disk as large as it can safely be allocated
/MEDIA:n Media ID byte for DISKCOPY compatibility
/MINSIZE Alias to /AVAILABLE:0, minimize the disk
/NO NO, do not destroy data to complete new format
/O Use old disk format where not redefined
/OLD Same as /O
/REGISTER Display registration information
/S:n Sector size (128, 256 or 512 bytes)
/SECTORS:n Number of sectors per track
/SECTORSIZE:n Same as /S
/SIDES:n Same as /HEADS
/SPT:n Same as /SECTORS
/U Same as /ERASE, FORMAT compatible
/UNCONDITIONAL Same as /ERASE /FORCE
/V:n Verbose level (1-5) to control amount of output
/VERBOSE:n Same as /V
/W:x Write protection x is ON/+ or OFF/-
/WRITEPROTECT:x Same as /W
 /Y Same as /FORCE
/YES Same as /FORCE

The options by function

/? /H /HELP

List the most important command line options and exit.

/A:n /FATS:n

Number of FAT copies (1 or 2). You need only one FAT unless you
need to make the disk look like some floppy disk.

/AVAILABLE:n /MINSIZE

Space available on the disk. The disk size will be counted to be

large enough to hold the files already on it and to have n
Kbytes of space available.

/MINSIZE is the same as /AVAILABLE:0 and will also make the root
directory smaller.

/C:n /CLUSTER:n

Cluster size. Cluster is the unit used to allocate disk space.

This option has effect on the space used for File Allocation
Table. If cluster size is small, bigger FAT is needed and there
is less room for files, but files may take more room.

/D:n /DIRENTRIES:n

Root directory entries. FAT file system has fixed size root
directory. You can specify the size for it using this option.

Note that each entry is 32 bytes long and a fixed amount of

sectors are used to hold the entries. Thus if sector size is 512
bytes each sector can hold 16 entries (512 / 32 = 16) and
specifying /D:4 or /D:16 uses exactly the same amount of space
on the disk: one sector.

If there is nothing against it, I start to round the number of

root directory entries up to fill the last root directory
sector. Some utility programs can be confused if the last sector
is only partially used.

/DEVICETYPE:n

DOS does not care what type the device is, but in case some
utility program asks DOS for the type it can be specified with
this switch. This is normally set correctly if you use the /F
switch. Device types are

0 = 360K
1 = 1.2M
2 = 720K
3 = 8-inch single-density
4 = 8-inch double-density
 5 = Hard disk
6 = Tape drive
7 = 1.44M
8 = Read/Write optical
9 = 2.88M

/E /ENVIRONMENT

Set environment variables SRDISK1, SRDISK2 etc. to the drive

letters or SRDISK drives installed. You can then use the
variables in batch files to access the RAM disk.

For example:

REM Set environment variables without much output and

REM make a tiny disk at the same time
SRDISK /E /V:1 /F:1
SET TMP=%SRDISK1%:\TMP
MKDIR %TMP%

IF "%SRDISK2%" == "" ECHO You have only one SRDISK drive

/F:n /DOSFORMAT:n

DOS or FDFORMAT lookalike formats. The number n defines the disk

size in Kbytes. This option also sets all the other parameters
besides the size to match the corresponding DOS or FDFORMAT
created floppy disk.

The currently supported formats are

Size Media Device SPT Head Root

160 FE 360 8 1 64 DOS

180 FC 360 9 1 64 DOS
200 FD 360 10 1 112 FDFORMAT
205 FD 360 10 1 112 FDFORMAT
320 FF 360 8 2 112 DOS
360 FD 360 9 2 112 DOS
400 FD 360 10 2 112 FDFORMAT
410 FD 360 10 2 112 FDFORMAT
640 FB 720 8 2 112 DOS
720 F9 720 9 2 112 DOS
800 F9 720 10 2 112 FDFORMAT
820 F9 720 10 2 112 FDFORMAT
1200 F9 1.2 15 2 224 DOS
1440 F0 1.44 18 2 224 DOS
1476 F0 1.44 18 2 224 FDFORMAT
1600 F0 1.44 20 2 224 FDFORMAT
1640 F0 1.44 20 2 224 FDFORMAT
1680 F0 1.44 21 2 224 FDFORMAT
1722 F0 1.44 21 2 224 FDFORMAT
2880 F0 2.88 24 2 240 DOS

In addition to these there is a special format 1 to make a mini

disk. This can be used if you have your RAM disk in your PATH
and do not want to get Drive Not Ready errors when you have
freed the memory for RAM disk. Check your memory manager though:
 some memory managers allocate memory in 16K chunks and a 1K disk
uses as much memory as a 16K disk does.

/FILESPACE:n

Space available for files. The disk will be larger than n

Kbytes, since file allocation table and root directory always
take some space too.

Note that files usually take some extra space because the space
for them is allocated in clusters. For example, if cluster size
is 1024 bytes (1K), any file this long or smaller (but not 0
bytes) will use one cluster and thus 1024 bytes.

Subdirectories also use file space.

/FREEMEM:n /MAXSIZE

Memory available for other programs. The disk will be sized to

leave at least n Kbytes of memory to other programs. The disk
size may be less than necessary if there is some uncertainty
whether or not all the memory can be allocated.

FOR XMS MEMORY, THIS CAN ALLOCATE LESS THAN THERE IS AVAILABLE
SINCE XMS CAN NOT RELIABLY PUT ALL FREE MEMORY IN ONE BLOCK.
ALSO, SINCE SOME MEMORY MANAGERS ALLOCATE MEMORY IN BLOCKS OF 4
OR 16 KBYTES, THERE MIGHT BE 15 KBYTES LESS FREE MEMORY THAN
REQUESTED.

The disk can also be disabled if more free memory is requested

than there is available.

/MAXSIZE is same as /FREEMEM:0, thus using all safely available

memory for the disk.

If some program of yours needs free memory and you do not care
for disk contents, you can put for example

SRDISK /FREEMEM:1024 /YES

into a batch file to start to program. The /YES gives permission

to clear the disk if the disk can not be made small enough
otherwise.

/HEADS:n /SIDES:n

Number of heads for DISKCOPY compatibility. This is normally set

correctly if you use the /F switch.

/M:n[:n...]

Max sizes for different drivers chained to a drive.

Normally SRDISK uses as much space as is available on the first

driver and only then starts allocating on the second one. If you
want to use only up to some amount of memory on the different
drivers chained to one drive, you can define the amounts with
this option.
 For example to define first driver use only 100K of memory, give
command

SRDISK /M:100

If you would have three or more drivers chained into one drive,
you could define first and third to use 100K and let the other
drivers use as much as they were allowed to use before with
command

SRDISK /M:100::100

/MEDIA:n

Media ID byte for DISKCOPY compatibility. This is normally set

correctly if you use the /F switch.

Use Media IDs in the range from 0xF0 to 0xFF. Smaller values
make CHKDSK report that it is possibly non-DOS format media.

/O /OLD

Use old disk format where not explicitly redefined with command
line options.

/REGISTER

Displays the registration information.

/S:n /SECTORSIZE:n

Sector size (128, 256 or 512 bytes). Sector is the basic

allocation unit of a disk. Smaller sector size can decrease the
amount of memory wasted on boot sector, FAT and root directory,
but that is just about the only benefit of it. Clusters are
formed of sectors, so sector size can not be larger than cluster
size. DOS uses by default 512 bytes per sectors.

/SECTORS:n /SPT:n

Number of sectors per track for DISKCOPY compatibility. This is

normally set correctly if you use the /F switch.

/U /UNCONDITIONAL /ERASE

Clear disk contents. This implies option /YES.

If your disk gets corrupted and SRDISK refuces to reformat it,

try this switch. SRDISK should not then care about the current
disk, but rather just wipes it off and creates a new one.

/V:n /VERBOSE:n

Verbose level (1-5) to control amount of output. With /V:1 you

can limit the output to the title.

/W:x /WRITEPROTECT:x
 Write protection contol. The parameter x can be ON, + or nothing
to enable the write protection or OFF or - to disable it.

/Y /YES /FORCE
/NO
/ASK

These are to control the need of user intervention.

All questions in SRDISK are formed so that answer YES will give
permission to destroy data and continue, while NO will abort the
operation and try to preserve the data on the disk. By these
options you can give the answer on the command line.

/ASK is the default and means the user will be prompted to make
choise.

6. TROUBLESHOOTING

Causes of grief

1. RAM disks loose their contents when power is turned off! Do not store
anything valuable there.

2. There is no XMS nor EMS memory without a proper device driver.

HIMEM.SYS will do for XMS. For EMS you need to install the device driver
that came with your expanded memory hardware. QEMM can supply both on
386 or better hardware and you might be better off using the SRDEMS
driver with it.

3. Not all HIMEM.SYS support memory above 16M limit. HIMEM.SYS versions
2.78 and later should be good. Also these later versions may be limited
to 128000K blocks; solution is to link two (or more) SRDXMS.SYS drivers
(i.e. add "DEVICE=SRDXMS.SYS /A" line to CONFIG.SYS) and limit the first
one with command "SRDISK /M:128000". This will only break the /MAXSIZE
option.

4. DR-DOS 5 HIDOS.SYS does not implement the XMS resize function.

Therefore SRDISK may not be able to resize the disk unless you replace
the HIDOS.SYS with HIMEM.SYS.

5. Some programs swap themselves for a shell to the ramdisk. If you

change the format of the disk or clear the disk from such program, the
swapped program may not be able to recover and can crash your computer.

6. Some disk caching programs are reported to cache SRDISK too! This can
cause a system crash and caching a RAM disk is anyway useless. If you
use a disk cache, please load it before SRDxxx.SYS or tell it explicitly
not to cache the SRDISK drive.

7. SRDISK needs it's XMS memory in one contiguous area. Therefore if

SRDISK complaints about insufficient memory while you have plenty of it
free, the reason might be that some other program uses a piece of the
memory in the middle of the available memory. If you have a choise, use
EMS since it does not (usually) have this problem.
8. There can be problems with XMS memory when not enough of it can be
allocated. This may result in lost disk contents. Also some memory
managers that provide both XMS and EMS (like QEMM and the EMM386.EXE of
MS-DOS 6) can fool SRDISK to think there is more memory available than
there really is if SRDISK uses both XMS and EMS memory for the disk.

9. Some multitasking environments (like MS-Windows) can free the memory

allocated under them to the RAM disk. This will cause the data to be
lost and errors in programs that try to access the disk.

10. MS-Windows has buggy memory protection that prevents programs from
accessing memory allocated in another session. It also prevents using
EMS memory allocated for the SRDEMS.SYS driver outside Windows and for
the SRDEMS3.SYS driver inside Windows. In general you may find it better
to use SRDEMS3.SYS or SRDXMS.SYS and allocate any disk you will use
before starting Windows and never resize any disk while inside Windows.

7. TRADEMARKS

Oh, and we should not forget these (I can not verify they are correct,
but still):

QEMM is a trademark of Quartedreck Office Systems Inc.

Microsoft, MS-DOS, SmartDrive and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. DR-DOS is a trademark of Digital Research Inc. Intel is a
trademark of Intel Corporation. Lotus is trademark of Lotus Development
Corporation.

FDFORMAT is copyrighted by (and trademark of?) Christoph H. Hockst�tter,

Germany. Nice work.

SRDISK is my trademark.

If any mentioned trademarks are not included in this list, please tell
me about them. They are anyway hereby acknowledged.

8. LAST WORDS

Please, if you know of a way to get around the Windows 3.1 memory
protection, let me know about it.

You can contact me by sending E-mail from

Internet to `Marko.Kohtala@compart.fi'
CompuServe to `>INTERNET:Marko.Kohtala@compart.fi'

If the above address fails (if you do not get a reply, it propably has
failed), I can still be reached at `Marko.Kohtala@hut.fi'.

My surface mail address is

Marko Kohtala
PL 115
 FIN-01451 Vantaa
FINLAND

You can also call Airline BBS, 24H, HST, V.32, V.42, MNP, +358-0-8725380
and leave mail at the PRIV area to me, Marko Kohtala (sorry, no
netmail there). You can also always get the latest release of SRDISK
from there.

If you have access to Fidonet, Bitnet, UUCP mail or just about any
network, ask your system operator if you can mail to Internet.

You can find the latest release of SRDISK in United States, Illinois at

The Midrange System BBS

Sysop: David Gibbs
FidoNet: 1:115/439
Phones: 708-776-1062 and 708-776-1063, both have HST and V.32
Using Remote Access

You can file request latest version using magic file name SRDISK.