Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
Table I.
Component
SiO2
ZnO
CuO
Fe2O3
Al2O3
Ignition Loss
Other Oxides
(Na, Ca, K, Mg, Oxides)
Value, pct
50.41
15.23
10.55
8.43
1.81
12.40
1.17
Value
Concentration (mol/L)
Temperature [K (C)]
Agitation speed (rpm)
Average particle size (lm)
2, 3, 4*, 5
303 (30), 313 (40)*, 323 (50),
333 (60), 343 (70)
200, 300, 400*, 500
136, 120, 93, 71.5, 62.4*
III.
A. Leaching Reactions
Ammonium nitrate is the salt of a strong acid (HNO3)
and a weak base (NH3), and it has a weakly acidic
character. Ammonium nitrate ionizes in aqueous
medium according to the following reaction:
NH4 NO3 ! NH
4 NO3
1
NH
4 H2 O NH3 H3 O
2
4
5
2
CuNH3 2
2 2NH3 CuNH3 4
6
7
3
200, 300, 400, and 500 rpm while the values of the
solution concentration, reaction temperature, solid-toliquid ratio, and particle size were kept constant at
4 mol/L, 313 K (40 C), 2 g solid/0.5 L solution, and
62.4 lm, respectively. The results are given in Figure 4.
After 150 minutes of leaching, the extent of leaching of
copper from the ore increased from 72 pct to 89.8 pct
when the agitation speed increased from 200 to 500 rpm.
The experimental ndings indicate that the agitation
speed is a major factor in the leaching of the malachite
ore.
10
8
9
11
12
Table III.
The Apparent Rate Constants, kl, kr, and kd for Kinetic Models and Correlation Coecient Values
Diffusion Through the
Liquid Film
X
Parameter
kl (min1)
Concentration (mol/L)
2
3
4
5
Temperature [K (C)]
303 (30)
313 (40)
323 (50)
333 (60)
343 (70)
Stirring speed (rpm)
200
300
400
500
Particle size (lm)
136
120
93.0
71.5
62.4
R2
kr (min1)
R2
kd (min1)
R2
0.0050
0.0057
0.0067
0.0074
0.627
0.576
0.572
0.422
0.0021
0.0025
0.0032
0.0038
0.788
0.786
0.834
0.790
0.0013
0.0017
0.0026
0.0034
0.996
0.996
0.998
0.990
0.0043
0.0067
0.0093
0.0120
0.0167
0.722
0.572
0.390
0.332
0.285
0.0017
0.0032
0.0056
0.0073
0.0103
0.840
0.834
0.873
0.851
0.827
0.0009
0.0026
0.0057
0.0076
0.0107
0.995
0.998
0.992
0.986
0.980
0.0058
0.0062
0.0067
0.0073
0.630
0.575
0.572
0.473
0.0026
0.0029
0.0032
0.0038
0.820
0.800
0.834
0.817
0.0017
0.0021
0.0026
0.0038
0.997
0.991
0.998
0.993
0.0049
0.0053
0.0057
0.0062
0.0067
0.752
0.694
0.057
0.652
0.572
0.0021
0.0023
0.0025
0.0029
0.0032
0.874
0.847
0.860
0.850
0.834
0.0012
0.0014
0.0017
0.0021
0.0026
0.996
0.997
0.997
0.998
0.998
concentration, agitation speed, particle size, and temperature. The graphs obtained are given in Figures 7
through 10. The apparent rate constants calculated from
the slopes of the straight lines in Figures 7 through 10 and
their correlation coecients are given in Table IV. From
the results shown in Figures 7 through 10 and in
Table IV demonstrate that the kinetic model in Eq. [12]
is appropriate to explain this leaching process.
13
where C, PS, SS, Ea, R, and T represent the concentration, particle size, stirring speed, activation energy,
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
14
km (min1)
R2
0.0005
0.0008
0.0011
0.0016
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.999
0.0003
0.0011
0.0031
0.0041
0.0059
0.992
0.997
0.994
0.996
0.998
0.0006
0.0009
0.0011
0.0015
0.997
0.997
0.997
0.999
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.992
0.995
0.997
0.998
0.997
16
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
1. A. Akcl: Miner. Eng., 2002, vol. 15, pp. 119397.
2. M.E. Arzutug, M.M. Kocakerim, and M. Copur: Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res., 2004, vol. 43, pp. 411823.
_ Kayadeniz: J. Chem.
3. A. Ekmekyapar, S. Colak, M. Alkan, and I.
Technol. Biotechnol., 1988, vol. 43, pp. 195204.
4. S. Venkatachalam: Hydrometallurgy, Narosa Publishing House,
Delhi, India, 1998.
5. N. Habbache, N. Alane, S. Djerad, and L. Tifouti: Chem. Eng. J.,
2009, vol. 152, pp. 50308.