Results

Experiment 1 :

Table 7.1

Determination of absorbance value using spectrophotometer

Concentration ( ppm )

Volume of Chromium ( mL )

Absorbance Value

0.030

0.001

25

0.8

0.004

50

1.70

0.009

75

2.50

0.013

100

3.30

0.018

Experiment 2 :
Table 7.2

Determination of absorbance value of water sample using spectrophotometer

Water sample

Absorbance Value

Trial 1

0.131

Trial 2

0.117

Trial 3

0.104

Average value:

0.117

A
b
0.02
s
o
r 0.015
b
a
n 0.01
c
e
0.005
v
a
0
l
0
u
e
-0.005

Graph of absorbance value against concentration of

chromium (VI) solution (ppm)
y = 0.0037x - 0.0056

25

50

75

100

Concentration of Chromium (VI) solution (ppm)

Figure 7.1 : Graph of Absorbance Value against Concentration of Chromium (VI) in units of
p.p.m

Sample Calculations

Calculation of V1 :
(M1) (V1)

= (M2) (V2) ----------------- (1)

(300 p.p.m) (V1) = (1 p.p.m) (10 mL)

V1 = 0.03 mL

From the graph in figure 7.1, the linear line obtained from the graph plotted is given as:

Y = mx +c
= 0.0037x - 0.0056
As from the equation the value of m = 0.0037

By substituting y with the average of absorbance value of water sample, which is 0.100,
hence we get that:

Y = 0.117
Y = 0.0037x - 0.0056
0.117 = 0.0037x - 0.0056
0.117 + 0.0056 = 0.0037x
0.1228 / 0.0037 = x
X = 33.19

The x value is equivalent to the concentration of Chromium (VI) contains in the water
sample, which is 33.19 parts per million (ppm).

9. Discussion

Based on the result obtained, the volume of chromium (VI) solution needed to reach
expected concentration will increase as the concentration of Chromium (VI) increase. The
absorbance value will also increase as the concentration increase. The volume of chromium
(VI) and the absorbance value is directly proportional to the concentration of the chromium
(VI). The absorbance values of the solutions were obtained by using the spectrophotometer. It
3

is required 0.030 mL of Chromium (VI) solution to prepare 1 ppm concentration of

Chromium (VI) solution. The absorbance value obtained from this data is 0.001. Next, the
volume required to prepared 25 ppm concentration of Chromium (VI) solution is 0.8 mL. The
reading of absorbance value from the spectrophotometer is 0.004. In order to prepared 50
ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm concentration of Chromium (VI) solution, the volumes of
chromium (VI) required were 1.70 mL, 2.50 mL and 3.30 mL. The values of absorbance
value are 0.009, 0.013 and 0.018 respectively. From the graph, the absorbance value
increased as the concentration of the Chromium (VI) increased. The data were plotted by
using excel in order to get the best fit line. Chromium (VI) may also occur in the natural
environment, but high concentration of chromium (VI) in material used by human in daily
life may cause some harmful effect.

In experiment 2, the absorbance value of the water sample was measured by using the
spectrophotometer. Based on the result, the absorbance value for each trial were 0.131, 0.117
and 0.104. Hence, the average absorbance value for the water sample is 0.117. According to
the regulations, the maximum level of chromium in drinking water is 0.1 mg/L. The agencies
considered that the Chromium (VI) to be toxic at the concentration more than 0.1 ppm.
According to the calculation, the concentration value obtained in the water solution is 33.19
parts per million (ppm). Hence, the water sample used for the experiment is not suitable for
the usage of drinking water due to the high concentration of chromium (VI).