Substructure Design & Intro Exercise TU Delft

Thursday,13November2014
MScOffshore&DredgingEngineering
FacultyCEG,DepartmentHydraulicEngineering
Faculty3mE,DepartmentMaritime&TransportTechnology
BasisforStructuralDesign
Lectureoverview
1. Overviewlecturesonstructuraldesignandanalysis
2. SubstructureDesign:GeometryandConfiguration
JacketversusTower
Spaceframes
ElevationsandFraming
SubstructureConfiguration
PreliminaryMemberSizing
3. Introductiontotheexercise
AimoftheExercise
ProjectScope
WorkshoponSubstructureConfiguration
Phase1:PreliminaryDesign&EnvironmentalLoads
Phase2:StructuralAnalysis
OverviewLectures:StructuralDesignandAnalysis
Substructure:
Today:
SubstructureDesign:GeometryandConfiguration
Lecture5: EnvironmentalLoads
Tue18/11,10:4512:30,3mED
Lecture6: QuasiStaticbehaviourofTowers Thu20/11,10:4512:30,3mED
Lecture7: QuasiStaticbehaviourofJackets Tue25/11,10:4512:30,3mED
Lecture10: TubularJoints1
Mon01/12, 13:4515:30,3mED
Lecture11: TubularJoints2
Tue02/12, 10:4512:30,3mED
FoundationandTopsides:
Lecture13: FoundationDesigninPractice
Lecture14: TheoryofFoundationDesign,and
TopsidesDesign
Mon08/12, 13:4515:30,3mED
Tue09/12,10:4512:30,3mED
Inbetween:LecturesonDynamicsandFatigue
SubstructureversusFoundation:TowerorJacket?
DefinitionofaJackettypesubstructure:
Asubstructure,madeofatubularspaceframe,providingsupportfora
superstructurewithallorsomeofthefoundationpilesinsertedthrough
thelegs andconnectedtothelegsatthetop
DefinitionofaTowertype substructure:
Asubstructure,madeofatubularspaceframe,providingsupportfora
superstructurewithalloranumberofthefoundationpilesinsertedthrough
andconnectedtosleeves aroundthelegsatthebaseofthestructure
Additionalforboth:
Socalledskirtpilesmaybe
insertedthroughandconnected
tosleevesatthebaseofthe
structurebetweenthelegs
HandbookBFSp.540
JacketSubstructure
LegPileConnectionforaJacketSubstructure
Main Leg-Pile
Connection
above WaterLevel
Pile
ShimPlates
Slot
SealRod
Leg
Brace
HandbookBFSp.644
TowerSubstructure
TowerSubstructure PileSleeve
LegPileConnectionforaTowerSubstructure
GroutedSleeve
Connections
Pile
Sleeve
MainLegPile
connection
atseafloor
Grout
Annulus
Packer
Mudline
MudWiper
10
Designrequirementsforthesubstructure
Thesubstructuredimensionsaredeterminedby:
Dimensionstopside
Waterdepth
Dimensionsbaseofstructure(foundationrequirements)
Elevationoftophorizontalbracing/airgap
Substructure
Additionalaspectsare:
Number&positionofthelegs
Number&positionofpiles
Number&positionofwellconductors,and
Number&positionofworkinthewater(risers,caissons,sumps)
Basedontheabovewecandesignafixedsteelstructure:
3DSteelSpaceFrame
HandbookBFSp.516
11
SquareversusTriangularFraming
Ahingedsquareframeisstaticallyindeterminate
Aportalframeneedstobedesignedformoments
Ahingedtriangularframeisstaticallydeterminate
a3Dspaceframeisusuallyasetoftriangularframes!
HandbookBFSp.517
12
Planeandspaceframes
Planeframe:
Spaceframe:
Minimum#ofmembersneeded:
Minimum#ofmembersneeded:
M min 2 N 3
HandbookBFSp.519
M min 3 N 6
13
Typesofsubstructurebracepatterns
Allthesestructuresare
madeupoftriangles
HandbookBFSp.516
14
3DSteelTubularSpaceFrames
3DSteelTubularSpaceFramesare
veryeffectiveastheyprovide:
3Dstrengthand3Dstiffness,
Transparency,
Adaptability/Flexibility
Wedohoweverhavetoconsider:
Maintenance
Corrosion:
CoatingorSacrificialanodes?
Inhandbookandduringlectures:
Simplified 2Danalysis
Allloadsareconsideredtobeinplaneofframeandappliedatframenodes
Alljointsareassumedtobehinged
Consequently,onlyaxialforces inthemembers
15
Deckelevation
16
Deckelevation
17
WaterDepthsandDeckelevation
Waterdepthsmaybegivenas:
MSL:MeanSeaLevel
LAT:LowestAstronomicalTide
HAT:HighestAstronomicalTide
Relation:
LAT MSL
tide
HAT tide
2
Maximumwaterdepth:
tide
Dmax MSL
surge subs. settl.
2
airgap
Dmax
HAT
MSL
LAT
wavecrest
settlement
subsidence
stormsurge
1
2
tide
1
2
tide
Subsidenceisoftenmixedupwithsettlement:
Subsidence: Loweringoftheseafloordueto
theextractionofhydrocarbonsfromareservoir
Settlement: Loweringoftheseafloordueto
soilcompressionunderweightofthestructure
HandbookBFSp.57
18
WaterDepthsandDeckelevation
Waterdepthsmaybegivenas:
MSL:MeanSeaLevel
LAT:LowestAstronomicalTide
HAT:HighestAstronomicalTide
Relation:
LAT MSL
tide
HAT tide
2
Maximumwaterdepth:
tide
Dmax MSL
surge subs. settl.
2
airgap
Dmax
HAT
MSL
LAT
wavecrest
settlement
subsidence
stormsurge
1
2
tide
1
2
tide
Subsidenceisduetoreservoircompaction.
Settlementisduetosoilcompaction
Generally,wefindthewavecrestas55to
60%ofthe100yr waveheight(Hmax).
Anairgapisaddedasasafetymarginand
iscommonlychosenas1,5m.
HandbookBFSp.57
19
Terminology:BroadsideandEndon
Endon
loading
Diagonal
loading
Broadside
loading
Broadside
frame
Endon
frame
Diagonal
Endon
Broadside
Diagonal
20
TrueBatterAngle
Supposea:
1:10batterangleinbroadsidedirection,and
1:10batterangleinendondirection
The3D ortruebattermustthenhavearatio: 2 : 10
Thus,the truebatterangleisthenfoundas: 1 :
10
= 1 : 7,1
2
Max:
1:6
1:10
Mp
1
1
Broadside
Endon
Notethat,thebatterangleshouldnotexceed1:6soasnottoexceedthe
maximumallowablemomentinthefoundationpilesduringinstallation
21
Framing
Whensubmergedthetophorizontalframingdevelops
buoyancyforcesworkingagainstitsownweight.The
resultingfluctuatingverticalbendingmomentduringthe
passageofawavecrestcausesfatigueloads.
Tominimizefatigueissues,theelevationofthetop
horizontalframeischosenabovethetopofthewavesin
normaloperationalweatherconditions.Consequently,
theminimumelevationofthetophorizontalframing
shouldatleastbeequaltothewavecrest;
NorthernNorthSea: 8maboveMSL
MSL
SouthernNorthSea: 6maboveMSL
Themaximumelevationoftheuppermostsubmerged
horizontalframeischosensuchthatitisalwaysflooded.
Thus,forexampleat:LAT wavetrough surge.
Generallyofnoconcern,asinmostcasestheoptimal
framingleadstoalargerelevationdistancefromMSL.
Thebottomhorizontalframeshouldbesufficiently
elevatedabovemudlinetoallowforsettlements.
HandbookBFSp.520
Southern
NorthSea
6.0m
???
23
Selectionofbaydimensions
Forfabricationpurposes,thebays(orpanels)are
oftenchosengeometricallyequal:
Eachbayi hasdimensions: dimi 1 m dimi
b
Consequently,wecanfindm as: m N
b0
Thebayheightsarefoundas:
1
N
h hi h1 mh1 ... m N 1h1

m 1
i 1
h
h
1
N
N
mN 1
m
1
i 1
h h1 m h1
m 1
i 1
N
tan odd
hi
bi hi tan 1
tan even
hi
bi hi tan 2
Braceangles:
HandbookBFSp.541
1 2 even odd
,thusif
1 2 even odd
24
Baydimensions:Example
Q1: Whatistheratiom?
Q2: Whatistheheight
oftheupperbay?
25
BracingPatterns
Non
optimal
Diagonal
Bracing
XBracing
Better
Best
4050
26
Horizontalframing
Nexttoconfiguringthebroadsideandendon
frames,wealsoneedtoproperlyconfigurethe
Horizontalframing.
Horizontalframesgenerallyhave2functions:
Providesupportfortheinfrastructure
betweentopsidesandseafloor
Providestructuralstabilityandintegrity
Infrastructurebetweentopsidesandseafloor:
Providespaceforaconductorframe
Includeframingforrisers,sumps&caissons
Structuralstabilityandintegrity:
Horizontalframeshouldalwaysbestaticallydeterminate:sousetriangles asa
basicshapeforthememberbracings
IfBroadside,EndonandHorizontalframesareinturnstatically
determinate,thewholestructureisstaticallydeterminate
HandbookBFSp.57
27
RulesofThumbforPreliminaryMemberSizing
Oncetheconfigurationofthesubstructurespaceframeisknown,wecan
determinethecentretocentrelengthsofallmembersinthespaceframe.
UsingRulesofThumb,wecanusethislengthL todetermine:
InitialmemberdiametersD,Do,Di
Initialwallthicknessest
Generally,duetostabilityrequirements:Stiffness>Strength.
Consequently,diameterselectionisgenerallybasedonslenderness.
Slenderness:
KL
rg
Slendernessisanempiricalvalue:
Horizontalbracingmembers:
Diagonal,X andKbraces:
HandbookBFSp.523
L : Memberlength
,with K : EffectiveBucklingLengthCoefficient
r : RadiusofGyration
g
100
80
28
EffectiveBucklingLength
TheeffectivebucklinglengthisgenerallydescribedthroughthecoefficientK.
ThecoefficientK describestheratiobetweentheeffectivebucklinglengthofa
structuralelementandtheactuallengthofthatstructuralelement.
Leff
b
Leff
b
1 eff
2 b
Leff
K b 1,0
L
Leff
K b 0,5
L
Leff
K b 2,0
L
Valuesfortheeffectivebucklinglengthcoefficient:
Horizontal,diagonalandKbraces:
K 0,8 (slightlyconservative:0,70,75)
K 0,5
Xbraces:
K 1,0
Jacket/TowerLegs:
HandbookBFSp.522
29
RadiusofGyration
TheRadiusofGyration,orGyradius,isusedtodescribethedistributionofcross
sectionalareainacolumnarounditscentreofgravity.
I : 2nd momentofarea
,with
A : crosssectionalarea
I
rg
A
RadiusofGyration:
Fortubularmembers,wefind:
Crosssectionalarea:
2nd
momentofinertia:
D
4
64
Di2 A Dt
2
o
4
o
4
i
Consequentlywefindtheradiusofgyrationas:
Do
HandbookBFSp.522
Di
t2 3
I D t 1 2 D t
8
D 8
3
I
D 3t
D
rg
A
8 Dt 2 2
D Do t Di t
31
RulesofThumbforInitialMemberdiameters
Combiningtheobtainedvaluesandequationsforslenderness,bucklingcoefficient
andradiusofgyration,wefindthefollowingrulesofthumbforthedifferenttype
oftubularspaceframemembers
Horizontal
Diagonal,K
100
80
80
0,8
0,8
0,5
L
rg
125
100
160
D 0,023L
D 0,029L
D 0,018L
rg
KL
rg
D
2 2
NotethatalthoughD istheaverageofDo andDi,thefactorsintheserules

ofthumbareroundedupandmaythereforebeusedforDo aswell.
HandbookBFSp.523
32
RulesofThumbforInitialWallThicknesses
Todeterminetheinitialwallthicknessest ofthemembersinthespaceframe,we
userulesofthumbthatcomparethewallthicknesseswithmemberdiametersD.
Toallowforcoldrollingsteelplatesintotubulars:
D
24
t
Thepracticalupperlimitisapprox.foundas:
D
60
t
Membersinthetopofthestructurearegenerallyrequiredtoberelatively
thickduetosignificantwaveloading(fatigue),collisionsandcorrosion.
D
2530
Therefore,membersnearsealevel:
t
Membersthatarealwaysbelowsealevel,aregenerallysubjecttolowerloads
andthereforerequirelessthickwalls.
D
40
Therefore,membersbelowsealevel:
t
ForJacketandTowerlegs:
HandbookBFSp.523
D
60
t
33
NeutrallyBuoyantMembers
Assubstructurespaceframesaregenerallyfabricatedinanonshorefabrication
yard,theirbracingmembersareinternallydryandwatertight(closedwelds).
Consequently,submergedbracingmembersaresubjectto:
Gravityloadsfromtheirownweight,and
Buoyancyloadsduetothedisplacedwater
Abracingmemberisneutrallybuoyantwhen:
Weight:
Buoyancy:
Fg sg
D
4
2
o
Weight=Buoyancy
Di2 sg Dt
Fb w g Do2 w g D t
4
4
Theexactsolutionyields:
D t
4 s
Dt
D
t
2
t
D
s 7850 D
D 2 s w 2 s s w
28,60
w 1025 t
t
w
Byapproximation,wecanderive:
7850
4 s 2 4
2 28,63
w
t
1025
Intermsofouterdiameter,wefind:
Do D t D
1 29,6
t
t
t
HandbookBFSp.524
MScOffshore&DredgingEngineering
FacultyCEG,DepartmentHydraulicEngineering
Faculty3mE,DepartmentMaritime&TransportTechnology
J.S.Hoving
Introductiontotheexercise Overview
IntroductiontotheExercise:
AimoftheExercise
ProjectScope
Phase0:WorkshoponSubstructureConfiguration
Phase1:StructuralDesign&EnvironmentalLoads
Phase2:StructuralAnalysis
Deadlines&Deliverables
36
Introductiontotheexercise
PartofthecourseOE4651BottomFoundedStructures
consistsofanexerciseregardingthedesignandanalysis
ofaBottomFoundedOffshoreStructure.
Theexercisecountsfor25%ofyourfinalgrade;
Howevernotethat,topassthecourse,youneedto
atleastpasstheexercise.
Inotherwords:youwillonlygetafinalgradefor
thiscourse,ifyouareawardeda6orhigherfor
theexercise.
Theexerciseisperformedinteamsof3 students;
Naturally,weexpectmorefromagroupof3students
thanweexpectfromgroupsof2students.
Betweengroupmemberstheexercisegradewillnot
bedifferentiated.Itisthereforeextremelyimportant
toworkwelltogetherasateam!
37
Aimoftheexercise
Ofcourse,thereissoftwareavailabletodesignandanalysebottom
foundedoffshorestructures.But...
Whatdatawillweuseasinputforthesoftware?
Howdoweknowwhethertheresultingdesignisoptimal?
Softwareisgenerallysuitabletooptimizeyourdesign,forexample
usingstructuralanalysissoftwaresuchasSACS/USFOS.
However,thepreliminarydesignisperformed(mostly)byhand.
Additionally,performingthisexercisewill:
Provideunderstandingofthestructuralmechanicsofbottomfoundedstructures
Giveinsightintheinfluenceofenvironmentloadingtothedesignofbottom
foundedoffshorestructures
Allowyoutoquicklychecknumericalresultsbysimplifiedhandcalculations
Allowyoutopointoutpossibleissuesinthedesignandasktherightquestions.
Makeitmucheasiertopasstheexam(!)
38
ProjectScope
Shellhasnewlydiscoveredabiggasfieldin
thesouthernpartoftheNorthSea!
Inordertoanalysewhetherthedevelop
ment ofthisgasfieldisfeasible,youare
askedtodevelopthepreliminarydesign
ofanoffshorestructureforthislocation.
Atthegasfieldlocation,themeansealevel
is31.6m,whichmakesthislocationvery
suitableforasteelspaceframestructure,
withapiledfoundation;inthiscaseajacket.
Yourtasksinthisprojectcomprise:
Globalconfigurationofthejacketstructure;
Leadinguptothepreliminarydesign,
includinghorizontalframing;
Calculationoftheenvironmentalloading;
Structuralanalysis:member&foundationcheck.
Workshop(Phase0)
Phase1
Phase2
39
MetOceandata
ShellsMetOcean departmenthasdonesomepreliminary
researchandsuppliedyouwiththefollowingMetOcean data
forthelocationofthefield:
Waterdepth=31.6m(assumeaflatseabed)
Designwaveheight=9.6m(100yearwave)
Waveperiod=14.2s
Tidalrange=3.0m
Stormsurge=1.2m(+)/0.2m()
Surfacecurrentvelocity=2.2m/s
Marinegrowth=36mm
Subsidence=0.4m(atendofproductionlife)
Subsidenceisoftenmixedupwithsettlement,however
Subsidence: Theloweringoftheseafloorduetothe
extractionofhydrocarbonsfromitsreservoir
Settlement: Theloweringofthestructureduetosoilcom
pression undertheweightofthestructure
40
Functionalrequirements
6Conductors:
Wewillrequire6productionwellstoproducethe
field,thereforeourjacketneedstoaccommodate
6conductorswithanouterdiameterofD=32and
awallthicknessoft=1.
Thistypeofconductorrequiresa96ctcspacing.
2Risers:
Toexportthegas,therewillbean16exportriser.
Addi onally,another14risertiesintoour
platformfromanotherfield.
2Caissons:
a24 caissontopumpupfirewaterwithitstipat
12mbelowMSL,and
a24 caissonasasump,withitstipat26mbelow
MSL.
41
Jackupdrilling
Allwellswillbedrilledbyajackuprig,so
therewillbenoderrickonthejacket.
Additionally,thelayoutofyourstructurewill
dependontherequiredclearanceandthe
maximumoutreachofthejackupderrick!
42
Topsideslayout
Forthedesignofoursubstructure,weconsiderthetopsidesasaclosedbox
withalengthof30m,awidthof15mandaheightof20m.
Accordingtothetopsidesmanufacturer,thediameterofthedecklegsare36
andtheendondeckandbroadsidelegspacingarerespectively10mand20m.
Therewillbea25x25mhelideckandaplatformcrane,butnoboatlanding.
Theoperationalmassofthecompletetopsidesisestimatedat1700mt.
43
ConsiderationsfortheSubstructureGeometry
Toallowsufficientspacefortheshimmedconnection
betweenthefoundationpilesandthejacketlegs,the
connectionbetweenpilesandtopsidesdecklegsis
located2,5mabovetheuppermosthorizontalframing
Thedistancethatthetopsidesdecklegsextendbelow
thetopsidesdeckbottomdependsondeckleveland
theleveloftheuppermosthorizontalframing
Toavoidfatigueproblemsintheuppermost
horizontalframingduetowavesand
buoyancy,itsminimumelevationshould
atleastbe6maboveMSL atalltimes.
Accordingly,theminimumelevationoftheuppermost
submergedhorizontalframingshouldbechosensuch
thattheframeremainsflooded atalltimes.
Thepilebattershouldneverexceed1:6toavoid
operationalproblemsduringpiledriving.Thus,
abatterof1:7isallowed,abatterof1:5isnot.
2.5m
44
Phase0:WorkshoponSubstructureConfiguration
Purposeoftheworkshop:
Tohelpyouestablishtheglobalconfigurationand
layoutofyourjacketstructureassoonaspossible.
Theworkshopinvolves:
Registrationoftheteams
Firstsketchesandideasofaglobaljacketstructureconfigurationbasedonthe
functionalrequirements
DiscussionandQ&Aregardingyourjacketdesignperteam
Establishasoundglobaldesignforyourjacketstructure
45
GettingstartedwiththeSubstructureDesign
Whatdowehavetotakeintoaccountwhenestablishingoursubstructuredesign?
1. Determineminimumandmaximumwaterdepths.
2. Determinetheelevation ofthetopsidesdeckbottom,basedonthewater
depth,MetOcean dataandthesubsidence.
3. Determinetheelevation ofthetophorizontalframe,basedonthesubstructure
geometryconsiderations.(Donotforgettotakesubsidenceintoaccount!)
4. Determinethepileandlegbatter,bayheightsandthustheremainingframing
levels,basedonthegivenfunctionalrequirementsandsubstructuregeometry
considerations.
5. Determinethepositionandorientationofallsubstructuremembers,inboth
broadsideandendonframes,optimizingitsstructuralintegrity,i.e.focusing
onredundancyandstrength,whiletakingtheweldabilityofjointsintoaccount;
Notethat:optimalweldsareachievedatanangleofapprox.45,nevertheless
duetoequipmentsizetheanglesmayneverbesmallerthan30!
Thisisthepointwherewewantyoutobeaftertheworkshop!
46
Sizingofthejacketpiles,legsandmembers
Initiallyweassumethefoundationpilestohaveadiameterof42;Thepile
capacitiesaregiveninthetableinsection2.3forseveralpilediameters.
Generally,thediameterofajacketleghastobeabout46largerthanthepile
diametertoallowfor:
legwallthickness,
excessjointcanwallthickness,and
spacerplatethickness
Thememberdiametersareinitiallydeterminedusingthumbsofrule:
Diagonalmembers:
KL/rg 80
D=0,029L
Horizontalmembers:
KL/rg 100
D=0,023L
WallthicknessesofjacketlegsandmembersfollowfromD/tratios:
Forthelegs:
D/t60
Forthemembers:
D/t40
Notethatforcommerciallyavailablesteeltubulars:
Diametersgoupinstepsof2
Wallthicknessesgoupinstepsof0,125
47
Horizontalframing
Considerations:
Conductorbracings
Determinepositionofconductors,risers&caissons
Triangulationofbracings
Weldability:
Preferredanglesarebetween4050
Neverthelessanglesmustbe>30
Rulesofthumb:
Memberdiameters(KL/rg 80): D=0,029L
Memberwallthickness:
D/t40
Usecommonsensetocheckyourselves:
Amemberdiametershouldalwaysbesmallerthan
thediameterofthememberorlegtowhichthat
memberistobeconnected,tomakesurethata
sensibleweldingconfigurationisachieved
48
Loadsonasubstructure
Now: Thesubstructureconfigurationiscomplete,and
thesize(L,D,t)ofallsubstructureelementsisknown
Thus: WecannowdeterminetheloadingontheplatformfortheULScase,i.e.
forextremeenvironmentalconditionswitha100yearreturnperiod
Loadstobeconsideredare:
Wind,waves&currents
Permanenttopsidesloads(Weight)
Variabletopsidesloads(Operations)
Weightandbuoyancyofthesubstructure
Lecture5:Environmentalloads&Morisonequation Tue18/11
Thedesignwindloadsaregivenas:
Endonwindload=0,5MN
Broadsidewindload=0,8MN
49
Environmentalloads
MetOcean Data
PlatformConfiguration
Wavetheory(Airy)
StickModel
(Equivalentdiameters
fordrag&inertia)
Waveapproachangle
&phase+current
Waterparticle
velocities&
accelerations
Dontforget
MarineGrowth!
Lecture5:
Environmentalloads
MorisonEquation
Environmentalloading
50
TheStickmodel&Morisonequation
TheStickModel:
Considerthestructureasacylinder,withitsdiameteralternatingoverheight:
1. Wedeterminedifferentequivalentdiametersfordragandinertia
2. UsetheMorisonequationtodeterminethecorrespondingload
MorisonequationforacylinderwithdiameterD:
: waterparticlevelocity
u
: waterdensity
2
F 4 C M D u 12 C D Du u

C M : Inertiacoefficient
FI
FD
C D : Dragcoefficient
51
Directionalspreading
Environmentalconditionsaremultidirectionalandrandom.
Toaccountforthis,weusethedirectionalwavespreadingfactor:
Unidirectional:
ws =1
Omnidirectional:
ws =0,707(=)
2
Mostsituations:
ws =0,906
Thewavespreadingfactoristobeappliedtovelocitiesandaccelerations.
52
CurrentBlockage
TheMorisonequationconsidershydrodynamicloadstoasinglebody;
Often,wehavemultiplebodiestoconsidersimultaneously
Especiallycurrentisinfluencedbythepresenceofmultiplebodies
Currentblockagefactorsshouldalwaysbemultipliedbythecurrentprofile
53
Phase1:Preliminarydesign&environmentalloads
Nextsteps:
Userulesofthumbtodeterminepile,legandmembersizing
Sizingoftheinteriorofthehorizontalframes
Determineenvironmentalloading
Determinepermanentandvariableloads
Determineoverturningmomentandbaseshear
PhaseIDeliverables:(alsoseechapter5ofthehandout)
Initialdiameterandwallthicknessofallstructurecomponents
Drawingsofthebroadside,endonandhorizontalframeplans
Determinetheweightinairandasinstalledbuoyancy
Calculateequivalentdiametersfordragandinertiaand
drawingsoftheresultingstickmodelforyourstructure
Determinethehydrodynamicloadsatreferencelevels in
broadside,endon anddiagonaldirections
Givetheresultingoverturningmomentsandbaseshear
Deadline: Mon01/12,13:00,Email&BlueBox@CEG2.91
54
Phase1summarysheet
Asapartofyour
phase1report,
pleasesummarizeyour
phase1resultsusingthe
phase1summarysheet
giveninappendixF of
theexercisedescription.
55
StructuralIntegrity
Nextup:checktheplatformsstructuralintegrityunderdesignconditions.
FromPhase1,weknowtheloadsonthejacketstructure;
1. Determinewhethertheseloadsare:
PermanentLoads,
VariableLoads,or
EnvironmentalLoads
2. CombineloadsintodesignactionsusingLRFD;
wewillhereonlyconsidertheUltimateLimitState(ULS)
m
Permanentandvariableactions
only
1,18
1,3
1,5
Extremeconditions;
actioneffectsduetopermanent
andvariableactionsareadditive
1,18
1,1
1,1
1,35
Extremeconditions;
actioneffectsduetopermanent
andvariableactionsoppose
1,18
0,9
0,8
1,35
Partialloadfactors
56
Supportreactions
Considerthe2dimensional
problem,i.e.onepileoneither
side:
symmetricverticalloads
antisymmetricverticalloads
horizontalloads
overturningmoments
Theforcesonthepilesare
consideredinthelocalpile
coordinatesystem:
Pa
: axial
Pt
: transverse
Pm : moments
57
FoundationCheck
Weinitiallyassumedapilediameterof42,isthisenough?
Fortheaxialpilecheckusearesistancefactor:1.25
Forthelateralpilecheckuseresistancefactor:1.0
Ifso:
Ifnot:
(ISO19902)
(ISO19902)
Wehavechosenthecorrectfoundationpile
Wehavetochangethepilediameter
Pile diameter ()
30
36
42
48"
54"
60
72
Wall thickness ()
1,0
1,0
1,75
2,0"
2,25"
2,5
2,75
Ultimate compression (MN)
15,9
18,5
22,1
25,1
28,1
31,1
37,3
Ultimate tension (MN)
5,6
6,6
7,7
8,9
9,9
11,0
13,2
Ultimate lateral loading (MN)
1,5
2,5
3,5
4,5
5,3
6,9
9,4
Q:Whatistheinfluenceofchangingthepilediameter?
58
MemberCheck
Determine:
Axialforcesinthemembers
Momentsinthemembers
FrameAnalysis:
MomentsandShearalongthestructure
Sectionmethod
Legpile
connection
Guides
Lecture5:QuasistaticbehaviourofTowers Thu20/11
Lecture6:QuasistaticbehaviourofJackets Tue25/11
Resistancefactorstobeused:(ISO19902)
Memberaxialtension,bendingorshearcheck:1.05
Memberaxialcompressioncheck:1.18
Memberbucklingcheck:1.25
Formoreinfoonthis:
seeAppendixDoftheexercisedescription
59
Punchingshearcheckofajoint
N1
Forthepunchingshearcriterion,itisassumedthatduringtheULS,
thepunchingshearyieldsstressvp isuniformlydistributedover
thepunchingshearareaAp aroundthebraceperimeter:
vp
f y0
3
d1
q1
1 sin 1
Ap d1t0
2sin 1
vp
Thegoverningloadforpunchingshearisthevertical
componentofthetensileforceN1:
N1 sin 1 Ap v p
t1
N1 0,58 f y 0 d1t0
1 sin 1
2sin 2 1
d0
t0
Checkallbracesofajointforpunchingshearthatis:
1. Locatedbetweenleganddiagonalatmudline
2. Locatedbetweenleganddiagonalattophorizontalframe
Lecture10:TubularJoints1 Mon01/12
Lecture11:TubularJoints2 Tue02/12
60
Phase2:Structuralanalysis
Nextsteps:
Determinethesupportreactionsofthejacket
Performthefoundationcheck
Performthemembercheck
Performajointcheckforasinglejoint
Phase2Deliverables:(alsoseechapter7ofthehandout)
GivetheJacketsupportreactionsduetocombinedloads
Calculationsoftheaxial,lateralandbendingloadsonthepiles
Checkthefoundationpilediameterandwallthickness
Changefoundationpileifnecessaryandrecalculate(!)
Membercheckforthebracesinbroadsideandendonfaces
Punchingshearcheckofajointofyourchoice:
Betweenleganddiagonalatmudline
Betweenleganddiagonalattophorizontalframe
61
Phase2summarysheet
Asapartofyour
finalreport,
pleasesummarizeyour
finalresultsusingthe
phase2summarysheet
giveninappendixG of
theexercisedescription.
62
Deadlinesanddeliverables
Importantdatesandtimesfortheexerciseare:
Mon17/11 13:4515:30
WorkshopJacketConfiguration
Mon01/12 13:00
DeadlinedeliverablesPhase1
Mon05/01 13:00
DeadlinedeliverablesPhase2
Alldeliverablesaretobesubmittedindigitalformataswellas hardcopy.
Submitthedigitalversionofyourexercisereportsbyemailtoboth:
P.G.F.Sliggers@tudelft.nl,and
J.S.Hoving@tudelft.nl.
Submit1hardcopyofyourexercisereportstotheblueboxoutside
room2.91onthe2nd flooroftheFacultyofCivilEngineeringand
Geosciences,whichcanbeeasilyrecognizedbythispicture
If,atanytime,yourealisethatyouwontbeabletomakethedeadline;
63
64
FirststepsoftheSubstructureConfiguration
Whatdowehavetotakeintoaccountwhenestablishingoursubstructuredesign?
1. Determineminimumandmaximumwaterdepths.
2. Determinetheelevation ofthetopsidesdeckbottom,basedonthewater
depth,MetOcean dataandthesubsidence.
3. Determinetheelevation ofthetophorizontalframe,basedonthesubstructure
geometryconsiderations.(Donotforgettotakesubsidenceintoaccount!)
4. Determinethepileandlegbatter,bayheightsandthustheremainingframing
levels,basedonthegivenfunctionalrequirementsandsubstructuregeometry
considerations.
5. Determinethepositionandorientationofallsubstructuremembers,inboth
broadsideandendonframes,optimizingitsstructuralintegrity,i.e.focusing
onredundancyandstrength,whiletakingtheweldabilityofjointsintoaccount;
Notethat:optimalweldsareachievedatanangleofapprox.45,nevertheless
duetoequipmentsizetheanglesmayneverbesmallerthan30!
Thisisthepointwherewewantyoutobeaftertheworkshop!

Substructure Design & Intro Exercise TU Delft

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Substructure Design & Intro Exercise TU Delft

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Thursday,13November2014

h hi h1 mh1 ... m N 1h1

NotethatalthoughD istheaverageofDo andDi,thefactorsintheserules

Ultimate compression (MN)

Ultimate tension (MN)

Ultimate lateral loading (MN)

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