PRESIDENTS COLLEGE

NAME: Nickezah Arthur

CANDIDATE #:

DATE: 21 October, 2014

Skill: A&I

CAPE CHEMISTRY

PRACTICAL # 4

UNIT 1

GROUP # 4
Title: The determination of the order with respect to sodium thiosulphate for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate
and hydrochloric acid.
Aim: To investigate how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing
the concentration sodium thiosulphate.
Theory: Pertaining to the laboratory work sheet
In the reaction
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + SO2 (aq) + S (s) + H2O (l)
Rate = k [Na2S2O3] [HCl]
The rate equation simplifies to the form
Rate = k [Na2S2O3]
When an excess of hydrochloric acid relative sodium thiosulphate is used. The disappearance of sodium thiosulphate is
followed by a stop-clock.
Rate =
The extent of reaction in this reaction is monitored by the deposition of a specified amount of sulphur which obscures a
black-ink cross viewed from directly above the reaction apparatus.
Rate
Procedure:
Place the sodium thiosulphate water mixture for the respective into a conical flask.

Volume of Na2S2O3
(dm3)
Volume of H2O (dm3)
[Na2S2O3] (mol/dm3)
ln [Na2S2O3]
1/[Na2S2O3] (dm3/mol)
Time (sec)

Expt 1
25

Expt 2
20

Expt 3
15

Expt 4
10

Expt 5
5

10

15

20

25

Measure 20 cm3 of HCl (using another measuring cylinder) and pour it all at once into the
sodium thiosulphate water mixture, whilst starting a stop clock (or watch) at the same time.

Swirl the mixture for five (5) seconds, place the flask on a sheet of paper marked with a blackink cross, and watch the cross on the paper as viewed through the conical flask from above the
reaction apparatus.

Calculate the concentration of sodium thiosulphate in the reaction mixture (s).

Note: Molarity of original solution x volume of original solution =
Molarity of diluted solution x,volume of diluted solution.
(Note that the total volume of the sodium thiosulphate water mixture was
conserved.)

Plot graphs of (i) ln [Na2S2O3] vs. time

(ii) 1/ [Na2S2O3] vs. time
What is the value of in the simplified rate equation for this reaction? (i.e. the order
of the reaction with respect to sodium thiosulphate).
Explain how you determined this value..

Experimental Report

The experimental report is an honest description of the experimental results and observations. The format for
writing your laboratory report/internal assessment (IA) is as follows:
1. Title: the experimental title as written on the laboratory hand-out.
2. Aim or Objective: the purpose of carrying out the experiments.
3. Theory: as written in the laboratory hand-out or any chemistry text book used. The references may be
included here. There is no need to rewrite the theory as is written. So, this should read: As per laboratory
handout or as per reference (quote the reference).
4. Procedure: is a formal report of what is being done in the laboratory. It must include everything as is
written in the experimental procedure and any additional work as indicated by the lecturer. It must be
written in past tense.
5. Diagram(s): this is a pictorial representation of the experimental setup. It must be well represented,
labelled and drawn to scale. Label to the right side of the diagram(s).
6. Results: the actual experimental observations and measurements. All measurements must be recorded.
Accuracy and precision must be stressed. All units must be quoted with consistency.
7. Calculations: calculations must be done in a stepwise manner. Chemical equations must be used. Ensure
to highlight the limiting reagent and use moles in the evaluation and consistency in units of
measurements must be stressed.
8.

Discussion: this should include comparison of experimental results with theoretical value. Give reasons
for deviations from theoretical findings. Account for errors in the experiment.

9. Questions: these must be answered briefly and accordingly.

10. References: quote all literature references used in the experimental write up.

Chemistry
Title: the determination of the order with respect to sodium thiosulphate for the
reaction between Sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.
Aim: To investigate how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and
Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration sodium thiosulphate.
Theory: Pertaining to the laboratory work sheet
In the reaction
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + SO2 (aq) + S (s) + H2O (l)
Rate = k [Na2S2O3] [HCl]
The rate equation simplifies to the form
Rate = k [Na2S2O3]
When an excess of hydrochloric acid relative sodium thiosulphate is used. The
disappearance of sodium thiosulphate is followed by a stop-clock.
Rate =
The extent of reaction in this reaction is monitored by the deposition of a specified
amount of sulphur which obscures a black-ink cross viewed from directly above the
reaction apparatus.
Rate

Apparatus:
-Sodium Thiosulphate (different concentrations)
-Hydrochloric acid (same concentration each time)
-Water (different concentrations)
-2 cylinders
-1 conical flask
-Stop watch
-Paper with black cross on it

Procedure
1. The apparatus was set up as shown in the diagram below.
2. Experiment one was carried out, where 25 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate was
measured and poured into the conical flask along with 5 cm3 water and 20 cm3
HCL, which was added when the stop watch started.

3. The time taken for the cross to disappear was recorded.

4. Steps 2 to 3 were repeated for experiment 2 to 5 for which the following volume
of sodium thiosulphate were used; 20cm3, 15cm3, 10cm3, 5cm3. Water level was
increased by 5cm3 for experiment 2 to 5 while the HCL remains constant
throughout the experiment.
5. All observations were recorded and the various calculations were made.

Diagram showing the experiment of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate

and hydrochloric acid.

Results
In reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid a milky white
precipitate was formed and the time taken for the reaction to complete increased
throughout experiment one to five.

Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment

one (1)
two (2)
three (3)
four (4)
five (5)
Volume of
Na2S2O3
(cm3)
Volume of
H2O (cm3)
[Na2S2O3]
(mol/dm3)
ln
[Na2S2O3]
1/[Na2S2O3]
(dm3/mol)
Time (sec)

25

20

15

10

10

15

20

25

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

-2.99

-3.21

-3.50

-3.91

-4.60

1/o.o5

1/o.o4

1/o.o3

1/o.o2

1/o.o1

58

80

112

232

19.35

Calculation
Note: Molarity of original solution x volume of original solution =
Molarity of diluted solution x volume of dilute solution.
(The total volume of the sodium thiosulphate water mixture was conserved.)
Experiment one (concentration of sodium thiosulphate)
M1V1 = M2V2
0.1mol/dm3 * 25cm3 = M2 * 50cm3
M
2

= 0.1mol/dm3 * 25cm3
50cm3

= 0.05 mol/dm3
Experiment two (concentration of sodium thiosulphate)
M1V1 = M2V2
0.1mol/dm3 * 20cm3 = M2 * 50cm3
M
2

= 0.1mol/dm3 * 20cm3
50cm3

= 0.04 mol/dm3

Experiment three (concentration of sodium thiosulphate)

M1V1 = M2V2
0.1mol/dm3 * 15cm3 = M2 * 50cm3
M
2

= 0.1mol/dm3 * 15cm3
50cm3

= 0.03 mol/dm3

Experiment four (concentration of sodium thiosulphate)

M1V1 = M2V2
0.1mol/dm3 * 10cm3 = M2 * 50cm3
M
2

= 0.1mol/dm3 *10cm3
50cm3

= 0.02 mol/dm3
Experiment five (concentration of sodium thiosulphate)
M1V1 = M2V2
0.1mol/dm3 * 5cm3 = M2 * 50cm3
M
2

= 0.1mol/dm3 *5cm3
50cm3

= 0.01 mol/dm3

Discussion:
The rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid can be
influence by many factors, but one of the main factor is concentration which helps
to determine whether the reaction take place at a fast or slow rate and the time taken
for the reaction to be completed.
In the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, it was seen that
as the concentration of sodium thiosulphate decreases, the time taken for the
solution to change to a milky white precipitate increases, which shows that it is an
inverse relationship. When the equilibrium of the reaction was reached an SO2 gas
and water was released. The more concentrated the solution is , more frequent
collision will take place ,hence as the volume of sodium thiosulphate kept
decreasing , the reaction between the molecules of both solution was slower which
caused the reaction to take a longer time to be completed. . The results were fairly
reliable under our conditions. They could be a bit off from bad measuring, unclean
equipment and the timing

..
Conclusion
From the above experiment between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid it
can be concluded that concentration is the main factor which influences the
outcome of a reaction. In this case it is seen that the stronger the concentration the
faster the reaction.
References:
www.google.com
www.chemistry