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EE 100

Prof. Paresh Kale

Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
NIT Rourkela.
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DC Machines by Dr. Paresh Kale

DC MACHINES (EE 101)

SYLLABUS
Circuit Theory

Electrical Machines

Introduction

DC Machines

DC Networks

Transformers

Single phase AC Circuits

Induction Motor

Three phase AC Circuits

Electrical measuring

Magnetic Circuits

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Construction
EMF and torque equations
DC motor starters
Speed control of DC motors

instruments

DC Machines by Dr. Paresh Kale

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LECTURE PLAN

TEXT BOOKS

Introduction Working and construction,

(1)

EMF equation , Armature reaction, commutation

(1)

Classification, speed-torque characteristics, Power

(2)

Starters, field control method

(1)

Armature control method and Ward Leonard control

(1)

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DC Machines by Dr. Paresh Kale

DC Machines by Dr. Paresh Kale

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Introduction by Dr. Paresh Kale

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REFERENCE BOOKS FOR THIS CHAPTER

Fundamentals and
Working of DC machine
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Introduction by Dr. Paresh Kale

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DC Machines by Dr. Paresh Kale

TORQUE

REVIEW OF PHYSICS

Tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis

Newtons law for translation:

F=ma
F in Newtons, m in kg, a in

Unit of torque : N-m

Counterclockwise torques are +ve and clockwise torques are ve.

m/s2.

Acceleration
a = dv / dt

ccw

Positive torque:
Counter-clockwise, out
of page

Kinetic energy

cw

E = m v2
E in Joules, m in kg, v in m/s.

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Negative torque: clockwise, into page

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ENERGY CONVERSION IN ELECTRICAL

MACHINES

CONCEPT OF WORK AND POWER

Electrical
system

Power

Work

Electric Machine

T, n
Motor
Energy flow

= (Watts).

= (Watts).

Power often expressed in

Conversion from mechanical to electrical: generator

horsepower = 746 Watts

Conversion from electrical to mechanical: motor

Generator

where x is the distance (m) through

An electrical machine is link between an electrical

system and a mechanical system.

which the force acts.

Work done by a torque = T

(Joules)

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Mechanical
system

e, i

Power is rate of doing work.

(Joules)

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ELECTRIC GENERATOR

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ELECTRIC MOTOR

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FLEMINGS LEFT HAND RULE

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Used
for
Motor

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engineering by Dr. Paresh Kale

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FLEMINGS RIGHT HAND RULE

The direction of the mechanical force exerted by the conductor

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Used for
Generator

If the first finger of right hand is pointed in the direction of magnetic flux

Force always act in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the

conductor and the magnetic field direction

If the thumb is pointed in the direction of motion of the conductor

relative tot eh magnetic field

Hold the thumb, first finger and

second finger of the left hand
mutually at right angles

Second finger held at right angles to both thumb and first finger,
represents the direction of the emf

Point First finger in Field direction

SeCond finger in Current direction
thuMb indictes the direction of
Mechanical force exerted by the
conductor

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FORCE DETERMINATION

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FORCE DETERMINATION

Force on the current carrying conductor at right angles to a

magnetic field increases

For a magnetic circuit having

When current increases and,

When magnetic field becomes strong

A = cross sectional area of A square meters

B = uniform flux density (Tesla),
(phi) = Total flux in webers (Wb)

Force on conductor current . Flux density . Length of the conductor

Unit of flux density is the density of magnetic field such that a
conductor carrying 1 ampere at right angles to that field has a force
of 1 newton per metre acting upon it.

Unit of flux density is tesla (T) and symbol is B

1 T = 1 Wb/m2

=
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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered
electromagnetic induction
a method of obtaining a an electric
current with the aid of magnetic flux
First law: When a conductor cuts or is
cut by magnetic flux, an emf is
generated in the conductor
Second law: Magnitude of generated
emf is proportional to the rate at which
the conductor cuts or is cut by the
magnetic flux

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GENERAL PHYSICS OF MOTOR

LENZS RULE
1834, Heinrich Lenz (German physicist)
The direction of an induced emf is always such that it tends to
set up a current opposing the motion or the change of flux
responsible for inducing that emf

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

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BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Classification of motors

Electrical
Machines
DC
machine

AC
machine
Synchronous
machine

Induction
machine

Machines are called AC machines (generators or

motors) if the electrical system is AC.
DC machines (generators or motors) if the electrical
system is DC.
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