SULIT

SPM14CA

PRESENTING YOU,

SULIT

SPM14CA
20 TOP LISTS OF DEFINITIONS FOR PHYSICS SPM 2014

Acceleration
Mass
Free Fall
Inertia
Impulsive Force
Gravitational Potential
Energy
Buoyant Force
Heat
Specific Latent Heat of
Fusion
Refraction of Light
Critical Angle
Focal Length
Linear Magnification
Damping
Interference
Induced Current
Electromagnetic
Induction
Thermionic Emission
Doping
Nuclear Fission

Rate of change of velocity

Amount of matter in an object
When an object falls due to the force of gravity without any
influence from any other ext force
Properties of object to resist any changes when the object is at
rest or moving with constant velocity
Rate of change of momentum
Energy possessed by object due to its higher position in the
gravitational field
Upward force produced by an object when it is partially or
completely immersed in the fluids
A form of energy that is transferred from a hot body to a cold
body
Amount of heat required to change 1kg of substance from solid to
liquid phase without change in temperature
Bending of light ray at the boundary of two medium as the light
ray propagates from a medium to another
The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90
Distance between the focal point and optical centre
Ratios of size of image to the size of object
Damping is an oscillating system occurs when the system losses
energy to the surrounding
Superposition of two coherent waves
The current which is produced when there is relative motion of a
conductor across a magnetic field
Production of an electromagnetic force in a conductor when there
is a relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field
The emission of electrons from the surface of a heated metal
A process of adding a small amount of impurities into
semiconductors
Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two smaller nuclei with the
release of energy

SULIT

SPM14CA

RAMALAN FOR 2014 (ESSAY)

PAPER 2

Angle
Water rocket / golf / javelin
o 45* : maximum horizontal distance
Arrow Competition
o Slightly higher than target : The path is curved downwards
due to gravitational force
Law of Reflection
o Incidence ray = Reflection angle
Incidence angle greater than critical angle (i > c)
o So that total internal reflection will occur
Smaller critical angle
o Higher refractive index

Shape / Structure
Aerodynamic / Aerofoil : Reduces air resistance
Streamline ( Ship ) : Reduce water resistance
Hydrodynamic ( Submarine ) : Reduce water resistance
Inverted Aerodynamic : Bigger downward force which will
make the vehicle more stable [ Ex : Racing car ]
Dome Shape : Improve acoustic
Cylinderical Shape : Provide uniform magnetic flux [ Ex :
Magnet ]
Sharp : To produce greater pressure [ Ex : Pile ]
Concave / Curved Shape : To produce radial magnetic flux
Hollow : To reduce the impulsive force

SULIT

SPM14CA

Surface / Colour
Soft : Less water resistance [ Ex : Sail boat ]
Shiny : Good light / heat reflector
White / Bright Colour : Good light / heat reflector
Black / Dark Colour : Good heat absorber
Lager Surface Area : Smaller pressure
o Ex. of advantages of larger surface area
Tractor tyre : Smaller pressure
Sailing boat : Can trap more air
Solar panel : Can absorb more heat
Cooling fins (car radiator) : Rate of heat released is faster

Size
Bigger Size
Can displace more air which will produce a bigger buoyant
force ( hot air balloon )
Can displace more water which will produce a bigger buoyant
force ( water raft )
Can displace more water which will enable the hydrometer to
float ( hydrometer )
Blade for car radiator : Heat released faster
Combustion chamber in jet : More space for the fuel to be
burnt
Propeller : To produce greater forward thrust

Smaller Size Diameter

Bulb of thermometer : Rate of heat transfer is faster
Cooking pot : Rate of heat transfer is faster
Fibre optic : Does not occupy big space

SULIT

SPM14CA

Bunsen burner (nozzle) : Gas will flow with higher speed

which produce lower pressure region
Rocket (nozzle) : Hot gases can eject at a higher speed which
will produce the backward momentum
Capillary tube in thermometer : High expansion of mercury

Wider
Tyres : Produce low pressure on road / more stable

SULIT

SPM14CA

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
SECTION B / C

Strong / High strength : Does not damage easily

Light : Easier to carry / move faster / high acceleration
Low density : Lighter
High melting point : To withstand high temperature
High boiling point : Does not vaporize easily
Hard : Does not change shape
Low rate of rusting / Corroding : Long lasting
Heavier mass : Larger momentum / withstand high pressure
Low specific heat capacity : Heat transfer is faster
Poor heat conductor : Heat up slowly
Air tight : Less heat loss
High specific heat capacity : Can absorb more heat
Lower rate of oxidation : Long lasting
Soft material : Decrease impulsive force
High thermal conductivity : Transfer of heat better
High specific latent heat of vaporization : Absorb more heat
High elasticity : Bend easily
Thicker lens : High power / bigger magnification
Shorter focal length : Bigger magnification
High refractive index : Smaller critical angle
Bigger radius of curvature of mirror : Brighter image
Concave mirror : Can produce magnifies image
Convex mirror : Has wider view
Low resistance : Power loss can be reduced
Low rate of expansion : Lower resistance
Liquid state : Can flow easily
Solid state : Easier to handle
Low ionising power : Minimum damage to tissue / organ

SULIT

Shorter half-life : Decay faster

Longer half-life : Long lasting
Lower centre of gravity : More stable
High viscosity : Less friction
Waterproof material : To prevent water entering
Low freezing point : Does not freeze easily
Low power : Longer focal length
Low resistivity : Increasing the conductivity
Rigid : Not easy to crack

SPM14CA

SULIT

SPM14CA

SECTION C

Helmet (outer shell) : Fibre glass = Stronger / Lighter

Interior shell of helmet : Polystyrene = Reduce impulsive force
Body of vehicle : Carbon fibre = Strong / Lighter
Spring for baby cradle : Copper = Soft / Strong
Building material for ship : Titanium = Stronger / Lighter
Boat : Fibre composite = Lighter / Stonger
Hot air balloon / Parachute : Polyester = Air proof material
Hot air balloon (near the burner) : Nomex = Fire resistance
Kettle : Nichrome = Higher resistance
Electrical wire : Copper = Good conductor
Lamp / Bulb : Fluorescent = High efficiency
Fuse wire : Tin alloy = Low melting point
Transformer : Soft iron = Can be mag / demagnetized easily
Oil : Less air bubbles / Smaller specific heat capacity
Copper : Low resistance
Aluminium : Lighter / Stronger
Steel : Strong

SULIT

SPM14CA

#FORCES AND MOTION SPM 14

F = ma
F/m = a [ Lower the mass, higher the acceleration ]
P = m/v [ Lower the density, low the mass ]
P = mv [ Bigger mass, bigger the momentum ]
F = m (v-u)/t [Longer impact time, smaller impulsive force]
Ek = 1/2mv^2 [ Higher speed, higher kinetic energy ]
Eg = mgh [ Higher height, higher the grav. Potential
energy ]
Ee = 1/2Fx , 1/2 kx [ Thicker the spring, more higher the
elastic potential energy ]
Higher position : Higher speed
Moving any object faster : To transfer higher energy to
the object

SULIT

SPM14CA

POWER

Higher Power
Bulb : Brightness increases
Engine of car : Bigger forward thrust
Lens : Shorter focal length / Bigger magnification
Fan : Higher speed / Higher current
Lowe Power
Bulb : Safe cost
Heating element : Heat of slowly

SULIT

SPM14CA

MODIFICATION & DESIGNING QUESTIONS

#Rumours are saying that there is a slight change in paper 2 section b/c where they wont be
providing us any characteristics, aspects & modification anymore which means we can choose any
suitable aspects and list it

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR THIS YEAR

1. A group of fishermen plan to go for deep sea fishing for three

months. The boat that they are using is not suitable and they
decided to make modifications to it. Using appropriate physics
concepts, suggest and explain the modifications that have to be
done to the boat.
Sample Answer
Shape - Streamline
Materials used must be strong
Materials used - hard
Use sonar system for fish detector
Install a cooling compartment
Smooth surface board
Low density material

To reduce water resistance

So boat will not break on impact of water
So boat does not change shape / balanced
As sonar can be reflected back
To lower fish temperature ensure they remain
fresh
Reduce friction towards water
Lighter

2. Modification for torchlight.

Sample Answer
Use concave share mirror
Bulb at principal focus
Batteries connected in series
Use copper connecting wire
Use strong material such as aluminium alloy
Torchlight must made of waterproof

Reflected ray is converging

Reflected ray can form a parallel beam
Produce large current
Low resistance
Last long
Unaffected by water

3. Design a rocket which can travel outer space with a higher

SULIT

SPM14CA

acceleration.
Sample Answer
Aerodynamic shape
Use low density material
Use liquid oxygen
Has several stages that can be slip
Increase the size of the combustion chamber

To reduce air resistance

It will be lighter
Boosting combustion
To decrease the mass of the rocket
More space for fuel to be burnt

4. Explain the modification that should be done to a spring cradle to

support two babies placed at the same time.

Sample Answer
Arrangement of spring must be parallel
Smaller diameter of spring coil
Size of cradle must be large
Spring should be made up of stiff material
Larger diameter of spring wire

Can support larger load

Can support larger load
To support two babies at the same time
Can support larger load
Higher stiffness of spring

5. Suitable hydraulic pump to raise cars in a motor workshop

Sample Answer
Type of liquid used is oil
Size of cylinder under the car must be big
Amount of liquid must full
Type of material used is steel

Oil is suitable because doesnt evaporate easily

To produce bigger force to lift the car
Pressure can be transmitted efficiently
Rate of oxidation is slow

6. Features of the hot air balloon so that it can rise up fast and safe.
Sample Answer
Bigger size
High temperature of air
More number of burners
Total mass is low
Envelope made of synthetic nylon

To produce bigger buoyant force

To produce less dense air
To produce hot gasses in shorter period of time
Balloon move upward faster
Strong / lighter

7. Using knowledge on reflection of light, explain the characteristics

of an anti-theft mirror that can be used to have a clearer view of

SULIT

SPM14CA

the shops interior.

Sample Answer
Convex mirror
Larger diameter
Bigger curvature of mirror
Less thickness
Position: Top corner

Wider view
More objects can be seen
Wider view
Avoid multiple image formed
Can monitor easily by observer

8. Specification for the construction of an auditorium hall.

Sample Answer
Dome shape roof
Sound proof materials for wall
Soft materials for seat
Powerful speakers
Floor covered with thick carpet

Improve acoustic
To avoid disturbance from outside
To absorb sound
More louder
To absorb sound

9. Specification of fuse wire to prevent damage to the electrical coil

due to overheating.
Sample Answer
Lower specific heat capacity
Lower melting point
Smaller diameter of fuse wire
High resistivity
High thermal conductivity

Shorter time to heat and melt

Can melt easily when larger current flows
High resistance
More heat released
Transfer the heat better

10. Specification of cables for National Grid Network.

Sample Answer
Cables with bigger diameter
Cables with small density
Cables with smaller rate of expansion
Cables with lower specific heat capacity

Decrease resistance
Lighter
The danger of the cable snapping is reduced
Temperature rise will be lower

11. Design a loudspeaker which can produce a loud sound.

Sample Answer

SULIT
Shape of magnet is cylindrical
The coil is placed surrounding the magnet
Cone is made of light material
A.C power supply is used
Material for body of loudspeaker is metal

SPM14CA
It will produce uniform magnetic field
To increase the effectiveness of counter react
between the magnetic field
It can easily vibrate
Audio signal varies with the current
To ensure loudspeaker is strong

12. Determine transformer with the highest efficiency.

Sample Answer
Type of wire copper wire
Type of core - soft iron
Design of core - laminated
Method of winding wind the secondary coil on
top of primary coil

Low resistance
Can be mag / demagnetized easily
Reduce energy loss due to eddy current
Reduce flux leakage

13. As a factory engineer, you are required to determine the most

suitable radioisotopes that can be used by the system to ensure the
volume of guava juice is uniform.
Sample Answer
Has a long half life
Emits beta
Solid form
Low ionising power

Can be used for a long time hence save cost

Can penetrate box and liquid and less dangerous
than gamma
Easy to handle
Does not change the state or taste of juice