Dinham and Scott (2008) defined autocratic styles as an authoritarian who

decides on what goals to be achieved, and directs and controls all activities. A
teacher who practices authoritarian style decides what needs to be done in the
classroom during the teaching and learning process. This type of teacher also
selects what objectives that the teaching needs to achieve. From the text given,
we can see that Teacher K is an authoritarian teacher. She uses autocratic style
in her teaching. Peterkin (1996) agrees that the autocratic leadership style is
determined by the leaders power. We can see this from what Teacher K
practices in her teaching style where she plans the lesson based on the syllabus
and the textbook without taking into considerations about the students needs.
Thus, the teaching and learning that takes places in her classroom tells us that
Teacher K has the power within the lesson. This can be seen from the text where
Teacher K provides and decides everything in the classroom to the students.
Cherry (2009) states, autocratic leaders typically make choices based on
their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. This
can be seen when the teaching materials that Teacher K uses are the
worksheets from a workbook and also exercises from the textbook. From this, we
can see that there were no negotiations made with the students on what
teaching and learning process should be. She did not take any ideas or
thoughts from the students. She is the sole contributor within the teaching and
learning process since she made her own choices on what the students need to
learn. To strengthen this point, we can see that she also uses lectures in her
teaching. This shows that she did not give any chance for the students to
choose what they like or otherwise. Thus, we can see that Teacher K practices
authoritarian styles as she makes the sole decisions within the classroom (Bosiok,
Sad, Serbia, 2013)
Besides that, we can see that Teacher K uses authoritarian styles as she
always aim for the students to finish the tasks that they are given with, as Peterkin

(1996) claims, the leader in autocratic style generally gets things done. We can
see that Teacher K always provides information to the students. On top of that,
the text tells us that there were some students who are not able to answer the
questions correctly. She then, however, provided the answers to the questions.
This generally tells us that Teacher K wanted the students to finish their tasks and
exercises given in the classroom, without considering whether the students
manage to understand the lesson or otherwise.
Giving out the answers to the questions when the students did not manage
to complete the tasks due to the insufficient time given tells us that Teacher K
only focuses on the procedures rather than the students (Dinham and Scott,
2008). With the inadequate time given to the students as well as the higher order
thinking questions provided to the students, this shows that Teacher K did not
focus on the students level of understanding, rather, she emphasis more on
students completing the provided exercises. She did not take any considerations
on what the students went through throughout the lesson. In addition, Teacher
K also seldom paid attention to the weak students. We can see that, from this
statement, these students will not develop in terms of their cognitive. Since she
rarely attended to these students, it will affect the students achievement in their
learning. Thus, this proves to us that Teacher K only focuses on the objectives of
the lesson; which are to complete the tasks given and also to finish the exercises
provided.
Teacher Ks style reflected a lot on the behavioral theory. Based on
________, it states that the relation between people can affect the behaviour
and the action they portray. From the text, it tells us that the students from
Teacher Ks class always showed interest in their learning. Since Teacher K has a
very good social rapport with them, it tells us that these students are affected by
what Teacher Ks action which is having a good social relation with them. This is
again, supports by _______ where they claim that the attitude of the leader can

give impact to the students in doing or completing their tasks. This shows that the
students showed interest in the learning because of what they (Teacher K and
the students) share.
Besides that, Teacher K possesses both types of leaders trait which are task
orientation as well as human relation orientation. ______ defines task orientation
as focusing on the tasks while human relation orientation is defined as the
attention and the focus on building a good relation between the leader and
the students. The students from Teacher Ks class adored the personality that she
has; which is a friendly person. From this, we can see that Teacher K focused on
both types of leaders trait; where she concentrated on achieving to complete
the syllabus and also manage to have the students to like her based on the
personality that she portrayed with the students. Thus, this tells us that Teacher K
uses behavioural theory on her teaching and learning process.
Focus

Plan

Impact

Issue

Suggestion to
improve

The leadership Practices

Develop the

Whether the

Take one idea

style that

more on

students

teaching and

at one time

Teacher K

democratic

holistically

learning can

uses

style

appear
smooth
without any
objections
from students

From the action plan that I have made, I am focusing on the style of leadership
that Teacher K practices in the teaching and learning process. From the text, it
shows that Teacher K uses authoritarian style. She did not take into
considerations about the students within the teaching and learning process.
Though she taught the students with different levels of achievement, she poses

higher thinking order questions. These types of questions are supposedly

directed to higher level of students. This tells us that she did not cater to all
students level in the classroom. She also did not give an ample time for the
students to complete the works. Often, she provided the answers to the
questions that the students cannot complete. When this happened, the students
will not develop holistically. They were not given the opportunity to complete
the task and they were not given any chance to think on the answers to the
questions. Therefore, as a beginning teacher, I think, I will practice a democratic
style in my teaching.
Democratic is defined as. In my opinion, practicing democratic style will
develop the students holistically, especially cognitively. Before starting the
lesson, I would ask my students about their preferences in the lesson. I would
take into considerations on how they want their learning to be. This will benefit
both parties during the teaching and learning process. The students will learn
based on the interests, and at the same time, the teaching and learning will go
smoothly and interactively. This is to say, the teaching and learning will be more
on two-ways interactions between the teacher and also the students since the
students will have a chance to give their opinion on the learning.
Besides that, when a democratic style of teaching is practiced, the
teacher will have to attend to all students despite their level of proficiency. We
can see that Teacher K seldom attended to her weak students. This had
hindered them to develop cognitively. Thus, I am focusing on this leadership
style in order to develop the students cognitively. I would cater to all students;
especially the weak ones. I would prepare tasks that can cater to their needs.
Besides that, I would also prepare suitable enrichments and remedial activities
for my students. When this happen, the objectives of the lesson will be achieved
since the students managed to understand the lesson.

However, there would be issues that may arise from this type of leadership
style. The teaching and learning process may not be able to attend to all ideas
and suggestions from the students. There may be a lot of ideas that a teacher
need to take into considerations. When this happen, the teaching and learning
may not be able to run smoothly since the students want their needs to be
fulfilled. Therefore, in my opinion, as a beginning teacher, I would consider the
students idea one at a time. This is to ensure the teaching and learning process
would provide students with what are needed. This will ensure the students
interest to keep developing within the teaching and learning process.
In conclusion, as a teacher, we should consider the students needs at the
same time, we need to ensure that the teaching and learning process would be
able to develop students cognitively.