STEAM TURBINE

Technical Data, pictures and section

drawings - MAA
Lube Oil System - MAV
Control Oil System - MAX
Gland Steam System - MAW
Turbine Drain System MAL

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TSE and Margins

STG Start Up and Shut Down
STG controller
Detailed discussion on Protections
Lub Oil Purification Unit

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2 to 3: Isobaric heat rejection

(Condenser)
3 to 4: Isentropic compression (Pump)
4 to 1: Isobaric heat supply (Boiler)
1 to 2: Isentropic expansion (Steam
turbine )

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Steam Parameter Limits

Steam Flow 325.44 kg/s
Steam Pressures in Bar Absolute

Nominal

Long Term

Short Term

Main Steam

76.5

85.7

99.5*

Before 1st Stage

75.5

81.5

81.5

Exhaust Steam

2.23

5.0

7.0

Long Term Upper limit with no time restriction

Short Term Permissible instantaneous value with cumulative
duration not more than 12 hours in a year.
* - Set the safety valve so as not to exceed this value
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Turbine Oil Specs

Mineral or Synthetic oil of viscosity class
ISO VG 32 or ISO VG 46 (DIN 51 519)
Capable of withstanding 120 C in
bearings and 80 C in the oil tank without
physical or chemical degradation.
Hydraulic Oil ISO-L-HM46 (DIN
51524-HLP46) capable of withstanding 70
C.

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Hydro Safe ISO VG 32

Non-Toxic - Biodegradable - Environmentally Friendly

Antiwear - Hydraulic Oil
Hydro Safe ISO VG 32 is a vegetable based hydraulic fluid formulated to
meet the demand for biodegradable hydraulic oils. It is designed to
minimize environmental impact and have low environmental persistance.
Hydro Safe ISO VG 32 offers excellent antiwear performance in a wide array
of hydraulic components, and can be used as a superior replacement for
conventional petroleum oil. It exhibits good thermal and oxidative
properties when compared to other vegetable-derived products. Formulated
from canola oil, and containing biodegradable, non-toxic chemical
additives. Its high vicosity index (VI) allows outdoor operations in winter
and summer without the need for fluid changes or equipment modifications.
Viscosity Index ASTM D-567, ASA Z11.45 is an empirical number indicating
the rate of change in viscosity of an oil within a given temperature range. A
low viscosity index signifies a relatively large change in viscosity with
temperature change, while a high viscosity index shows a relatively small
change in vicosity with temperature change. Viscosity Index cannot be used
to measure any other quality of an oil.
The fluid is totally biodegradable, and exceeds the government criteria of
being "readily biodegradable." Readily biodegradable is defined as an
attribute of products that have a natural ability to biodgrade quickly and
completely. Once the fluid is leaked into the ground, it has the ability of
substance to be digested or consumed by naturally occurring
microorganisms present in water, air, and soil systems. Complete
biodegradability is the conversion of a substance to carbon dioxide and
water.

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Steam Purity Why ?

Impurities can cause damage to turbine
components by - corrosion, stress
corrosion, corrosion fatigue, erosioncorrosion.
Deposition can cause - thermodynamic
losses, lower efficiency, upsetting of
pressure distributions, clogging of seals
and clearances

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Values recommended for continuous

operation
Parameter

Unit

Normal Value

Achievable
Value

ACC @ 25 C

S/cm

< 0.2

0.1

Na

g/kg

<5

Silica

g/kg

< 10

Total Iron

g/kg

< 20

Total Copper

g/kg

<2

Mass weighted averaging for multiple sources. i.e. if A conductivity

A = Mi * Ai / Mi

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Limit Values for Start Up and cases of

deviation from values recommended
for continuous operation.
Action
Level 1

Action Level
3

Action Level
4

0.5 < 1.0

1.0

10 < 15

15 < 20

20

10 < 20

20 < 40

40 < 50

50

g/kg

20 < 30

30 < 40

40 < 50

50

g/kg

2<5

5<8

8 < 10

10

100

24

h/a

2000

500

80

Parameter

Unit

ACC @ 25 C

S/cm

Na

g/kg

5 < 10

Silica

g/kg

Total Iron
Total Copper

Hours per event

allowable
Cumulative
time per year

Action
Level 2

0.2 < 0.35 0.35 < 0. 5

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Output Limit During Valve Testing

While testing the Main Steam Stop and

Control Valves with Automatic Turbine
Tester, the Turbine output should be
limited to 80%

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Turbine Stop & Control Valves

2 Stop and Control Valves each
Stop and CV combined in a common body
with stems arranged at right angles
Stop Valve Single seat valve with
integral pilot disk. Hydraulic actuation
against spring force will close in case of
power failure to solenoid
CV Tubular disk with relieving holes.
Hydraulic actuation against spring force.

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Function ESV MAA11/12AA051

Rapid and reliable interruption of Steam
Supply to the turbine in case of activation
of protection.
To allow admission of steam for warm up
of the CV during cold start

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Function CV MAA12/22AA151
Rapid interruption of Steam Supply to the
turbine in case of activation of protection
Allow admission of steam into turbine for
warm up during start.
Control the speed gradient during run up to
Nominal speed
Control the load of the steam turbine when
synchronised

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Example
(Not at
S1)

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ST ESV

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ST CV

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TURBINE EXHAUST
AND SAFETY
VALVES

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Lube Oil System - MAV

Safe Oil Supply to Bearings
Jacking up shaft at low speeds
Driving the hydraulic turning device
Avoid escape of oil vapours from the
bearings and the oil tank
Oil cooling
Oil Purification
Special Op mode during Fire Protn

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Main Components

Lub Oil Tank MAV10BB001

2 x 100% LOPs (~ 5.5 Bar) MAV21AP021/022

1 x 100% EOP (~ 2.5 Bar) MAV24AP001

2 x 100% Lift Oil Pps (~ 160 Bar) MAV24AP001

2 x 100% Vapour Extractor fans MAV82AN001/2

2 x 100% Lub Oil Coolers

2 x 100% Lub Oil Filters
Thermostatic Temperature CV
Oil Purification Unit

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Thrust Pads

Journal Bearing

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Manual Turning Gear Mechanism

Control Fluid System MAX

Supply the ST ESVs, CVs and Safety
Valve actuators with high pressure control
fluid (160 Bar)
Fast closing/opening of valves when Trip
signal actuated.
Transmission of electrical signals from
turbine controller into hydraulic signals for
fast and accurate positioning of CVs

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Main Components

Control fluid tank MAX01BB001

2 x 100% control fluid pps MAX01AP001/002
2 Hydraulic accumulators MAX01BB011/012
2 filters downstream of each pump
MAX01AT011/012
1 Circulating oil pump MAX01AP011
1 Control fluid cooler MAX01AC011
Fine mesh filter d/s of cooler MAX01AT013
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Gland Steam
Extraction Points

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