Hair loss is not reported with Acamprosate and in addition to the above rarely bullous skin reactions can

be seen; Nausea, Diarrhoea, change in libido

derealization was first used by Mapother
Paranoia: Reaction formation behaviour

The risk factors for dementia include increasing age, gender (women are more affected), oxidative stress,
education, chemical exposure, vascular risk factors including smoking. Selegeline (an antioxidant) has
been found to be protective towards dementia in some studies.
The focus in brief interpretive psychotherapy: dilemmas, traps and snags as target problems
The Clifton assessment procedures for the elderly(CAPE) consists of two components: one of which
investigates cognitive deficits by direct assessment and the second of which investigates functional
deficits by means of a behavior rating scale completed in conjunction with a relative or member of staff
who knows the patient well. The CAPE should be used when assessment of dependency needs is required,
and when management decisions have to be taken.
Fluvoxamine increases the concentration of theophyline hence concomitant administration should be
avoided but if its needed reduce theophylline dose and monitor plasma theophylline concentration
MRI scan for non-antipsychotic hyperprolactinemia
The DC LD classification system includes the severity in axis I, cause of LD in axis II and psychiatric
disorders in axis III

A relation has been found between low 5 HIAA levels and impulsive aggression.
Legrain in 1886 coined the term Bouffee delirante which was reported to have a better prognosis than
schizophrenia
PSE: Multi language; only info from patient is used
Neurasthenia: Neurotic disorder
Cognitive Dissonance: does not include attributional principles
Attribution:
Refers to the cognitive labeling theory which assigns causal explanations to observed events

ADHD risk increased with DDR2 allele

Hypertension is the big risk factor an dover 50% of patients give a positive history for this disorder.

Acamprosate acts as GABA agonist and Glutamate antagonist ,

Clozapine: Hyperglycemia
Kohleberg
Level 5
Level 6
Othellos Syndrome:
A 52 year old man falsely believes that his wife is being unfaithful to him.

Hutchisons pupil refers to the condition where there is dilation of one pupil when the other is
contracted, resulting from compression of the third nerve due to meningeal hemorrhage at the base of the
brain
PS: Miosis
S: Dilatation
MOA-B acts on DA, DOPAC, NA
Tranylcypromine structurally similar to Amphetamine
Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a system of treatment in which the therapist helps the patient to
understand why things have gone wrong in the past and explores how to make sure that they dont go
wrong in the future. In simple terms what it seeks to do is to apply the step-by-step pragmatism of
cognitive therapy to some of the ideas of the more analytic approach of psychodynamic psychotherapy.
OCD Treatmetn: Thought stopping and exposure and response prevention therapy
The rapid recollection of past called "Panoramic vision" is seen in temporal lobe focus.

CBZ is a relatively stable compound when stored in the solid state at controlled room temperature . CBZ
should be stored in airtight containers and protected from
light .
Varenicline is
Alpha 4, beta 2 nicotinic partial agonist

Fundamental Attribution error is not primarily an attribution errror.

Attention is
same as consiousness for experimental psychologists

SSRI with most GI effects Sertraline(not fluvoxamine)

Aripiprazole
Partial D2 agonist
agonist actions on 5HT1a and antagonist actions on 5HT2a

Delusions of control(FRS) not compatible with Delusional disorder

You can have grape fruit juice with MAOIs
Superior premorbid intellect and education may protect against Alzheimer's dementia
SCOFF for eating disorders
TWEAK for Alcohol
HAMD has 17 items
Clonazepam is a long acting benzodiazepine with a half-life of in excess of 20 hours.
Amisulpiride: D2 & D3 antagonism

Nicotine withdrawal: Cough, mouth ulcers and irritability

Benzo withdrawal: Vivid dreams, depression and irritability

(FBC) Leucocyctosis and elevated CPK are features of NMS.

SAH and head injury are causes of SIADH hence MRI may be useful and urine osmolality is helpful in
diagnosing this.
Carbamazepine and St Johns wort reduce efficacy of OCPs
St John's wort, rifampicin, smoking, phenytoin all induce the cytochrome p450 system.

GrapejuiceInhibitsCytsystem

DoppelgangerisCognitiveAutoscopyisPerceptual

Autocthonous/PrimaryDelusions

Nasalstuffinessisarecognisedsideeffectofsildanefiltreatment.

Legitimation:Duringinterviewthedoctortellsthepateint"Itisquiteacceptabletofeelthe
wayyoudoandperhapsmostpeoplewouldfeelthesamewayasyoudo".


Anomicaphasia:DominantTPlesion

BilateralInternuclearOphthalmoplegia:pathognomonicofmultiplesclerosis?

RiskofAlzheimer'sdementiaisaround3.5foldgreaterinthosewhohaveafirstdegree
relativewithAD

BorderlinelearningdisabilityisatermusedfrequentlytorefertopatientswithanIQinthe
range7085

Themostabundantexcitatoryaminoacidneurotransmittersareglutamateandaspartate
andthesearethemostfrequentlyencounteredexcitatoryNeurotransmittersinthebrain.

OpportunisticinfectionismostcommonlyseeninHIVillness:Toxoplasmagondii

Reinforcement:
Theexaminerpraisesthepatientfordoingwelldespitehavingadifficulttime

Sublimations:
A 43 year old man who got told-off by his boss in the morning goes out to play tennis with his
friend in the evening.

Isolation

A 20 year old boy who lost his father continues to carry out his work without display of emotions,
even though he is aware of the loss.

NosystematiseddelusionsinDelusionaldisorder

Mania:delusions(usuallygrandiose)orhallucinations(usuallyofvoicesspeakingdirectly
tothepatient)arepresent,

fMRI/SPECT:CerebralperfusionforAlzDementia&FPDementia

PET/SPECTfor:LewyBodyDementia

ChlorpromazineincreasesValproatelevel

VenlafaxinetoDuloxetine:1month

HolmesandRaheScale
HighestL
Theoryofminddevelopsat3years

Depersonalisationisassociatedwithunpleasantaffect:Numbing

Anorexianervosa:RaisedCortisol,GHothersreduced

CannabissmokingincreasesSCZrisk2fold

Enculturation:acquiringNavtiveculture
Acculturation:acquiringHostCulture

HntingtonsdiseaseChromosome4

Bilateralhemianopiaisalossoftemporalfieldvisioninbotheyes.Thismaybecausedby
alesionthataffectsthecentreoftheopticchiasmanddamagesfibresfromthenasal
halvesoftheretinaastheydecussate.Possiblecausesofthisconditioninclude:pituitary
tumour,craniopharyngioma&suprasellarmeningioma.Clinicalneurologyforpsychiatrists

Alcoholintakeforwomenplanningtobecomepregnant:None
Womenwhoarealreadypregnant:oneortwounitsofalcoholonceortwiceperweek

Perseverationisdefinedpersistentrepetitionofwords,ideas,orsubjectssothatoncea
patientbeginsaparticularsubjectorusesaparticularword,hecontinuallyreturnstoitin
theprocessofspeaking.Echolaliaisapatternofspeechinwhichthepatientechoesthe
wordorphrasesoftheinterviewer.

Smokingduringpregnancyhasbeenreportedtobeassociatedwithatwofoldtofourfold
increasedriskofattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)intheoffspring.LindbladF
etal2010.ADHDafterfetalexposuretomaternalsmoking.

Denial,distortionandprojectionareconsideredasnarcissisticdefensemechanism.

Insomniaisreportedin30%ofgeneralpopulation,beingmorecommoninfemalesand
elderly.Clinicallysignificantinsomniathatcausesmarkedpersonaldistressorinterference
withsocialandoccupationalfunctioningis6%

OneofthedefinitionsofThoughtbroadcastisThepatienthearshisownthoughtsbeing

spokenaloudand,asaconsequence,otherpeopleareabletohearhisthoughtsaswell.

Antipsychoticsthatreducethethresholdforseizuresshouldbeavoidedindeliriumorin
deliriumtremens.

Addenbrooke'scognitiveexaminationtestrevised(ACER).
Cutofflessthan88gives94%sensitivityand89%specificityfordementia:Cutoffless
than82gives84%sensitivityand100%specificityfordementiaMioshiE,DawsonK,
MitchellJ,ArnoldR,HodgesJR(2006)TheAddenbrookesCognitiveExaminationRevised
(ACER):abriefcognitivetestbatteryfordementiascreening,InternationalJournalof
GeriatricPsychiatry.

Commonestcauseofstupor:SCZ,thenDepression,thenMania

Posturing?catalepsy:UncomfortableposturesResistsmovement

Waxyflexibility:Mouldableuncomfortablepostures

Maniaresolvesspontaneouslyin4months
1020%inmaniahaveFRS

Thisdescribesanoneiroidordreamlikestate.Inthiscondition,thereisnarrowingof
consciousnessalongwithvividvisualhallucinations.

Thisheighteningofsymptomsisreferredtoasanastrophy.

HeadInjury
AGCSof13oraboveismild,912ismoderate,and8orbelowissevere.

100mgChlorpromazineorallyperdayisequivalentto40mgflupenthixoldecanoate
intramuscularly(IM)everytwoweeksand25mgfluphenazinedecanoateIMeverytwo
weeks.ThedatasheetforHaldoldecanoatestatesthatthesedosesofdepot
antipsychoticsareequivalentto100mghaloperidoldecanoateIMmonthly.

Chlorpromazine100mgoral/day=Flupenthixol40mg=Fluphenazine25mg=Haldol100mg
Themostcommonsideeffectsofmethylphenidateincludeheadache,stomachache,nausea
andinsomnia
Suoyang(Koro):TheGenitalRetractionSyndrome