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con
UltraSonic Imager
2/SRPC/
Objetivos de la Cementacin
Obtener completa aislacin de zonas .
(Hydraulic isolation)
Suportar el revestidor y obtener
proteccin contra la corrosin.
3/SRPC/
El Pozo Ideal
Annular gap
Minimum: 3/4-in.
Ideal: 1 1/2-in.
Properly
conditioned hole
and mud
Gauge
diameter
NO LOSSES
Uniform as possible
( no washouts or
restrictions)
NO FLOW
Casing centered
in borehole
Thin, impermeable mud
filter cake (not gelled or
unconsolidated)
4/SRPC/
5/SRPC/
(microanillos)
Prdidas de agua
Cemento contaminado
6/SRPC/
Impedancia Acustica
CBL/VDL
USIT
3
R
5
R
Fundamento Sonico:
mediciones a 3 pies.
Amplitude
Casing
CBL Time
Window
T0
Minimum
Detection
Level
E3
E1
E2
TT
NMS
G
8/SRPC/
CBL
G
Time
No
No
Cement
Cement
Tx
Rx
Cement
Casing
Good
Good
Bond
Bond
9/SRPC/
Tx
Rx
Amplitude (mv)
Casing
10/SRPC/
Formation
Mud
time usec
Efecto de Excentralizacin de la
Herramienta
11/SRPC/
12/SRPC/
Cycle Skipping
13/SRPC/
14/SRPC/
15/SRPC/
Wet microannulus
16/SRPC/
mire la curva TT
17/SRPC/
Nada de arrivo de TR
Cheque de Calidad
mire la curva TT
18/SRPC/
Verifique el VDL
Arrivo de TR visible
Aislado ???????
3
For Bond Index = 0.8
2
19/SRPC/
139.7
(5.5")
177.8
(7")
Casing Size (mm)
244.5
CONDITIONS
- Type of Cement
- Borehole Fluid
- Cement Tops
- Hole Size (OH Caliper)
- Deviated Well
20/SRPC/
CBL
AMPLITUD
ARRIVO de
TUBERIA
Tuberia Libre
Alta
Fuerte
Baja
Debil
Fuerte
Buena Adherencia TR
Mala Adherencia a Formacin
Baja
Debil
Debil o nada
Microanillo- Canales
Camada fina de cemento
Alta
Moderado
Alta
Ausente
21/SRPC/
ARRIVO de
FORMACION
Moderado
Fuerte
22/SRPC/
BI =
Interpretacin:
23/SRPC/
CBL
Interpretacion
M1 Chart
Casing Data
O.D. 7, 29 lbm/ft
Cuantitativa
Casing Thickness
[from tables] .408 in
70% Bond Index ?
CBL value for
70% Bond
24/SRPC/
Cement
Compressive
Strength
3000 psi
attenuation [dB/m]
Cement
Acoustic
Impedance
8
Neat-G
7
6
5
LiteCRETE
3
2
(MRayl)
25/SRPC/
500 psi
350
psi
26/SRPC/
ft
0.0
3.0
Mrayl
4.5
6.0
0.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
CBL (80%)
CBL (100%)
Concentric casing
400.0
Impedance
mV
7.5
800.0
OD 9 5/8 in
@ 500ft
LC
@ 920 ft
1200.0
OD 7. in
@ 1000ft
Well
27/SRPC/
Fill
Impedance
CBL Amplitude
28/SRPC/
CBLF FP: 55 mV
CBL Adviser
100%BI: 5-6mV
CBLF min.: 3-5 mV
29/SRPC/
Impedancia Acustica
Herramientas acusticas responden
impedancia acustica (Dureza acustica) Z
Z
MRayl
Setting
slurry
Cement
4
Light
Heavy
mud
2
Water
Oil
30/SRPC/
Gas
Liquid
Contaminated
Cement
Cement
Formation
Mud
t
20 kHz
Transmitter
3 ft
Receiver
Bonded cement
CBL amplitude
t
5 ft
Receiver
VDL
0
100
CBL amp
31/SRPC/
Sonic (CBL-VDL)
Puntos Fuertes
Funciona en todos los tipos de fludos, y
tolera corrosin
Qualitativa pagan entre cemento-formacin
con VDL
Puntos Dbiles
Alta CBL amplitude es ambigua
Liquido microanillos
Canales
Cemento contaminado
Free
pipe
Cemento
bueno
33/SRPC/
Ultrasonicos (USIT)
ventajas sobre sonicos (CBL)
Tolera liquido microanillos
34/SRPC/
Gas
microannulus
Mud
channel
Perfs
Well
centered
casing
Washout
35/SRPC/
Eccentered
casing
USIT Mediciones
Echo
Transit
amplitude time
(Internal
casing
condition)
36/SRPC/
Internal
radius
Thickness
Cement
Impedance
Herramienta USIT
Electronics
Sonde
Rotating sub
37/SRPC/
Rotating Subs
Assembly
Sub O.D.
USRS-A
3.58
4 1/2 - 5 1/2
USRS-B
4.64
5 5/8 - 7 5/8
USRS-C
6.69
8 5/8 - 9 5/8
USRS-D
8.70
10 3/4 - 13 3/8
38/SRPC/
Casing
Cement
Channel
Bond index
Cement raw
Thickness
Thickness
Internal radius
Cement
Casing cross-section
interpreted
Amplitude
Processing flags
Process flags, Eccentering, CCL, gamma
39/SRPC/
USIT + CBL/VDL
Presentacin del Registro del
Cemento
QC
CBL
USI
VDL
CBL
VDL
Bond index
Acoustic impedance
Cement image interpreted
CBL, gamma
Process flags, eccentering
40/SRPC/
USI USI
ecc amp
41/SRPC/
G
ray
USI
cement
Predicted CBL
for 80% and
100% bond
CBL
VDL
Wear
groove
QC
42/SRPC/
Casing
False
channel
Cement
43/SRPC/
44/SRPC/
45/SRPC/
46/SRPC/
47/SRPC/
Heavily
contam.
cement
Channel
48/SRPC/
Mud
cake
Good
cement
Outer
casing
reflections
49/SRPC/
Monitoreo de Corrosin
50/SRPC/
Microanillo Lquido
USIT es muy poco afectado
CBL lo ve como tuberia libre
Strong, regular
casing arrival
High CBL
Uniform
medium-Z
USI
USI
51/SRPC/
BI
VDL
Gas microannulus
Good cement
Raw
52/SRPC/
BI
Interp
CBL
BI
53/SRPC/
Map
CBL
VDL
Localised
Medium
Microdebonded
Cement
Light or
contam.
Cement
Extended
Mud
layer +
cement
Dry
microannulus
(Debond)
Narrow
Cement
data
Mud
channel
Squeeze
54/SRPC/
Gas entry
if gas zone
No Squeeze
Gas
channel
?
Conclusiones
El USIT brinda la ms detallada vista de la
distribucin del cemento en el anular .
55/SRPC/