F4 Chemistry Definition

1) Chemistry science concerned with the composition of substances, the basic forms of
matter and the interactions between them.
2) Matter anything which have mass and occupy space.
3) Particulate theory of matter all matters are made up of tiny and discrete particles.
4) Kinetic theory of matter matters are made up of particles which are constantly
moving and contain kinetic energy.
5) Brownian movement movement of particles at random which cause by the collision
of moving particles.
6) Diffusion movement of particles at random from high concentration area to low
concentration area through the space between the medium particles.
7) Proton number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
8) Nucleon number the number of proton and neutron in the nucleus of an atom.
9) Isotopes atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but
different nucleon number.
10) Electron arrangement arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus.
11) Relative atomic mass the number of times one atom of an element is heavier than
one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
12) One mol the quantity of that substance which contains the same number of particles
6.02 10 as there is in 12g of carbon-12.
13) Molar volume volume occupied by one mol of a gas at a particular pressure and
temperature.
14) Molecular formula chemical formula which shows the actual numbers of atoms of
the elements that combine to form the compound.
15) Empirical formula chemical formula which shows the simplest ratio of atoms of the
elements which combine to form the molecule.
16) Electropositivity tendency to donate electron to form cation (+ve ion)
17) Electronegativity tendency to gain electron to form anion (-ve ion)
18) Electrochemistry study of the interconversion of chemical energy and electrical
energy.
19) Electrolyte chemical compound which conducts electricity in the molten state or in
an aqueous solution and undergoes chemical changes.
20) Non-electrolyte chemical compound which does not conduct electricity in any state.
21) Electrolysis decomposition of an electrolyte by the passage of the electric current.
22) Inert electrode electrode that do not react with electrolyte or products of electrolysis.
23) Active electrode electrode that react with electrolyte or product of electrolysis.
24) Electroplating a process carried out to coat the surface of metal objects with a thin
and even layer of another metal.
25) Electrochemical series an arrangement of elements according to their tendency to
form ions.
26) Arrhenius theory an acid is a compound which produces hydrogen ions or
hydroxonium ions when it dissolves in water.
- a base is a substance which produce hydroxide ions when dissolve
in water.
27) Alkali base which is soluble in water.

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28) Basicity of an acid the number of moles of OH ions that are required to react with
one mole of the acid.
29) Mono/Di/Triprotic acid an acid that will produce one/two/three moles of hydrogen
ion when one mole of acid dissolves in water.
30) Strong acid/alkali an acid/alkali that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution to
produce a high concentration of hydrogen/hydroxide ions.
31) Weak acid/alkali an acid/alkali which ionize partially in solution.
32) Molarity/concentration the number of mole/mass(g) of solute dissolved in a solvent
to form 1.0dm of solution.
33) Standard solution a solution which has a known concentration.
34) Dilution addition of solvent such as water to a concentrated solution to obtain a
more diluted solution.
35) Neutralisation the reaction occurred between an acid an a base to produce salt and
water only.
36) Salt an ionic compound that is formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced
by a metal ion or ammonium ion.
37) Solubility the ability of a compound to dissolve in a solvent.
38) Monitor ion ions which are not involved in the reaction, or which are obtained on
both sides of the ionic equation.
39) Qualitative analysis a series of tests conducted on a chemical substance to identify
the unknown component or components in it.
40) Alloy a mixture of two or more elements with a certain composition in which the
major component is a metal.
41) Polymers large molecules made up of many smaller and identical repeating units
joining together by covalent bonds.
42) Polymerisation the chemical process by which the monomers are joined together to
form the big molecule known as the polymer.
43) Synthetic polymer polymers made in the industry from chemical substances.
44) Composite material a structural material formed by combining two or more
materials with different physical properties, producing a
complex mixture.

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