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  • SLS Aspects of Continuous Bridges Using Precast Beams

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    Martha Lacerda
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    precast beam on bridges

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    precast beam on bridges

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    273 Ansichten18 Seiten

    SLS Aspects of Continuous Bridges Using Precast Beams

    Hochgeladen von

    Martha Lacerda
    precast beam on bridges

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 18
    SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE ASPECTS OF CONTINUOUS BRIDGES USING PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS by LA Clark BEng, PhD, FEng, FiStructE, FICE and I Sugie BSc, MSc School of Civil Engineering ‘The University of Birmingham For further information please contact: Prestressed Concrete Association (PCA) 160 Charis Street Leicester LEN 1F Telephone: 0116 253 6161 Facsimile: 0116-251 4568 PCAs @ Product Association ofthe Brtsh Precast Concrete Federation Lid Published and distributed by the British Precast Concrete Federation Lt {60 Charles Street, Leicester LET 1FB, forthe Prestressed Concrete Association First ection published 1997 A catalogue record for ths book is avalable rom the British Library ISBN: 0 9500847 45 © PCA 1997 Allright, including transtation reserved. Except for fair copying. ‘no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a rereval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, ‘Photocopying or otherwise, without prior written permission trom the Secretary, PCA, 60 Charles Street, Leicester, LE1 1FB. Every effort has bean made to ensure that the statements made and the opinions expressed in this publication provide a safe and accurate quide: however, no laity or responsibilty of any kine (ncluding "ability for negligence) can be accepted inthis respect by the publishers or the authors, Printed and bound in Great Srtain by GreenSives Creative Colour Lis SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE ASPECTS OF CONTINUOUS BRIDGES USING PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS PREPARED FOR THE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION by LA Clark BEng, PhD, FEng, FiStructE, FICE and I Sugie BSc, MS School of Civil Engineering The University of Birmingham June 1997 Page Page 1, INTRODUCTION 4. SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - SAGGING 4.4 Background a 4A IntrOdUCtiON ...sserssterssenseneeneensun 10 4.2. Types of Continuity ae 2 1.3 Scope of Study... 3 aeeemed a 1.4 Scope of Report es) 43. Discussion. 10 1.5 Acknowledgement... 3 4.3.1. Influence of material properties ....10 4.3.2. Influence of Me on 10 2. LITERATURE REVIEW a 4 433 Moment range 1 22 Continuity Connections 4 4.3.4 Bffecton span momentsesnntl 2.3 Serviceabilty Limit State - Hoggin 4.3.5. Sofft rACKING wenn 2.4. Serviceabilty Limit State - Sagging....... 4.4 Development of Design Procedure 12 3. SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - HOGGING 4.5 Recommendations 18 8.1 Introduction. on 3.2 Case SLUMY.nnnninmneninennnninennt 5. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS wut 3.3. Discussion. 8 3.4 Recommendations peers) EDEN CES were SYNOPSIS ‘The results of a desk study on the use of precast concrete beams in continuous bridges is presented. The two main design aspects addressed are the short term hogging ane long term sagging support moments at the serviceability limit state. Itis concluded that itis not possible to design the beams as Class 1 (Le. no tension) at thelr ends when the beams are made continuous for live load and, pertiaps, some dead load. This is because of the large hogging moments at sections within the transmission zone where the compressive stresses due to prostress are small. The following design approach is proposed: () In the structural analysis either use the cracked stiffness at the support or reduce by 10% the support ‘moment calculated using the uncracked stiffness, and (i) Design as Class 2 within the length of beam embedded in in situ concrete at the support. Regarding the long term sagging support moments in the absence of live load, itis suggested that, because of the uncertainties at the design stage regarding the deformation properties of the concrete and the precise timing of the Construction sequence, there is litle benefit in carrying out detailed creep and shrinkage calculations, The actual effects of creep and shrinkage in the structure could be significantly different to those calculated. Consequently it is proposed that a nominal amount of reinforcement should be provided to control cracking which could occur due tothe long term sagging moments. Recommendations are made for the amount of reinforcement required as a func- tion of beam size. ECE ackground 1.1. Continuous concrete bridges utilising precast con- crete bridge beams are not new. A considerable amount of research was carried out into the structural aspects of such continuity over thirty years ago in both North Americal" and the UK®., At that time structural efficiency was the primary interest in terms of making the bridge continuous for live load and, possibly, dead load, although consideration of aesthetics was also a factor, Inrecent years there has been a second major reason for bridge engineers being particularly interested in continu- ‘ous bridges. This is the fact that continuous bridges do ‘not have joints at their intermediate supports. Joints tend to leak and, hence, allow sall-laden water to make con- tact with the ends of the superstructure and with the bearings and suostructure, Such leakage has, in gen- cral®?, contributed to substantial substructure and rein- forced concrete and post-tensioned concrete superstructure corrosion damage. However, itis empha- sised that precast bridge beams, per se, have an exce lent durability record in the UK and exhibit lite, if any, ‘damage in this respect. In view of their significantly better durability there has been a move towards continuty in all types of bridges in recent years. Indeed, the Highways Agency now requires!®.*9 not oniy continuity at intermediate supports but also at the junctions between decks and abutments {Le integral bridges) forall structures with a skew of less than 30” and a length of ess than 60 m. Types of Continuity 1.2 Pritchard and Smith") and the Highways ‘Agency have identified the five types of intermediate pler continuity detail described below. In addition, Hambly and Nicholson('8| have proposed an alterna tive which the Authors suggest should be referred to 23 “Type 6 andis also described below. (0 Type 1 : Wide in situ integral crosshead in which precast beams shorter than the span are temporar- ily propped off the pier foundations and their ends embedded in a wide in situ integral crosshead \which is permanently supported on a single row of bearings atthe piers. @ Type 2:Narrowinsituintegral crossheadin which precast beams are generally supported on twin rows ‘of permanent bearings seated on the piers and their {ends embedded in a narrow integral crosshead. ‘Type 3 : Integral crosshead cast in two stages, with the beams supported on the first stage crosshead, (0) Type 4 : Continuous separated deck stab in \hich only the deck slab is made continuous over the pler but te slab is isolated from the beame by a layer of compressible material (Type 5 : Tied deck slab in which the deck sla is hinge over the perusing party debonded doweling (v)_ Type 6 : Notional in situ integral diaphragm in ‘which precast beams are supported ona single row ff permanent bearings with a gap of 200 mm between tho end faces of the beams. The

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