CIRT, Bhopal

Turbomachinery (ME 502)

Tutorial/Assignment Sheet 2 (impulse turbine)
1. Explain the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine.
2. Give the detailed classification of steam turbines. Why compounding is necessary in
turbines? Discuss 2-stage Curtis with the help of neat sketch.
3. Derive an expression for optimizing blade efficiency in an impulse turbine.
4. What is the condition of maximum blade efficiency in a single stage impulse turbine and
impulse reaction turbine?
5. Show that the maximum value of utilization factor for an axial flow impulse turbine is (single
stage)
, where is the nozzle angle at inlet.
6. Write short notes on (i) velocity and pressure compounding (ii) bleeding.
7. Enlist the advantages of velocity compounded impulse turbine.
8. The following data relates to a single stage impulse turbine: steam velocity = 600 m/s, Blade
speed = 250 m/s, Nozzle angle = 200, Blade outlet angle = 250. Neglecting the effect of
friction, calculate the work developed by the turbine for the steam flow rate of 20 kg/s. Also
calculate the axial thrust on the bearing.
9. Steam issues from a nozzle to a De Laval turbine at a velocity of 1000 m/sec. The nozzle
angle is 200. The mean blade velocity is 400 m/sec. The blades are symmetrical. The mass
flow rate is 1000 kg/hr, friction factor is 0.8, nozzle efficiency is 0.95. Calculate: (i) Blade
angle, (ii) Axial thrust, (iii) W.D./kg, (iv) Power developed, (v) Blade efficiency, (vi) Stage
efficiency.
10. In an impulse turbine the following observations are recorded: steam velocity = 500 m/s,
blade speed = 200 m/s, exit angle of moving blade = 250 measured from tangential direction,
nozzle angle = 200. Neglecting the effect of friction, when passing through blade passages,
calculate (i) inlet angle of moving blade, (ii) exit velocity and direction, (iii) work done per kg
of steam, (iv) blade efficiency.
11. A stage of steam turbine is supplied with steam at a pressure of 50 bar and 350 0C and
exhausts at a pressure of 5 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the stage is 0.82 and steam
consumption is 2270 kg/min. Determine the power output of the stage.
12. The following particulars relate to a two row velocity compounded impulse wheel which forms
the first stage of combination turbine: steam velocity at nozzle outlet = 650 m/s, mean blade
velocity = 125 m/s, nozzle outlet angle = 160, outlet angle first row of moving blade = 180,
outlet angle of fixed guide blade = 220, outlet angle of second row of moving blades = 360,
steam flow per second = 2.5 kg/s. The ratio of the relative velocity at outlet to that at inlet is
0.84 for all blades. Determine for each row of moving blades (i) the velocity of whirl, (ii) the
tangential thrust on the blades, (iii) the axial thrust on the blades, (iv) the power developed.
13. The blade speed of a single ring of impulse blading is 300 m/s and the nozzle angle is 200.
The isentropic heat drop is 473 kJ/kg and the nozzle efficiency is 0.85. Given that the blade
velocity coefficient is 0.7 and the blades are symmetrical, calculate for a unit mass of steam
(i) axial thrust on the bearing (ii) steam consumption per kW if the mechanical efficiency is
90%.
14. The mean diameter of the blade of an impulse turbine with a single row wheel is 105 cm and
the speed is 3000 rpm. The nozzle angle is 180, the ratio of the blade velocity to steam
velocity is 0.42 and the ratio of the relative velocity at outlet from the blades to that at inlet is
0.84. The outlet angle of the blade is to be made 30 less than the blade angle at inlet. The
steam flow is 8 kg/s. Draw the velocity diagram for the blades and calculate the following (i)
velocity of whirl, (ii) resultant thrust on blades, (iii) tangential thrust on the blade, (iv) axial
thrust on bearing, (v) blade angles, (vi) power developed on the blades, and (v) blade
efficiency.
15. At a stage of an impulse turbine, the mean blade diameter is 75 cm, rotational speed 3500
rpm. The absolute velocity of fluid discharging from a nozzle inclined at 200 to the plane of
wheel is 275 m/s. If the utilization factor is 0.9 and the relative velocity at the rotor exit is 0.9
times that at inlet, find the inlet and exit rotor angles. Also find the power output from the
stage for a mass flow rate of 2 kg/s and axial thrust on the shaft.