Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
law approaches, and that the founders of various social sciencesMarx, Durkheim, Smith, Morgenthau,
Maine, Webermodeled theories on legal concepts, or used legal training as a point of departure. We
will start with the model proposed by Hobbes, an think of ourselves as skeptical editors, trying to help
Hobbes come up with a thicker, more complete theory without trashing his model altogether. Here are
some of the paths we can take, setting up each class session based on a mode of inquiry. (See topic list
below).
Topics for Class Sessions are Based on Modes of Inquiry:
(1) Taking Hobbes as a Starting Point. What is the importance of the Leviathan Metaphor?
Introducing three issues: Normativity, Coercion and Exchange.
(2) Working backward, or looking around the world, and seeing if there is anything actually
resembling the state of nature and see if the Leviathan metaphor works in practice. History
and anthropology could help us here. (Primitive Law: State Formation: Primordial, Mythic and
Evolutionary Accounts)
(3) Raising questions about the incomplete monopolization of force by the state, and the continued
existence of plural orders, whether alternative legal systems or elaborate criminal organizations.
(4) Questioning the role of fear and self-interest at the core of the model, and see if alternative
motivations and mechanisms (sympathy, commerce, morals, evolving customs and manners)
account for the creation of social and legal order.
(5) Raising questions based on alternative models of the state of nature For example, instead of
presupposing that before law, society was chaotic, we might look at tradition associated with
Rousseau and the early Marx presupposing that people lived in a harmonious self-organized
state, and the imposition of law actually creates divisions between people that had not existed
in a state of nature.
(6) Exploring those models that have not been proposed in political theory, but in other traditions
of thought, such as through comparative mythology and religion. What claims and overlaps do
we encounter here?
(7) Looking at ways normativity and coercion work in everyday life, law and order actually work,
and see if there is anything that an out the implications of the theory that continue to bear fruit.
For example, could political scientists, game theorists, and economists add to the description of
how relationships between protectors and clients are established and how these entities
continue to rely upon each other.
(8) Looking at the reenactment of the establishment of sovereignty in times of emergency and
exception.
(9) Looking at the common claim that the international sphere remains an anarchical state of
nature, and other claims refuting this.
(10) Mapping three concepts and how are they related in each of the above accounts: Normativity,
Coercion and Exchange.
Requirements
20% Class Presentation: 20 minute presentation on one of the core topics or readings listed below.
30% Book Review: A critical essay based on a reading of a book or a set of chapters in a book, surveying
the applicability of the book to the central concepts of the class. To be critical means to effectively
convey the intentions and intellectual context of an authors work and to ask appropriate questions
based on competing approaches or internal coherence. Students may (though they need not) engage in
original research or an evidence-based approach.
50% Take-Home Exam: This will be an integrative essay pulling together and comparing conceptions of
normativity, coercion, and exchange as constitutive elements of the law. This will be equivalent to a
research paper, and some advance preparation will be required.
Note on Attendance and Participation: Points lost in any of the categories above may be regained
through consistent class participation, which may account for up to five marks added to the class
presentation score. University policies and UGC guidelines concerning attendance will be followed.
Readings (Indicative)
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Bull, H. (1977, 2002), The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order In World Politics, Third Edition
(New York: Columbia University Press)
Canetti, E., Crowds and Power (Trans. Carol Stewart) 188-190 (1960, 1978).
Cooter, R. (1997). Normative Failure Theory Of Law, 82 Cornell L. Rev. 947.
Cover, R.M. (1986). Violence and the Word (1986) 95 Yale Law Journal 160129.
Cutler, A.C. (2003). Private Power and Global Authority: Transnational Merchant Law in the
Global Political Economy (Cambridge University Press).
Delacroix, S. (2006). Legal norms and normativity: an essay in genealogy. Oxford: Hart
Publishing.
Dickey, L. Doux-commerce and humanitarian values, Grotiana, new series, 22/23 (20012002):271-317.
Edmundson, W.A., Is Law Coercive? Legal Theory, Vol. 1, pp. 81-111 (1995).
Elias, N. (1994a) The Civilizing Process (originally in two volumes: volume 1, The History of
Manners, volume 2, State Formation and Civilization), translated by Edmund Jephcott, Oxford:
Blackwell; originally published in 1939 as U ber den Prozess der Zivilisation, Basel: Haus zum
Falker
Ellickson, R. (1991), Order Without Law: How Neighbors Settle Disputes (1991);
Ellis, DP The Hobbesian Problem of Order: A Critical Appraisal Of The Normative Solution,
American Sociological Review 1971, Vol. 36 (August): 692-703
Etzioni, A (1961) A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organization. New York: Free Press.
Fanon, F (1961) The Wretched of the Earth (2002) (1961).
Filmer, R. Patriarcha (London: Chiswell, 1685).
Foucault, M. (1977a) Discipline and Punish. The birth of the prison, translated by Alan
Foucault, M. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collge De France, 1975-76 15
(2003).
Freud, S. (1994) Civilization and its Discontents. New York: Dover Publications; originally
published in 1930
Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books
Giddens, A. (1985) The Nation-State and Violence, A Contemporary Critique of Historical
Materialism, vol. II. (1985).
Gouldner, A.W. (1960). The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement. American
Sociological Review, 25, 161178.
Greif, A. 2005. Commitment, Coercion, and Markets: The Nature and Dynamics of Institutions
Supporting Exchange. 2005. In the Handbook for New Institutional Economics. Edited by
Claude Menard and Mary M. Shirley. Norwell MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Greif, A., Impersonal Exchange without Impartial Law: The Community Responsibility System,
5 Chi. J. Int'l L. 109 (2004-2005) Chicago Journal of International Law 5: 109. (2004)
Hale, R. , Coercion and Distribution in a Supposedly Non-Coercive State, 38. Pol. Sci. Q. 470494 (1923) at 470-478.
Hampton, J. Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition
Hathaway, O.A. and Shapiro, Scott J., (2011) "Outcasting: Enforcement in Domestic and
International Law" 121 Yale Law Journal 252 (2011)
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Hetcher, S. (1999) Creating Safe Social Norms In A Dangerous World, 73 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1 (1999);
Hirschman, A.O. (1977, 1997). The Passions and the Interests. Political Arguments for
Capitalism before its Triumph (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1977, 1997 ed.),
Hobbes, T. Leviathan (Any edition)
Hont, I. (2005) Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical
Perspective (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: The Belknap Press, 2005),
Kanwar, V. A Map of Force: Coercion, Normativity, and Exchange in International Law, in
Ugo Mattei and John D. Haskell, eds., Research Handbook on Political Economy and Law,
(forthcoming, Edward Elgar Press, 2014).
Kennedy D., (1985) The Role of Law in Economic Thought: Essays on the Fetishism of
Commodities The American University Law Review, Vol. 34: (1985) 939 (1985: 976977)
Kingsbury B. and Benjamin Straumann, State of Nature versus Commercial Sociability as the
Basis of International Law: Reflections on the Roman Foundations and Current Interpretations
of the International Political and Legal Thought of Grotius, Hobbes, and Pufendorf, in (eds)
Samantha Besson and John Tasioulas, The Philosophy of International Law (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2010) 33.
Korsgaard, C. (2006). The Sources of Normativity. Cambridge (1996)
Koskenniemi, M. (1989, 2004), From Apology to Utopia (2nd Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press).
Lewellen, T.C. Political Anthropology: An Introduction (3rd Ed.)
Lewis, TJ (2000) Persuasion, Domination, and Exchange: Adam Smith on Political
Consequences of Markets, Canadian Journal of Political Science 33, no. 2 (June 2000): 273
289.
Malcolm, N., Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002)
Mauss, M. (1966). The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. London:
Cohen & West, 1966).
Merry, S.E. 2006. "Anthropology and International Law." Annual Review of Anthropology
35:99116
Miville, C (2005). Between Equal Rights: A Marxist Theory of International Law (Leiden and
Boston: Brill)
Mitchell, R.B. and Patricia M. Keilbach, Situation Structure and Institutional Design:
Reciprocity, Coercion, and Exchange, International Organization. International Organization
55, 4, Autumn 2001, pp. 891917.
Morgenthau, H.J. 1985, 2005 Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf. 6th Ed. 2005.
Nagel, T. The Need for Nations (Review: Law Without Nations?: Why Constitutional
Government Requires Sovereign States by Jeremy A. Rabkin), The New Republic June 27, 2005,
pp. 29-31.
North, D.C., J.J. Wallis and B.R. Weingast, (2009) Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual
Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press).
Parsons, T. 1937; The Structure of Social Action. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press.
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Pashukanis. E.B. Law and Marxism: A General Theory by Pashukanis, (1978) Pluto Press, Chris
Arthur, ed.,
Pavlakos, G. (2014) "Between Reason and Strategy: Some Reflections on the Normativity of
Proportionality," in Grant Huscroft, Bradley W. Miller, and Gergoire Webber, Proportionality
and the Rule of Law: Rights, Justification, Reasoning (Cambridge). at p. 90-122.
Pennock J. R, and John Chapman, eds., Nomos XIV: Coercion (New York: Aldine Atherton
1972).
Polanyi, K. (19..) The Great Transformation Beacon Press (19..) at 15.
Porter, B.D. (1995) War and the Rise of the State (1994).
Posner, E., Law and Social Norms (June 2000);
Raz, J. The Authority of Law, Oxford 1979, Ch. 3.
Rose, G. (1984)The Dialectic of Nihilism: Post-Structuralism and the Law, New York: Blackwell
Russell, B., A History Of Western Philosophy (1961)
Sahlins, M. 1965 "On the sociology of primitive exchange." Pp. 139-237 in M. Banton (ed.), The
Relevance of Models for Social Anthropology. London: Tavistock Publications.
Sheridan, Harmondsworth: Penguin; originally published in 1975
Shklar, J (1989), The Liberalism of Fear, in Nancy L. Rosenblum (ed.), Liberalism and the
Moral Life (1989).
Sorel, G. (1906, 1999), Reflections On Violence (Jeremy Jennings Ed., 1999) (1906);
Tilly, C (1992). Coercion, Capital And European States, Ad 990-1992 (1992).
Torben, S, Legal Positivism, Laws Normativity, and the Normative Force of Legal Justification,
in Ratio Juris Vol. 16:4 2003.
Turner, S.P. and Factor, R.A. (1994) Max Weber. The lawyer as social thinker. London:
Routledge
Van Creveld, M (19??) The Rise and Decline of the State.
Vogelin, E. The Necessity to Limit Disobedience and Indecision, (Chapter VI The Impersonal
Use of Force 4), in Erich Vogelin, Collected Works, 27, (Year) pp 61-62
Walzer, M Obligations (Harvard University Press 1970)
Watson, P. Ideas: A History Of Thought And Invention From Fire to Freud
Weber, M Economy and Society, vol. I, 158-60
White, T.H. (1958, 2011) The Once and Future King. (Pick an edition)
Wight, M. (1991): International Theory: The three traditions [Edited by Brian Porter, Gabriele
Wight]. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
Wrong, D. 1961 The Oversocialized Concept of Man in Modern Society. American
Sociological Review 26: 183-193
Further Information
1. A sample class lecture is available at the following link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6W-PI7Oi2Y