Paper Reference (complete below)

Centre
No.

Candidate
No.

1 H

Surname

Initial(s)

Signature

Paper Reference(s)

5020H/1H

5048H/1H

Edexcel GCSE

Additional Science (5020H)

Physics (5048H)

Team Leaders use only

Question Leave
Number Blank

P2 Topics 9 to 12

Higher Tier
Monday 10 March 2008 Morning
Time: 30 minutes
Materials required for examination
Calculator

Examiners use only

1
2
3
4

Items included with question papers

Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature, and complete the paper reference.
Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink.
Show all stages in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 4 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 30.
There are 12 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
2008 Edexcel Limited.
Printers Log. No.

N33032A
W850/R1536/57570 6/5/3/4/3/2/11,600

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*N33032A0112*

FORMULAE
You may find the following formulae useful.
average velocity =

acceleration =

displacement
time

change in velocity
time

v=

s
t

a=

(v u )
t

force = mass acceleration

F=ma

momentum = mass velocity

=mv

change in potential
= mass gravitational field strength change in height
energy

PE = m g h

kinetic energy = mass (velocity)2

KE = m v2

electrical energy = voltage current time

E=VIt

power =

work done
time taken

P=

work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force

*N33032A0212*

W
t

W=Fs

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1.

(a) Ron and Pat work at the docks. Their job is scanning lorries for hidden items.
They have a new scanner that uses a radioactive source instead of X-rays.
The diagram shows the scanner in use.
detector
array

TANK
hidden items

radiation
source with
shield

detection
trolley

source
trolley

Different radiations have different abilities to penetrate and ionise.

Complete the table below to compare alpha, beta and gamma radiations.
Place one tick in each row of the table.
alpha

beta

gamma

most penetrating
least penetrating
most ionising
least ionising
(2)

*N33032A0312*

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(b) Which source (alpha, beta or gamma) should be used in the scanner?
Explain the reason for your choice.
Source ...........................................................................................................................
Reason ..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The radioactive isotope used is cobalt-60.
This is its symbol.

60
27

Co

Fill in the table below to show the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons in an
atom of cobalt-60.
number of protons

number of electrons =
number of neutrons =
(2)

*N33032A0412*

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(d) Pat and Ron disagree about which scanner is best.

I think the X-ray scanner

was better.

I think that the cobalt-60

scanner is best.

Use the information below to compare the two scanners in terms of performance and
safety.
X-ray scanner

Cobalt-60 scanner

time taken to scan 1 lorry

105 s

7s

penetration through wood

23 m

40 m

penetration through iron

2.8 m

5.3 m

energy of source

300 keV

1300 keV

Performance
Better scanner is ...........................................................................................................
Reason ..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
Safety
Better scanner is ...........................................................................................................
Reason ..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

Q1

(Total 7 marks)

*N33032A0512*

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2.

(a) Fawzia is investigating acceleration.

She uses the apparatus shown.
trolley mass = 0.93 kg
trolley

string
pulley
lab. bench
5 kg mass

0.60 m
floor
She starts her trolley from rest and uses a data logger to measure the acceleration.
Fawzia finds that the acceleration is 7.92 m/s2.
(i) Calculate the accelerating force on the trolley.
................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................... Force = ........................ N
(2)
(ii) What is the direction of the frictional forces acting on the trolley?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) State two places in the system where the friction occurs as the trolley moves.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)

*N33032A0612*

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(b) (i) Calculate the change in potential energy of the mass as it falls to the floor.
You may take the gravitational field strength as 10 N/kg.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Potential energy = ....................... J
(2)
(ii) If there were no frictional forces, what would be the kinetic energy gained by the
trolley and mass?
................................................................................................................................
Kinetic energy = ....................... J
(1)
(iii) Use your answer to part (ii) to calculate the velocity of the trolley just as the mass
hits the ground.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Velocity = ....................... m/s
(2)

Q2

(Total 10 marks)

*N33032A0712*

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3.

The sun is a nuclear fusion reactor.

(a) Explain what is meant by nuclear fusion.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) What are the conditions needed for nuclear fusion?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 3 marks)

*N33032A0812*

Q3

BLANK PAGE

*N33032A0912*

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4.

(a) Francine is a flight attendant.

She has heard that cosmic radiation is a problem
for people who fly a lot.
Francine normally works on routes which go over
the North Pole.
(i) What is cosmic radiation?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Why is cosmic radiation dangerous?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Francine does an Internet search and finds this graph.

1200

1000

800

flying time
in hours
600

400

12

11

10

200

13

altitude in km
10

*N33032A01012*

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The graph shows how many hours you need to fly to get the same dose of cosmic
radiation at different altitudes over Northern Europe.
(i) Use the graph to describe how the flight time varies with altitude for the same
dose of radiation.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) How does the graph show that the strength of cosmic radiation increases with
altitude?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Explain why the cosmic radiation is more at greater altitude.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The table shows the data for flights over the equator, giving the same dose of cosmic
radiation as in part (b).
altitude (km)

number of hours of flying

time over the equator

1200

800

10

500

10.6

400

12

300

(i) Draw a graph of this data on the same axes as in part (b).
(2)
(ii) Explain why the flight time over the equator that produces the same dose of
cosmic radiation is larger than the flight time over Northern Europe.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)

*N33032A01112*

11

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(d) Francine discovers that she is pregnant.

(i) State a possible ill-effect to her unborn baby caused by exposure to cosmic
radiation while flying.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) She wants to continue working for another six months.
Suggest what she could do to protect her unborn baby.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 30 MARKS
END

12

*N33032A01212*

Q4