Smoking Survey

Opinions Survey Report No.
40
Smoking-related Behaviour
and Attitudes, 2008/09
A report on research using the National Statistics

Opinions Survey produced on behalf of the
NHS Information Centre for health and social care
Deborah Lader
Office for National Statistics
ISSN 978 1 85774 687 7
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Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09
Table of contents
List of tables ...............................................................................................................ii
List of figures ........................................................................................................... vii
Conventions and symbols.......................................................................................viii
Summary ................................................................................................................... 1
1: Introduction ......................................................................................................... 4
2: Smoking behaviour and habits............................................................................6
3: Giving up smoking ............................................................................................. 13
Wanting to give up smoking..................................................................................................13
Intending to give up smoking............................................................................................... 14
The relationship between wanting to and intending to give up smoking.............................15
4: Attempts to give up smoking .............................................................................30

Previous attempts to give up smoking .................................................................................30
Help giving up smoking ....................................................................................................... 33
5: Awareness of health issues related to smoking................................................. 52

Awareness of relative risk of smoking.................................................................................. 52
Awareness of the effect of second-hand smoking ................................................................ 52
6: Attitudes related to smoking .............................................................................66

Smoking in the home ........................................................................................................... 66
Non-smokers' attitudes towards people smoking near them .............................................. 66
Smokers behaviour in the presence of non-smokers .......................................................... 68
Smoking restrictions at work ............................................................................................... 70
7: Views about restrictions on smoking in public.................................................. 80

Views on smoking restrictions in public places ...................................................................80
Taxation on tobacco ............................................................................................................. 82
Increase in legal age of sale of tobacco................................................................................. 83
Appendix A: The NS Opinions Survey ....................................................................94

The sample ........................................................................................................................... 94
Weighting ............................................................................................................................. 94
Fieldwork.............................................................................................................................. 95
Questions.............................................................................................................................. 95
Response rates...................................................................................................................... 95
Appendix B: The Questions..................................................................................... 97

Appendix C: Bibliography/reference .....................................................................115
List of tables
Table 2.1 Cigarette smoking status: by sex, 1996-2008/09 .................................................................... 8
Table 2.2 Prevalence of cigarette smoking: by sex and socio-economic classification,
2001-2008/09........................................................................................................................ 9
Table 2.3 Daily cigarette consumption: by sex, 1996-2008/09 ............................................................ 10
Table 2.4 Time between waking and the first cigarette: by sex, 1996-2008/09.................................... 11
Table 2.5 Time between waking and the first cigarette: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.....................................................................................................12
Table 3.1 Views on giving up smoking: by sex, 1997-2008/09 ..............................................................17
Table 3.2 Views on giving up smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked per day,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 18
Table 3.3 Views on giving up smoking: by whether have tried to give up smoking in
the last five years, 2008/09 ................................................................................................. 18
Table 3.4 Views on giving up smoking: by whether have tried to give up smoking in
the last year, 2008/09.......................................................................................................... 19
Table 3.5 Main reasons for wanting to stop smoking: by sex, 1996-2008/09......................................20
Table 3.6 Main reasons for wanting to stop smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked
per day, 2008/09 ..................................................................................................................21
Table 3.7 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09....................................... 22
Table 3.8 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by socio-economic classification
and by presence of children in the household, 2008/09..................................................... 23
Table 3.9 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked
per day, 2008/09 ................................................................................................................. 23
Table 3.10 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether they have tried to
give up smoking in the last five years, 2008/09.................................................................. 24
Table 3.11 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether have tried to give up
smoking in the last year, 2008/09....................................................................................... 24
Table 3.12 Likelihood of smoking a year from now: by smoking status, 1999-2008/09...................... 25
Table 3.13 Likelihood of smokers still smoking a year from now: by whether intend to
give up smoking, 2008/09 ................................................................................................... 26
Table 3.14 Likelihood of smokers still smoking a year from now: 1999-2008/09 ............................... 26
Table 3.15 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether they want to give up
smoking, 1999-2008/09 ...................................................................................................... 27
Table 3.16 Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: 1999-2008/09 ........................ 28
Table 3.17 Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by sex, 2008/09 ..................... 28
Table 3.18 Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by number of
cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09 ................................................................................... 28
ii
Table 3.19 Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by socioeconomic classification and by presence of children in the household,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 29
Table 4.1 Ever tried to give up smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09........................................................... 36
Table 4.2 Ever tried to give up smoking: by socio-economic classification and by
presence of children in the household, 2008/09 ................................................................ 36
Table 4.3 Ever tried to give up smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked per day,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 36
Table 4.4 Attempts to give up smoking in last five years: by sex, 1999-2008/09 ................................ 37
Table 4.5 Attempts to give up smoking in past five years: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.................................................................................................... 37
Table 4.6 Attempts to give up smoking in the last year: 1999-2008/09 .............................................. 37
Table 4.7 Number of attempts to give up smoking in the last year: 1999-2008/09............................. 38
Table 4.8 Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: 1999-2008/09 ......................... 38
Table 4.9 Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: by sex, 2008/09....................... 38
Table 4.10 Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: by number of
cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09 ................................................................................... 39
Table 4.11 Main reasons for starting smoking again: 2002-2008/09 .................................................. 39
Table 4.12 Main reasons for not trying to give up smoking: 2002-2008/09 .......................................40
Table 4.13 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: 1999-2008/09 ............................................40
Table 4.14 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by sex, 2008/09 ......................................... 41
Table 4.15 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.................................................................................................... 41
Table 4.16 Length of time since stopped smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09........................................... 42
Table 4.17 Length of time since stopped smoking: by age, 2008/09.................................................... 43
Table 4.18 Length of time since stopped smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked
per day, 2008/09 ................................................................................................................. 43
Table 4.19 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: 1996-2008/09 ................................................ 44
Table 4.20 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by sex and by age, 2008/09........................... 44
Table 4.21 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.................................................................................................... 45
Table 4.22 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by length of time since
stopped, 2008/09 ................................................................................................................ 45
Table 4.23 Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by sex, 1999-2008/09............................ 46
Table 4.24 Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by socio-economic
classification, 2008/09 ........................................................................................................ 47
Table 4.25 Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.................................................................................................... 47
Table 4.26 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: 1996-2008/09 .................................... 48
iii
Table 4.27 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by sex, 2008/09.................................. 48
Table 4.28 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by number of cigarettes
smoked per day, 2008/09.................................................................................................... 49
Table 4.29 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by socio-economic
classification, 2008/09 ........................................................................................................49
Table 4.30 Type of advice given in the last five years, and whether it was helpful or
not: by sex, 1996- 2008/09.................................................................................................. 50
Table 4.31 Whether ex-smokers were given advice on smoking in the last five years:
1999-2008/09 .......................................................................................................................51
Table 5.1 What people think is the main cause of death before the age of 65 in the UK:
1996-2008/09 ...................................................................................................................... 56
by smoking status, 2008/09 ................................................................................................ 56
by age and sex, 2008/09 ...................................................................................................... 57
Table 5.4 Views on whether or not living with a smoker increases a child's risk of
certain medical conditions: 1996-2008/09 ......................................................................... 58
certain medical conditions: by smoking status, 2008/09 ................................................... 59
certain medical conditions: by sex and by age, 2008/09 ....................................................60
certain medical conditions: by socio-economic classification and by
presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09 ....................................................... 61
Table 5.8 Views on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking
adult's risk of certain medical conditions: 1996-2008/09 .................................................. 62
adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by smoking status, 2008/09 ............................ 63
adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by sex and by age, 2008/09 ............................. 64
adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by socio-economic classification
and by presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09............................................ 65
Table 6.1 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: 2006 to 2008/09 ...........................71
Table 6.2 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by smoking status,
2008/09 ................................................................................................................................71
Table 6.3 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by sex and by age,
2008/09 ................................................................................................................................71
Table 6.4 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by socio-economic
classification and by presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09...................... 72
iv
Table 6.5 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by views on whether
or not living with a smoker increases a child's risk of certain medical
conditions, 2008/09 ............................................................................................................ 72
Table 6.6 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by views on whether
or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of
certain medical conditions, 2008/09 .................................................................................. 73
Table 6.7 Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: 1997-2008/09 ................................. 73
Table 6.8 Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: by sex and by
smoking status, 2008/09 ..................................................................................................... 74
Table 6.9 Non-smokers' reasons for saying that they would mind if smokers smoke
near them: 1997-2008/09.................................................................................................... 75
Table 6.10 Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: by views on whether
or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of
certain medical conditions, 2008/09 .................................................................................. 75
Table 6.11 Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: 1997-2008/09...................................... 76
Table 6.12 Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by number of cigarettes
smoked and by sex, 2008/09............................................................................................... 76
Table 6.13 Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by views on whether or
not living with a smoker increases a child's risk of certain medical
conditions, 2008/09 ............................................................................................................ 77
Table 6.14 Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by views on whether or
not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of certain
medical conditions, 2008/09............................................................................................... 77
Table 6.15 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: 2007 and
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 77
Table 6.16 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by smoking status,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 78
Table 6.17 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by sex, 2008/09 ......................... 78
Table 6.18 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by socio-economic
classification, 2008/09 ........................................................................................................ 79
Table 7.1 Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: 2007 and 2008/09........................ 84
Table 7.2 Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by smoking status,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 84
Table 7.3 Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by sex and by age,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 85
Table 7.4 Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by socio-economic
classification and by presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09...................... 85
Table 7.5 Agreement with smoking restrictions in places where there are, or likely to
be, children: by parental status, 2007 and 2008/09........................................................... 86
be, children: by parental status and smoking status, 2008/09........................................... 86
be, children: by parental status, by sex and by age, 2008/09 ............................................. 87
be, children: by parental status and socio-economic classification,
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 87
Table 7.9 Agreement with new legislation on smoking restrictions in public places:
2007 and 2008/09 ...............................................................................................................88
by smoking status, 2008/09 ................................................................................................88
by sex and by age, 2008/09 .................................................................................................88
by socio-economic classification and by presence of children under 16 in
household, 2008/09 ............................................................................................................ 89
Table 7.13 Changes in visiting pubs since smoking restrictions introduced: 2007 and
2008/09 ............................................................................................................................... 89
Table 7.14 Changes in visiting pubs since smoking restrictions introduced: by
smoking status, 2008/09 ..................................................................................................... 89
Table 7.15 Changes in visiting pubs since smoking restrictions introduced: by sex and
by age, 2008/09 ...................................................................................................................90
Table 7.16 Changes in visiting pubs since smoking restrictions introduced: by socioeconomic classification and by presence of children under 16 in household,
2008/09 ...............................................................................................................................90
Table 7.17 Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: 1996-2008/09 ..............................................90
Table 7.18 Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: by smoking status, 2008/09........................ 91
Table 7.19 Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: by sex and by age, 2008/09 ......................... 91
Table 7.20 Views on government legislation increasing legal age of sale of tobacco:
2007 and 2008/09 ...............................................................................................................92
Table 7.21 Views on government legislation increasing legal age of sale of tobacco: by
smoking status, 2008/09 ..................................................................................................... 92
sex and by age, 2008/09 ...................................................................................................... 93
socio-economic classification, 2008/09 .............................................................................. 93
vi
List of figures
Figure 4.1 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by sex, 2008/09 ............................................ 32
Figure 4.2 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by sex, 2008/09 .................................... 34
Figure 5.1 Views on whether or not living with a smoker increases a childs risk of
certain medical conditions: 2008/09 .................................................................................. 54
Figure 5.2 Views on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking
adults risk of certain medical conditions: 2008/09 ........................................................... 55
Figure 6.1 Non-smokers reasons for saying they would mind if smokers smoke near
them: 2008/09..................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 6.2 Smokers behaviour when they are with adult non-smokers and children: by
number of cigarettes smoked a day, 2008/09..................................................................... 69
Figure 6.3 Percentage of smokers who would not smoke at all when they are with adult
non-smokers and children: 1997-2008/09 ......................................................................... 70
Figure 7.1 Percentage of people agreeing with the ban on smoking in certain places:
2007 and 2008/09 ...............................................................................................................80
vii
Conventions and symbols

Presentation of data
A percentage may be quoted in the text for a single category that is
identifiable in the tables only by summing two or more component
percentages. In order to avoid rounding errors, the percentage has been
recalculated for the single category and therefore may differ by one
percentage point from the sum of the percentages derived from the tables.
The row or column percentages may add to 99 per cent or 101 per cent
because of rounding.
0 per cent in the tables indicates that fewer than 0.5 per cent of
respondents gave this answer. Instances where no answers for a particular
response were given are indicated in the tables by '-'.
A few people failed to answer some questions. These no answers have
been excluded from the analysis, and so tables that describe the same
population have slightly varying bases.
The individual figures for unweighted sample sizes are rounded to the
nearest ten cases and may not add up to the figures shown in the totals.
Small bases are associated with relatively high sampling errors and this
affects the reliability of estimates. In general, percentage distribution is
shown if the base is 30 or more. Where the base is smaller than this, actual
numbers are shown within square brackets. Where estimates are
considered unreliable due to relatively high sampling error, figures in the
tables are presented with a turquoise shaded background.
Sampling error
Since the data in this report were obtained from a sample of the
population, they are subject to sampling error. The Opinions survey has a
multi-stage sample design, and this has been taken into account when
identifying statistically significant differences in the report.
Design effects were calculated for age or sex comparisons and were usually
between 1.0 and 1.2. For other comparisons, an estimated design effect of
1.2 was used. Any differences mentioned in the report are statistically
significant at the 95 per cent confidence level, unless otherwise stated.
It is important to remember that factors other than sampling errors can
affect the reliability of the results obtained from any survey. Other sources
of inaccuracy include, for example, non-response bias and underreporting, which are more difficult to quantify.
Weighting
Because only one household member is interviewed at each address,
people in households containing few adults have a higher probability of
selection than those in households with many. Where the unit of analysis
is individual adults, as it is for this module, a weighting factor is applied to
viii
correct for this unequal probability of selection. This was the weighting
system used for previous reports.
The weighting system used from 2007 also adjusts for some non-response
bias by calibrating the Opinions sample to ONS population totals. The
weighting ensures that the weighted sample distribution across regions
and across age-sex groups matches that in the population. Tables in this
report show estimates and bases from 2007 onwards weighted to
population totals, and the bases are also shown unweighted.
The tables in this report showing time-series data also give 2007 estimates
weighted only for unequal probability of selection (as in previous years) to
give an indication of the effect of the revised weighting system. There
appeared to be little effect on the estimates by introducing the new
weighting system.
ix
Summary
Summary
Smoking behaviour and habits (Chapter 2)
16 per cent of smokers reported that they smoked their first

cigarette of the day within five minutes of waking up. Smoking
within five minutes of waking was much more common among
those who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day (30 per cent)
than it was among those who smoked 10 19 cigarettes per day
(15 per cent) or those who smoked fewer than 10 a day (3 per
cent).
Giving up smoking (Chapter 3)
The percentage of current smokers who said they would like to

give up smoking (67 per cent) was significantly lower than 2007
(74 per cent) but not significantly different to previous years.
Overall, 83 per cent of smokers who wanted to give up mentioned

at least one health-related reason for wanting to give up smoking.
The most common reason, mentioned by 71 per cent, was that it
would be better for their health in general. Nearly a third of
smokers (31 per cent) said they wanted to give up smoking
because they could not afford to smoke or considered smoking a
waste of money. Six per cent of smokers said they wanted to give
up smoking due to the ban on smoking in public places.
Half (50 per cent) of smokers said that they intended to give up
smoking within the next 12 months.
Smokers who had made a serious attempt to give up smoking in

the past five years were more likely to say that they intended to
give up (85 per cent) than were those who had not (55 per cent).
Attempts to give up smoking (Chapter 4)
Three-quarters (75 per cent) of current smokers had tried to give

up smoking in the past. Just over half (53 per cent) of current
smokers had made a serious attempt in the past five years. This
was significantly lower than that found in 2007 (60 per cent) but
a similar percentage to that found in years previous to that.
Just under a quarter (23 per cent) of ex-smokers had given up

within the past five years.
43 per cent of smokers had sought some kind of advice or help for
stopping smoking in the last year and 55 per cent had received
advice from a medical professional in the past five years.
Summary
Awareness of health risks associated with smoking (Chapter 5)
Forty four per cent of people thought that smoking was

responsible for the most premature deaths (deaths before the age
of 65) in the UK. This was similar to 2006 and 2007 and in line
with previous Opinions surveys.
Awareness of the effects of second-hand smoking was widespread.

Respectively, 92 per cent and 86 per cent of respondents thought
a childs risk of getting chest infections and asthma were
increased by living with a smoker. The percentages were similar to
those found in previous years.
Over 80 per cent thought that second-hand smoking would

increase a non-smoking adults risk of lung cancer, bronchitis and
asthma and the percentages were similar to those found in recent
years.
Attitudes related to smoking (Chapter 6)
Just over two-thirds (69 per cent) of people said that smoking was
not allowed at all in their home, similar to the 67 per cent in 2007
but a statistically significant increase since 2006 when 61 per cent
of people said this. A fifth (20 per cent) said it was allowed in
some rooms or at some times and only 10 per cent said it was
allowed anywhere.
62 per cent of those who did not smoke said they would mind if
other people smoked near them, similar to the percentages since
2004 (60 per cent or higher) and slightly higher than in years
prior to this.
77 per cent of smokers said they did not smoke at all when they
are in a room with a child and 14 per cent said they would smoke
fewer cigarettes in the presence of a child.
The percentage of smokers who would not smoke at all in front of

children has increased over the survey years from 54 per cent in
1997 to 77 per cent in 2008/09.
The majority of smokers said they would modify their smoking in

a room with adult non-smokers 50 per cent would not smoke at
all and 31 per cent would smoke fewer cigarettes.
Three-fifths (60 per cent) of people who were in work said that
smoking was not allowed in enclosed places where they worked in
accordance with the smoke-free law and a further 33 per cent said
there was no smoking allowed on the premises, including the
grounds.
Views on smoking restrictions in public places (Chapter 7)
In 2008/09, the vast majority of those interviewed agreed with

the restrictions on smoking at work (85 per cent), and the
smoking ban in restaurants (93 per cent), in indoor shopping
centres (91 per cent), in indoor sports and leisure centres (94 per
cent), in indoor areas at railway and bus stations (85 per cent)
Summary
and in other public places such as banks and post offices (94 per
cent). Ninety five per cent of respondents agreed that there should
be smoking restrictions in places where there are, or are likely to
be, children under the age of 16. A smaller percentage of people,
75 per cent, agreed with restrictions on smoking in pubs.
Eighty one per cent of respondents said they agreed with the
legislation that banned smoking in enclosed public places 60
per cent strongly agreed and 21 per cent agreed. Thirteen per cent
of people disagreed with 4 per cent disagreeing strongly. Six per
cent neither agreed nor disagreed.
Sixty nine per cent of people said they visited pubs about as often
nowadays as before the smoking ban, but 14 per cent said they
went more often before the smoking restrictions were in place.
The remaining 17 per cent said they went less often before the
smoking ban.
The legal minimum age for the sale of tobacco was raised from 16
to 18 in October 2007 and the vast majority (85 per cent) agreed
with this change: 55 per cent agreed strongly and 30 per cent
agreed. Only 7 per cent disagreed with the new law.
1: Introduction
1: Introduction
This report presents the results of a survey on peoples smoking behaviour
and attitudes. It is the 13th in a series of studies carried out for the
Department of Health and the NHS Information Centre for health and
social care and was conducted in Great Britain in September and
November 2008 as part of the National Statistics Opinions Survey.
Unfortunately due to a routing error in the questionnaire, some
respondents were not asked all the applicable questions1. The survey was
therefore run again in February and March 2009. The majority of the
tables in this report cover all four months of the survey period, some cover
three months and some cover two months. There appeared to be no
seasonality effect of using data from February and March.
Earlier surveys were carried out in November and December 1995 and
1996 and 1997 and in October and November 1999 2007.
The first three surveys in the series were designed to monitor
smoking behaviour
people's awareness of the effect of smoking and second-hand

smoking
attitudes towards smoking, tobacco advertising and smoking

restrictions
Targets relating to the prevalence of smoking are monitored by other

surveys2, but the Opinions survey has been used to monitor changes in
attitudes towards smoking in general and towards smoking in public
places.
In December 1998, the Department of Health published Smoking Kills a
White Paper on tobacco, which set out practical measures to reduce
smoking. In 2004, the Department of Health released a new Public Health
White Paper - Choosing Health: Making healthier choices easier, which
builds on the 1998 proposals.
In September 2000, the first ever smoking inequalities target was set in
the Cancer Plan, and was repeated in the Public Service Agreement in
2004. This aimed to reduce smoking rates among adults to 21 per cent or
less and among manual groups to 26 per cent or less by 2010. Health
inequalities were made a key priority for the NHS in the Priorities and
Planning Framework (PPF) for 2003-06. A key target for the NHS was to
increase the number of people giving up smoking, with a particular focus
on disadvantaged groups and areas.
Details can be found in Appendix B The Questions
The results from GHS 2007 survey are available online at:
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=5756
1: Introduction
One of the measures proposed in the 1998 White Paper was to end tobacco
advertising and tobacco sponsorship and promotion3. The questions on
peoples knowledge of restrictions on tobacco advertising and their
attitudes towards tobacco advertising and sponsorship were therefore not
included in the 1999 survey. In their place, the section on giving up
smoking was expanded, and has been repeated in subsequent years. In
2002 two new questions were added to look at difficulties respondents
have when trying to give up smoking.
In 2003, the section on people's attitudes to smoking restrictions in public
places was expanded to ask about indoor shopping centres, indoor sports
and leisure centres and indoor areas at railway and bus stations. In order
to get a better picture of people's awareness of the risk of second-hand
smoke to children, respondents were also asked whether they thought
there should be restrictions on smoking in places where there are, or are
likely to be, children under the age of 16. Further questions were added on
the type of smoking restriction people would favour in pubs and how often
they would visit pubs if these restrictions were in place.
A comprehensive ban on smoking in all enclosed public places was
introduced from March 2006 in Scotland, April 2007 in Wales and from
July 2007 in England 4,5. Respondents were therefore asked a slightly
different set of questions from 2007 about their views on smoking
restrictions to those in previous years to reflect the change in legislation.
The legal minimum age for the sale of tobacco was raised from 16 to 18 in
October 2007 and a question was asked in 2007 and again in 2008/09
seeking people's views on this change in the legislation.
In addition to examining trends, the analysis in this report also explores
the relationship between various smoking-related attitudes and
behaviour6. The key topics examined and presented in this report include:
smoking behaviour and habits (Chapter 2)
views about giving up smoking (Chapter 3)
attempts to stop smoking (Chapter 4)
awareness of health issues related to smoking (Chapter 5)
attitudes towards smoking (Chapter 6)
views about restrictions on smoking (Chapter 7).
See the Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 which can be accessed at
http://www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2002/20020036.htm
4
The Health Bill can be accessed at:

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldbills/076/2006076.htm
5
The Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Bill was published on December 17, 2004.
See Appendix A for more information on the survey, and Appendix B for a list of all the
questions asked.
2: Smoking behaviour and habits


Twenty two per cent of adults aged 16 and over smoked in 2008/09.
Although smoking has decreased in prevalence since 1996 (28 per cent),
the proportion of current cigarette smokers (22 per cent) has not changed
significantly in recent years. The proportion of ex-smokers was slightly
higher and that of lifetime non-smokers slightly lower in 2008/09
compared with 2007, but it may be due to fluctuations in the data rather
than an ongoing trend.
A higher proportion of men than women were current cigarette smokers
(25 per cent compared with 20 per cent). Men were more likely than
women to have given up smoking cigarettes (34 per cent compared with 30
per cent). Conversely, women were more likely than men to have never
smoked (51 per cent of women compared with 41 per cent of men).
The key source of data for monitoring change in the prevalence of cigarette
smoking in the adult population is the General Household Survey (GHS).
The relevant GHS questions were included in the NS Opinions Survey to
help interpret the other data related to smoking7. Prevalence rates in the
Opinions Survey were similar to those found in the GHS: for example, in
2007 the GHS found that 22 per cent of men, 20 per cent of women and 21
per cent of the whole adult population smoked.
Table 2.1
Those people in routine or manual occupations were more likely to smoke
than those in managerial or professional occupations (30 per cent
compared with 15 per cent). This was true for men (32 per cent compared
with 17 per cent) and for women (27 per cent compared with 14 per cent)
and is similar to findings from previous years. Those in routine and
manual occupations were also more likely to smoke (30 per cent) than
those in intermediate occupations (22 per cent).
Table 2.2
Just under two fifths of smokers (38 per cent) smoked 10-19 cigarettes per
day, a third smoked fewer than 10 and just over a quarter (29 per cent)
smoked 20 or more per day. The number of cigarettes consumed daily by
smokers has decreased since 1996, but has remained fairly static since
2004: for example 33 per cent smoked 20 or more a day in 1996 compared
with 26 per cent in 2004 and 29 per cent in 2008/09. The overall decrease
evident among men from 1996 to 2007 was not sustained in 2008/09.
Womens cigarette consumption has remained stable.
Unlike in previous years, in 2008/09 men were, on average, heavier
smokers than women.
Table 2.3
The results from the GHS 2007 survey are available online at :

As an indicator of dependence, smokers were asked how soon after waking

they smoked their first cigarette of the day, and 16 per cent reported
having done so within five minutes of waking up.
Smoking within five minutes of waking was much more common among
those who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day (30 per cent) than it was
among those who smoked 1019 cigarettes per day (15 per cent). Those
who smoked 10-19 cigarettes a day were also significantly more likely to
smoke within five minutes of waking than those who smoked fewer than
ten cigarettes per day (3 per cent). Conversely, more than half (56 per
cent) of those who smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day waited at least
two hours before lighting up in the morning, compared with 7 per cent of
those who smoked 10-19 cigarettes and 3 per cent of those who smoked 20
or more a day.
Tables 2.4 - 2.5

Table
All persons aged 16 and over
Cigarette smoking
status
Men
Current cigarette smoker
Ex-regular cigarette smoker
Never or only occasionally
smoked cigarettes
Unweighted base
Weighted base (000s) **
Weighted base *
Women
smoked cigarettes
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
smoked cigarettes
2.1 Cigarette smoking status: by sex, 1996-2008/09
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
28
32
%
26
32
%
27
34
%
26
34
%
26
32
%
26
30
%
26
29
%
23
30
%
25
29
%
26
30
%
24
30
%
25
28
%
25
34
39
41
39
40
43
44
45
47
45
44
46
47
41
1027
22,265
1920
23,334
1787
1711
1644
1594
1547
1747
1628
1651
1088
1088
1058
28
19
27
23
26
22
26
22
23
21
24
23
22
22
23
25
23
22
23
24
20
24
20
23
20
30
52
50
52
51
56
54
56
52
55
52
56
57
51
1253
24,003
2440
24,577
1911
2006
1916
1734
1946
2074
1891
1899
1314
1262
1220
28
26
26
27
27
28
26
28
24
25
25
26
24
25
23
27
24
25
24
27
22
27
22
25
22
32
46
46
46
46
50
49
51
50
51
49
51
52
46
2280
46,268
4360
47,911
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3698
3717
3560
3328
1996-2006 percentages and bases weighted for unequal chance of selection
* weighted for unequal chance of selection
** weighted to population totals
3495
3821
3519
3550
2402
2348
2278

2.2
Table
Prevalence of cigarette smoking: by sex and socio-economic
classification, 2001-2008/09
Socio-economic
classification
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Percentage smoking cigarettes
Men
2008/09
2008/09
Unweighted
Weighted
base (000s) **
8,628
3,633
8,490
Managerial and professional occupations

Intermediate occupations
Routine and manual occupations
17
26
33
17
31
34
16
26
36
16
21
30
16
28
35
13
20
37
15
19
35
15
23
36
17
29
32
base
730
320
730
Total1
26
26
26
23
25
26
24
25
25
1920
23,334
Women
20
22
27
16
22
30
15
16
34
18
20
29
16
21
30
18
19
29
18
16
25
18
16
25
14
17
27
750
530
900
7,466
5,246
8,566
Total1
23
24
23
23
22
23
20
20
20
2440
24,577
All
18
24
30
16
25
32
16
19
34
17
21
29
16
24
32
16
19
33
16
17
30
16
19
30
15
22
30
1480
850
1630
16,094
8,880
17,056
Total1
24
25
24
23
24
24
22
22
22
4360
47,911
Bases for earlier years can be found in Omnibus reports for each year.
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately
described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.

Table
All smokers
Number of cigarettes
smoked per day
1996
2.3 Daily cigarette consumption: by sex, 1996-2008/09

1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 * 2007 ** 2008/09 **
Men
20 or more
10-19
Fewer than 10
38
37
25
32
43
25
36
38
25
34
39
27
37
40
23
35
41
24
34
40
27
32
36
32
34
40
26
29
45
26
26
44
30
25
42
33
33
38
29
254
5,632
460
5,846
23
44
32
24
39
36
264
4,750
480
4,778
24
43
32
29
38
33
518
10,382
940
10,623
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
506
448
446
414
396
456
423
375
273
280
256
28
41
31
29
42
29
24
47
29
32
37
31
25
41
34
26
42
32
26
45
29
21
44
35
23
43
34
21
49
30
25
45
30
Women
20 or more
10-19
Fewer than 10
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
20 or more
10-19
Fewer than 10
539
536
502
452
448
488
425
433
297
291
240
33
39
28
30
42
27
30
43
27
33
38
29
31
41
29
30
42
28
30
43
28
26
40
34
28
42
30
25
47
28
26
45
30
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
1045
984
948
866
844
944
848
808
570
571
496
10

2.4 Time between waking and the first cigarette: by sex, 1996-
Table
2008/09
All smokers
Time between waking
and the first cigarette
Men
Less than 5 minutes
5-14 minutes
15-29 minutes
30 mins but less than 1 hour
1 hour but less than 2 hours
2 hours and over
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Women
Less than 5 minutes
5-14 minutes
15-29 minutes
2 hours and over
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
Less than 5 minutes
5-14 minutes
15-29 minutes
2 hours and over
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
%
13
16
17
19
13
22
%
14
15
12
18
14
26
%
15
14
16
17
16
22
%
14
17
15
19
14
23
%
12
17
15
22
13
21
%
14
14
16
21
16
19
%
13
18
13
19
14
23
%
10
15
14
31
14
27
%
12
15
16
24
15
19
%
18
16
13
21
14
18
%
11
17
13
20
16
21
505
449
443
416
397
458
418
376
274
280
255
12
15
15
17
14
26
12
16
12
19
16
26
11
12
14
19
16
29
12
15
14
20
14
25
14
14
12
16
16
28
10
15
12
20
15
28
12
13
15
15
17
27
12
16
12
14
16
31
15
13
13
17
13
29
13
16
13
22
10
26
13
15
13
22
14
24
538
536
504
455
447
484
424
433
299
292
243
13
15
16
18
14
24
13
15
12
19
15
26
13
13
15
18
16
26
13
16
14
19
14
24
13
15
14
19
15
25
12
14
14
20
16
24
13
15
14
17
16
25
11
15
13
17
15
29
13
14
15
20
14
24
15
16
13
22
12
22
12
16
13
21
15
22
867
845
942
843
809
571
570
498
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
1043
983
949
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
10
16
14
20
17
23
%
16
15
14
18
15
21
253
5,608
460
5,784
12
16
12
21
13
26
15
17
13
16
17
22
266
4,773
480
4,827
11
16
13
21
15
24
16
16
14
17
16
21
519
10,381
940
10,611
11

2.5
Table
Time between waking and the first cigarette: by number of
cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09
All smokers
Time between waking
and the first cigarette
Less than 5 minutes

5-14 minutes
15-29 minutes
2 hours and over
Unweighted base
Weighted Base (000s) *
* weighted to population totals
Number of cigarettes a day

20 or more
10-19
Fewer
than 10
Total
%
30
24
21
16
6
3
%
15
18
17
23
20
7
%
3
5
3
11
20
56
%
16
16
14
17
16
21
290
3,094
370
4,071
270
3,361
940
10,611
12
3: Giving up smoking
Wanting to give up smoking
In order to meet the targets for reducing the prevalence of cigarette
smoking set out in the Smoking Kills White Paper, the Public Health White
Paper and the Cancer Plan, people have to be discouraged from starting to
smoke, and current smokers have to be encouraged to stop.
Smokers who want to give up

Sixty seven per cent of current smokers said they wanted to give up
smoking. This was significantly lower than 2007 (74 per cent) but not
significantly different to previous years. Twenty two per cent of smokers
said that they very much wanted to stop smoking, and a further quarter
(23 per cent) said they wanted to stop quite a lot.
Male smokers were no more likely than female smokers to want to give up
smoking (68 per cent compared with 66 per cent respectively). Smokers
who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day were less likely to want to give up
smoking than those who smoke less (62 per cent compared with 73 per
cent of smokers who smoke fewer than 10 a day).
Tables 3.1 - 3.2
Those who had made a serious attempt to give up in the last five years
were more likely to say that they wanted to give up very much, than were
those who had not tried to stop smoking in the past five years (33 per cent
and 9 per cent respectively). Similarly, adults who had tried to give up
smoking within the past year were more likely to state that they very much
wanted to stop than those who had not tried to do so (49 per cent
compared with 18 per cent).
Tables 3.3 - 3.4
Reasons for wanting to give up smoking

Those who wanted to give up smoking were asked why they wanted to do
so and up to three of their answers were recorded. An extra category was
included from 2007, to reflect the introduction of the ban on smoking in
enclosed public places. The vast majority (83 per cent) of smokers who
wanted to stop smoking gave at least one health reason for wanting to give
up:
71 per cent said it was because it would be better for their health in
general
25 per cent said that giving up smoking would reduce their risk of
getting a smoking related illness
12 per cent said it was because of health problems they had at present
After health reasons, the next most common reason given for wanting to
give up smoking was a financial one - 31 per cent could not afford to smoke
or considered smoking a waste of money. Twenty two per cent said they
wanted to give up because of the effect of smoking on children and 16 per
13
cent said it was because of family pressure. The reasons given were very
similar to those reported in previous years. A small number, 6 per cent,
said they wanted to give up because of the ban on smoking in public
places.
The only statistically significant difference between adults who smoked 20
or more cigarettes a day and those who smoked fewer cigarettes a day was
that those who smoked more were more likely to want to stop smoking due
to present health problems (19 per cent of those who smoked 20 or more
cigarettes per day compared with 10 per cent of other smokers).
Tables 3.5 - 3.6
Intending to give up smoking

As well as being asked whether they would like to stop smoking, smokers
were asked whether they actually intended to do so. Seventy-one per cent
of smokers said they intended to give up smoking at some point in the
future, significantly lower than in 2006 and 2007. Most smokers intended
to stop smoking one month or more after the survey question was asked;
only 12 per cent of smokers intended to give up within the next month and
this has remained stable since 1999.
In 2008/09, there were no statistically significant differences between the
proportions of men and women who intended to give up smoking.
However, there were differences between men and women in changes over
time in the proportions intending to give up smoking. There was a
significant increase in the proportion of men who intended to give up
smoking from 69 per cent in 1999 to 78 per cent in 2007, falling again to
70 per cent in 2008/09. For women, the proportions intending to stop
smoking did not increase significantly over the same time period (71 per
cent in 1999 compared with 73 per cent in 2008/09).
Table 3.7
Smokers in managerial and professional occupations were more likely

than smokers in intermediate or routine and manual occupations to intend
to give up smoking - 78 per cent and 69 per cent respectively. Similarly,
smokers with children under 16 in the household were statistically
significantly more likely to intend to stop smoking than smokers in all
adult households. The fewer cigarettes people smoked, the more likely
they were to intend to stop smoking - 60 per cent of smokers who smoked
20 or more per day intended to stop smoking compared with 79 per cent of
those who smoked fewer than 10 a day .
Tables 3.8 - 3.9
Tables 3.10 and 3.11 suggest that individuals do not abandon their
attempts to quit smoking after relapsing but may try again. Smokers who
had made a serious attempt to give up smoking in the past five years were
more likely to say that they intended to give up (85 per cent) than were
those who had not (55 per cent). Similarly, smokers who had made an
attempt to give up in the last year were more likely to intend to give up
compared with smokers who had tried to give up in the past five years but
not in the past year (95 per cent and 77 per cent respectively).
14
Tables 3.10 - 3.11

All adults smokers and non-smokers - were asked to assess the
likelihood that they would be smoking in 12 months time. Nearly half of
current smokers (46 per cent) said that they would definitely or probably
be smoking in 12 months and about a third (32 per cent) said they would
definitely or probably not be smoking in a year. The majority of exsmokers (97 per cent) stated that they would definitely or probably not
have resumed smoking a year later. The percentage of current smokers
who said they would definitely or probably be smoking in 12 months was
the same as that reported in 2006 but statistically significantly higher than
in 2007.
Table 3.12
Smokers who intended to give up smoking within the next 12 months were
the most likely to state that they would probably or definitely not be
smoking in a year. Over half (56 per cent) of those who intended to give up
smoking within a year predicted that they would definitely or probably not
be smoking in 12 months time compared with 3 per cent of those who had
no intention of quitting.
A higher proportion of smokers who intend to quit in the next year were
confident that they would not be smoking in 12 months time in 2008/09
compared with in previous years.
Tables 3.13 - 3.14
The relationship between wanting to and intending to

give up smoking
Smokers who said they wanted to give up smoking were more likely to say
that they intended to stop smoking at some point in the future (95 per
cent) than those who did not want to give up (22 per cent).
About a third (34 per cent) of smokers both wanted to give up and
intended to do so in the next six months, but 25 per cent neither wanted to
give up nor intended to do so.
Tables 3.15 - 3.16
Tables 3.17 to 3.19 present information about desire and resolve together
for different sub-groups. There were no statistically significant differences
between men and women. The likelihood of those who smoked fewer than
10 cigarettes a day wanting to give up smoking and intending to do so
within the next six months was greater than for people who smoked 20 or
more a day (45 per cent and 25 per cent respectively) . Conversely, 34 per
cent of people who smoked 20 or more a day neither wanted nor intended
to stop smoking compared with 23 per cent of those who smoked 10-19 a
day and 20 per cent of those who smoked fewer than 10 a day.
Smokers with children in the household were more likely than those
without children present to want and intend to give up smoking. Smokers
in routine and manual occupations were no more likely than those in
managerial and professional occupations to want to or intend to give up
smoking.
15
Tables 3.17 - 3.19
16
Table
All smokers
Views on giving up
smoking
3.1 Views on giving up smoking: by sex, 1997-2008/09
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
Men
Would like to give up:
Very much indeed
Quite a lot
A fair amount
A little
..
..
..
..
29
20
16
6
29
20
16
6
29
18
17
8
26
24
13
8
24
24
14
8
32
24
12
6
24
24
17
9
24
29
13
7
28
28
12
10
27
27
12
11
20
24
17
7
Total would like to give up
68
72
71
72
71
71
74
74
72
77
77
68
Would not like to give up
32
28
29
28
29
29
26
26
28
23
23
32
250
5,497
460
5,851
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
449
447
414
390
454
423
373
269
279
251
..
..
..
..
30
22
12
8
32
20
15
5
27
26
14
7
26
22
15
7
25
20
19
7
25
24
16
8
29
23
14
5
22
25
18
6
23
21
16
9
23
21
16
10
24
21
16
6
74
72
71
73
70
70
72
71
72
69
70
66
26
28
29
27
30
30
28
29
28
31
30
34
264
4,752
480
4,791
Women
Very much indeed
Quite a lot
A fair amount
A little
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
536
503
454
446
482
426
431
295
292
240
..
..
..
..
30
21
14
7
30
20
16
6
28
22
15
7
26
23
14
8
24
22
17
7
28
24
14
7
27
23
15
7
23
27
15
7
26
24
14
9
25
24
14
11
22
23
16
6
71
72
71
72
70
70
73
72
72
73
74
67
29
28
29
28
30
30
27
28
28
27
26
33
514
10,249
940
10,642
All
Very much indeed
Quite a lot
A fair amount
A little
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
987
950
868
836
936
.. data not available.
849
804
564
571
491
17
3.2
Table
Views on giving up smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked
per day, 2008/09
All smokers
Views on giving up
smoking
Total
Number of cigarettes per day

20 or
more
10-19
Fewer
than 10
Very much indeed
21
18
27
22
Quite a lot
19
25
25
23
A fair amount
15
19
14
16
62
67
73
67
38
33
27
33
A little
Unweighted base
Weighted base (000s) *
290
370
270
940
3,077
4,033
3,442
10,642
3.3
Views on giving up smoking: by whether have tried to give up

Table
smoking in the last five years, 2008/09
All smokers
Views on giving up
smoking
Attempted
Not attempted
to give up in
to give up in
last 5 years
last 5 years
Total
Very much indeed
33
22
Quite a lot
27
18
23
A fair amount
16
17
16
81
52
67
19
48
33
A little
Unweighted base
500
440
940
5,683
4,958
10,642
18
3.4
Table
Views on giving up smoking: by whether have tried to give up
smoking in the last year, 2008/09
Smokers who have tried to give up smoking in the last 5 years
Views on giving up
smoking
Attempted
Not attempted
to give up in
to give up in
last year
last year
Total
Very much indeed
49
18
33
Quite a lot
30
25
27
A fair amount
10
22
16
92
71
81
29
19
A little
Unweighted base
230
270
500
2,778
2,903
5,683
19
Table
3.5 Main reasons for wanting to stop smoking: by sex, 1996-2008/09
Smokers who want to stop smoking

Reasons for wanting
to stop smoking
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Percentage giving reason for wanting to stop smoking

72
70
68
74
75
Men
Better for health in general
73
Less risk of getting smoking

related illness
Present health problems
At least one health reason
Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Ban on smoking in public places
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
21
15
86
26
15
13
..
5
3
27
14
91
21
16
15
..
5
1
1
28
17
83
28
22
14
..
6
3
32
14
88
28
14
11
..
4
3
26
17
88
28
22
14
6
5
0
1
26
15
87
27
23
13
6
5
0
1
26
13
85
28
15
20
6
4
1
2
Gave more than one reason
49
53
58
51
62
61
59
190
4,220
310
3,992
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
299
278
200
202
190
72
Women
related illness
Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
62
66
79
69
66
67
70
22
18
81
31
14
23
..
7
2
2
28
17
85
31
20
16
..
6
1
3
39
12
90
30
24
25
..
7
2
3
22
16
83
24
20
16
..
5
5
2
19
21
83
28
16
18
7
4
3
1
18
20
83
26
16
18
8
4
4
2
24
11
82
33
17
24
7
8
3
2
56
58
77
53
56
55
64
189
3,334
320
3,182
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
297
311
209
208
166
All
67
68
75
69
70
71
71

related illness
Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
22
16
84
28
15
18
..
6
1
3
27
15
88
26
18
16
..
6
1
2
34
14
87
29
23
20
..
7
1
3
26
15
85
26
17
14
..
5
2
3
22
19
86
28
20
16
6
5
2
1
22
17
86
27
20
15
7
5
2
1
25
12
83
31
16
22
6
6
2
2
52
55
68
52
59
58
61
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
596
589
409
410
356
Percentages sum to more than 100 as smokers could give more than one answer.
.. code added in 2007
379
7,554
620
7,174
20
3.6
Table
Main reasons for wanting to stop smoking: by number of
Smokers who want to stop smoking

Reasons for wanting to stop smoking

20 or
10-19
more
Total
Fewer
than 10
Percentage giving reason for wanting to stop smoking

related illness
Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
64
73
74
71
27
19
84
31
14
20
5
8
2
2
28
10
83
36
13
23
8
7
2
3
21
10
83
25
20
22
6
4
2
1
25
12
83
31
16
22
6
6
2
2
62
64
56
61
190
2,507
620
7,174
Unweighted base
180
250
1,910
2,726
Percentages sum to more than 100 as smokers could give more than one answer.
21
Table
All smokers
When smokers intend
to give up smoking
3.7 When smokers intend to give up smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
Men
Within the next month
Within the next 6 months+
Within the next year+
%
12
33
49
%
12
29
46
%
7
28
46
%
10
31
47
%
12
34
53
%
14
42
58
%
12
31
50
%
10
34
54
%
11
34
58
%
12
34
58
%
12
34
50
In more than a year
20
21
27
21
20
20
24
24
20
21
20
Total intend to give up

Do not intend to give up
69
31
68
32
72
28
69
31
73
27
78
22
74
26
79
21
78
22
79
21
70
30
252
5,585
460
5,803
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
435
413
393
449
422
370
273
277
254
Women
12
34
53
10
30
50
12
36
48
9
31
51
10
33
54
13
39
52
13
35
57
12
38
58
12
39
55
12
39
56
14
36
50
In more than a year
17
23
19
20
17
19
20
18
17
18
23

71
29
73
27
77
23
72
28
71
29
72
28
77
23
76
24
73
27
75
25
73
27
261
4,690
470
4,704
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
496
446
444
483
414
427
295
283
235
All
12
34
52
11
29
48
9
31
51
10
32
51
11
33
53
13
40
55
12
33
53
11
36
56
12
36
56
12
36
57
12
35
50
In more than a year
18
22
23
20
19
19
22
21
19
20
21

70
30
71
29
75
25
70
30
72
28
75
25
76
24
77
23
76
24
77
23
71
29
Unweighted base
513
10,276
Weighted base *
931
859
837
932
836
797
568
560
489
+
These are cumulative percentages showing total number of smokers who said they intended to give up smoking within the stated period.
930
10,507
22
3.8
Table
When smokers intend to give up smoking: by socio-economic
classification and by presence of children in the household, 2008/09
All smokers
When smokers intend
to give up smoking
Socio-economic classification
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
Routine and
manual
occupations
Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household
Total1

+
Within the next 6 months
%
16
41
61
%
11
31
45
%
11
34
48
%
16
39
56
%
11
32
47
%
12
35
50
In more than a year
17
24
21
25
19
21

78
22
69
31
69
31
81
19
66
34
71
29
Unweighted base
220
180
450
280
660
930
2,406
1,918
4,917
3,453
7,054
10,507
+
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose
occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.
3.9
When smokers intend to give up smoking: by number of

Table
All smokers
When smokers intend
to give up smoking

20 or more
10-19
Total
Fewer
than 10

%
8
26
38
%
9
32
50
%
21
46
61
%
12
35
50
In more than a year
22
23
18
21

60
40
73
27
79
21
71
29
Unweighted base
290
3,069
370
3,971
270
3,409
930
10,507

These are cumulative percentages showing total number of smokers who said they
intended to give up smoking within the stated period.
+
23
3.10
Table
When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether they
have tried to give up smoking in the last five years, 2008/09
All smokers
When smokers intend
to give up smoking
Attempted
to give up in
last 5 years
Not attempted
to give up in
last 5 years
Total

%
19
50
69
%
5
18
29
%
12
35
50
In more than a year
17
26
21

85
15
55
45
71
29
490
5,572
440
4,935
930
10,507
Unweighted base
+
These are cumulative percentages showing total number of smokers who said they
intended to give up smoking within the stated period.
3.11
Table
When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether have
tried to give up smoking in the last year, 2008/09
Smokers who have tried to give up smoking in the last 5 years
When smokers intend
Attempted
Not attempted
to give up smoking
to give up in
to give up in
last year
last year
Total

%
32
69
84
%
6
31
54
%
19
50
69
In more than a year
11
22
17

95
5
77
23
86
14
230
2,706
270
2,866
490
5,572
Unweighted base
+
These are cumulative percentages showing total number of smokers who

said they intended to give up smoking within the stated period.
24
3.12 Likelihood of smoking a year from now: by smoking status,
Table
1999-2008/09
Current smokers
Definitely will be smoking
Probably will be smoking
Might or might not be smoking
Probably will not be smoking
Definitely will not be smoking
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Ex-regular smokers
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Never smoked regularly
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 **
2008/09 **
%
19
29
23
18
11
%
20
32
26
16
5
%
18
27
29
17
9
%
21
29
26
17
7
%
20
26
29
20
6
%
16
24
28
20
11
%
15
27
31
21
7
%
18
28
28
17
10
%
17
22
33
21
7
%
16
23
34
21
7
%
20
26
23
22
10
518
10,368
940
10,559
2
1
1
6
90
1
1
1
5
92
629
11,769
1510
15,073
1
0
1
2
97
0
0
0
1
98
1128
23,992
1860
21,726
4
6
8
7
75
5
6
6
7
76
2275
46,129
4310
47,358
942
865
842
934
844
803
565
567
495
2
2
1
6
88
2
1
2
6
89
2
1
3
4
90
1
1
2
4
92
2
1
2
6
89
1
1
1
5
92
2
0
1
6
91
1
1
1
5
92
2
1
1
6
91
977
921
887
998
879
960
609
633
615
1
0
0
2
96
1
0
0
2
96
1
1
0
3
96
1
0
0
2
97
1
0
0
1
97
1
1
0
1
97
1
1
0
1
97
1
1
0
1
96
1
0
0
1
97
1629
1535
1761
1878
1790
1775
1221
1140
1162
6
8
7
7
71
6
9
8
7
70
5
7
8
7
73
6
7
7
6
74
6
7
8
7
73
4
6
7
7
76
4
7
7
7
74
5
7
7
6
74
5
5
8
7
76
3810
3513
3538
2395
2340
2272
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3548
3321
3490
25
3.13
Table
Likelihood of smokers still smoking a year from now: by
whether intend to give up smoking, 2008/09
All smokers
Likelihood of smoking
a year from now
Intend to give up smoking:

within the next
in more than
12 months
a year
Total
%
13
31
39
17
%
10
52
28
9
2
%
60
30
7
1
2
%
20
26
23
22
10
440
5,219
190
2,188
290
2,991
940
10,559

Unweighted base
Do not intend
to give up
3.14 Likelihood of smokers still smoking a year from now: 1999-
Table
2008/09
Smokers who intend to give up smoking within the next year

Likelihood of smoking
1999
2000
a year from now

Unweighted base
Weighted base *
%
3
19
33
30
15
478
%
2
16
40
31
10
412
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 **
2008/09 **
%
0
13
39
32
16
%
1
17
35
33
15
%
1
11
42
36
10
%
0
10
37
34
18
%
0
11
43
34
12
%
1
17
38
28
16
%
0
13
42
35
10
%
1
13
42
34
10
%
13
31
39
17
292
5,862
440
5,219
433
463
443
438
303
313
276

26
3.15
Table
When smokers intend to give up smoking: by whether they
want to give up smoking, 1999-2008/09
All smokers
When smokers intend
to give up smoking
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
Those who would like to give up:

17
46
70
16
42
67
13
44
70
14
44
68
16
47
73
18
53
72
17
46
73
16
49
75
16
49
74
16
48
74
18
50
72
In more than a year
19
25
23
23
21
22
23
20
19
20
22

89
11
92
8
92
8
91
9
94
6
94
6
96
4
95
5
93
7
94
6
95
5
374
7,504
610
7,044
0
4
10
1
2
4
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Those who would not like to give up:
669
606
596
649
583
579
408
399
355
0
3
5
1
4
0
2
8
1
3
8
2
8
0
4
9
1
4
1
5
10
1
4
9
2007 ** 2008/09 **
In more than a year
17
15
21
14
14
13
20
24
16
18
18

22
78
19
81
30
70
23
77
22
78
22
78
23
77
34
66
25
75
28
72
22
78
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
134
2,624
310
3,404
259
249
231
276
251
213
154
161
128
All
12
34
52
11
29
48
9
32
52
10
32
51
11
33
53
13
40
55
12
33
53
11
36
56
12
36
56
12
36
57
12
35
50
In more than a year
18
22
23
20
19
19
22
21
19
20
21

70
30
70
30
75
25
71
29
72
28
75
25
76
24
77
23
76
24
77
23
71
29
513
10,276
930
10,507
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
928
855
827
925
834
797
562
560
+
483
27
3.16
Table
Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking:
1999-2008/09
All smokers
Whether smokers want
or intend to stop
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
%
33
%
30
%
32
%
31
%
33
%
39
%
33
%
35
%
36
%
36
%
34
31
36
35
33
33
30
36
33
33
34
30
10
22
24
20
23
24
21
21
19
20
19
25
508
10,128
920
10,448
Want to give up and intend

to in next 6 months
to in more than 6 months
Want to give up but do
not intend to
Do not want to give up but
intend to
Do not want to give up
and do not intend to
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
927
855
827
926
834
792
563
559
2007 ** 2008/09 **
483

3.17 Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by
Table
sex, 2008/09
All smokers

or intend to stop
to in next 6 months
not intend to
intend to
Unweighted base
Sex
Men Women
Total
33
35
34
31
29
30
26
24
25
460
5,780
470
4,669
920
10,448
28
3.18
Table
Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by
number of cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09
All smokers
or intend to stop

20 or
10-19
more
%
%

to in next 6 months
not intend to
intend to
Unweighted base
Total
Fewer
than 10
%
25
31
45
34
30
32
26
30
34
23
20
25
280
3,053
360
3,945
270
3,394
920
10,448
3.19
Table
Whether smokers want to and intend to give up smoking: by
socio-economic classification and by presence of children in the household,
2008/09
All smokers
or intend to stop

to in next 6 months
not intend to
intend to
Managerial and
Intermediate Routine and
professional
occupations
manual
occupations
occupations
%
%
%
Total
Children under 16
in household
No children
in household
40
30
34
39
31
34
31
31
28
35
27
30
19
27
27
16
30
25
Unweighted base
210
170
450
270
650
920
2,389
1,903
4,907
3,448
7,001
10,448
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose occupation was not stated or
inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.
29
4: Attempts to give up smoking


Previous attempts to give up smoking
Current smokers
Three-quarters (75 per cent) of current smokers had tried to give up
smoking in the past, a figure similar to that found in previous years.
The percentage of smokers who had ever tried to give up smoking did not
vary significantly by sex, socio-economic class, presence of children in the
household or daily cigarette consumption.
Tables 4.1 - 4.3
Smokers were also asked if they had made a serious attempt to stop
smoking in the past five years and 53 per cent said they had. This was
significantly lower than that found in 2007 (60 per cent) but a similar
percentage to that found in years previous to that. There was no
statistically significant difference between men and women. People who
smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes per day were more likely than those who
smoked 20 or more a day to have made a serious attempt to give up in the
past five years (61 per cent and 46 per cent had done so respectively).
Tables 4.4 - 4.5
About a quarter (26 per cent) of all smokers had tried to give up in the past
year and there was no difference between men and women. The
proportion of smokers who had tried to give up in the past year has
remained fairly similar since 1999 when the question was first asked.
Smokers who had tried to give up smoking in the past year were asked how
many attempts they had made. Table 4.7 shows that some smokers made
repeated attempts to give up 21 per cent had made three or more
attempts in the past year. The percentage of smokers who had made only
one attempt to quit has not changed significantly since 2000.
Tables 4.6 - 4.7
Current smokers who had ever tried to give up were asked how long they
had given up for on the last occasion. Table 4.8 shows that although
almost three in ten (29 per cent) of smokers had successfully given up
previously for six months or more, only 8 per cent of smokers had stopped
smoking for more than two years.
A fifth (22 per cent) of smokers had given up for a week and a further 49
per cent had given up for more than a week, but for less than six months.
These figures were very similar to those found in previous years.
Table 4.8
There was no significant difference between male and female smokers or
between those who smoked different amounts per day in the proportions
who had stopped smoking in the past for more than six months.
Tables 4.9 - 4.10
30

Smokers who had stopped smoking for more than a day in the last 12
months were asked why they had started to smoke again. Nearly two fifths
(38 per cent) said they had started again because they found life too
stressful, 20 per cent mentioned that they liked smoking, and 18 per cent
said they started again because their friends smoked. Twelve per cent said
that they missed the habit or that they could not cope with their cravings.
Fourteen per cent gave more than one reason. Compared with previous
years, in 2007 and 2008, smokers were more likely to say that they started
again because they liked smoking.
Table 4.11
Likewise, smokers who wanted to give up smoking were asked why they
had never tried to stop or why they had not succeeded in stopping for
more than one day. The reasons they gave were similar to those given by
smokers who had stopped for more than one day: 32 per cent said that
they had a lack of commitment to quitting and 29 per cent said they found
life too stressful. A further 16 per cent said that they liked smoking and 15
per cent could not cope with the cravings. Twenty-four per cent of
respondents gave more than one reason for not trying to stop or not
succeeding in stopping for more than a day.
Table 4.12
As a measure of support in giving up smoking, all smokers were asked if
anyone had been trying to get them to quit smoking in the last year, and if
so, who. Forty nine per cent said someone had been trying to get them to
stop smoking, and this tended to be a partner (20 per cent), son or
daughter (16 per cent) or a parent (12 per cent). There were no statistically
significant differences compared with previous years.
Men were more likely than women to say that their partner or spouse was
encouraging them to quit (25 per cent and 15 per cent respectively). People
who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day were no more likely than those
who smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day to say that people had been
trying to get them to quit smoking.
Figure 4.1 and Tables 4.13 - 4.15
31

Figure
4.1 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by sex, 2008/09
30
Percentage
25
20
Men
Women
15
10
0
Partner/spouse
Children
Parents
Friend
Sibling
Workmate
Other
Ex-cigarette smokers
The results in this section only cover November 2008 and February and
March 2009. Respondents who said they used to smoke regularly but no
longer did so were asked how long ago they had stopped smoking
cigarettes. Nearly three-quarters (77 per cent) had stopped smoking five or
more years ago, a similar percentage to previous years. There were no
statistically significant differences between men and women or among
people with different cigarette consumption levels.
Tables 4.16 - 4.18
To examine factors related to someone successfully giving up smoking, all
surveys in this series have asked ex-smokers about their reasons for giving
up smoking.
Sixty one per cent of ex-smokers mentioned at least one health reason for
giving up smoking and a sixth (16 per cent) gave a financial reason. A
further 16 per cent of ex-smokers mentioned family pressure as a reason
for giving up smoking, which is in line with previous years with the
exception of 2005. There were no differences between men and women or
those in different age groups. Those who had smoked more than 20
cigarettes a day were more likely than other smokers to mention health
reason or doctors advice as a reason for giving up smoking.
Ex-smokers who had given up smoking 20 or more years ago were less
likely to give at least one health-related reason than were smokers who
had given up less than 20 years ago.
32

Tables 4.19 - 4.22
Help giving up smoking

Seeking advice and help for quitting smoking
Since 1999, the NS Opinions Survey has included questions about the
sources of help and advice sought in the past year by smokers wanting to
give up. From 2000, the questions covering Nicotine Replacement
Therapy (NRT) (gums, patches or inhalators) were amended to allow
people to distinguish between prescription and non-prescription NRT and
whether they paid for it.
Table 4.23 shows the sources of help and advice used by current smokers
(that is those that have failed to give up smoking or who have not tried).
Overall, in 2008/09, 43 per cent of smokers had sought some kind of help
or advice for stopping smoking. A third of smokers said they had read
leaflets and/or booklets on how to stop smoking. A smaller percentage had
asked a doctor or health professional for help (15 per cent), been referred
or self-referred to a stop smoking group (8 per cent) or called a smokers
helpline (4 per cent).
Twenty three per cent had used NRT, Zyban or another drug, to help them
stop smoking, a lower proportion to that found in 2006 and 2007 but
similar to that in previous years. Most of this change was due to free
prescription and bought non-prescription NRT. It should be noted that
smokers could obtain NRT and other stop-smoking drugs through more
than one method.
Female smokers were more likely than male smokers to have read leaflets
or booklets on how to stop (37 per cent of women and 29 per cent of men
had done so). Smokers in managerial and professional occupations were
more likely than smokers in intermediate occupations to have used NRT.
The only statistically significant differences between people who smoked
different amounts of cigarettes in the sources of help and advice used, was
being referred to a stop smoking group. Twelve per cent of those who
smoked 20 or more a day had done so compared with 4 per cent of those
who smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day.
Tables 4.23 - 4.25
Advice from health professionals

Smokers were also asked whether they had been given advice on smoking
by members of the medical profession in the five years before the
interview. From 2003, smokers were asked specifically about receiving
advice from consultants or hospital doctors.
In 2008/09, 55 per cent of all current smokers said that they had been
given advice in the last five years. The percentage of smokers who reported
they had been given advice, had not increased statistically significantly
since 2005. The most common source of advice was the persons own GP
(43 per cent) and just under a quarter (23 per cent) said they had been
given advice from someone else at the surgery. Thirteen per cent had been
33

given advice by a consultant or hospital doctor and only seven per cent had
been given advice from a pharmacist. Eight per cent mentioned that they
had received advice on smoking from a variety of other medical personnel
(specialists, midwives, nurses).
Female smokers were more likely than male smokers to have been given
advice by medical professionals (62 per cent of women smokers had been
given advice compared with 49 per cent of men smokers).
4.2 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by sex,
Figure
2008/09
60
Percentage
50
40
Men
Women
30
20
10
0
GP
Someone else at the

surgery
Pharmacist
Consultant/hospital
doctor
Other health professional
People who smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day were less likely than
those who smoked 20 or more to say that they had been given advice on
smoking by their GP. There were no statistically significant differences in
the percentage of smokers in different socio-economic groups who had
been given advice on smoking.
Tables 4.26 - 4.29
In the majority of cases (76 per cent) the advice was in the form of a
discussion about smoking (this may have been with or without literature),
with 24 per cent of smokers being given printed literature only. The
percentage of smokers who had been given literature only increased from
15 per cent in 1996 to 24 per cent in 2008/09. Overall, three-fifths (62 per
cent) said that they had found the advice helpful, with men and women
smokers equally likely to find the advice they had received helpful.
Table 4.30
34

Overall, 37 per cent of those who had stopped smoking in the past five
years said they had received advice in the past five years. Compared with
current smokers, ex-smokers who had been given advice on smoking in the
five years before the interview were more likely to say that the advice was
helpful (78 per cent, table not shown, compared with 62 per cent of
current smokers). However, this result should be interpreted with caution
because it may be related to the fact that the person had successfully given
up smoking.
Table 4.31
35

Table
All smokers
Ever tried to give
up smoking
1999
2000
4.1 Ever tried to give up smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 * 2007 ** 2008/09 **
Percentage who had ever tried to give up smoking

Men
76
78
77
78
79
Women
78
78
81
80
76
All
77
78
79
79
78
1999-2006 percentages weighted for unequal chance of selection
72
76
74
78
82
80
77
79
78
79
81
80
79
79
79
2008/09
2008/09
Unweighted
base
Weighted
base (000s) **
460
480
950
5,882
4,831
10,713
73
76
75
4.2
Table
Ever tried to give up smoking: by socio-economic classification
and by presence of children in the household, 2008/09
All smokers
Attempts at giving
Intermediate Routine and
Children
No children
under 16
in household
manual
in household
Managerial and
up smoking
professional
occupations
occupations
occupations
%
81
19
Has ever tried to give up

Has not ever tried to give up
Unweighted base
Total1
%
77
23
%
74
26
%
74
26
%
75
25
%
75
25
220
180
460
280
670
950
2,454
1,952
5,032
3,514
7,199
10,713

4.3
Table
Ever tried to give up smoking: by number of cigarettes smoked
per day, 2008/09
All smokers
Attempts at giving
up smoking

20 or
10-19
more
Total
Fewer
than 10
Has ever tried to give up
75
74
76
75
Has not ever tried to give up
25
26
24
25
Unweighted base
290
370
280
950
3,094
4,071
3,458
10,713
36

4.4 Attempts to give up smoking in last five years: by sex, 1999-
Table
2008/09
All smokers
Made a serious
attempt in past 5 years
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 * 2007 **
Percentage who have made a serious attempt to stop smoking in past 5 years
57
48
50
51
49
50
48
54
56
57
62
55
49
57
54
50
56
60
54
60
52
50
53
52
50
55
58
Men
Women
All
2008/09 **
58
62
60
2008/09
2008/09
Unweighted
Weighted
base (000s) **
5,882
4,831
10,713
base
460
480
950
50
57
53
4.5
Table
Attempts to give up smoking in past five years: by number of
All smokers
20 or more
10-19
Fewer
than 10
Made a serious
attempt in past 5 years
46
54
52
48
61
39
53
47
290
3,094
370
4,071
280
3,458
950
10,713
Has tried to give up in past 5 years

Has not tried to give up in past 5 years
Unweighted base
Table
All smokers
Tried to give up smoking
in last year
1999
Total
4.6 Attempts to give up smoking in the last year: 1999-2008/09

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 * 2007 ** 2008/09 **
Percentage who have tried to stop smoking in last year

Men
Women
All
23
28
26
24
20
22
21
27
24
20
26
23
22
24
23
24
27
25
24
29
27
27
31
29
30
32
31
30
32
31
25
27
26
2008/09
2008/09
Unweighted
Weighted
base (000s) **
5,882
4,828
10,710
base
460
480
950
37

4.7 Number of attempts to give up smoking in the last year: 1999-
Table
2008/09
Smokers who have tried to give up in past year
Number of attempts at giving
1999
up smoking
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
%
44
28
28
%
58
18
24
%
58
20
22
%
60
25
15
%
61
22
17
%
60
23
17
%
58
20
22
%
55
26
19
%
58
22
19
One
Two
Three or more
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
244
193
203
218
198
205
153
167
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
59
22
18
%
55
24
21
165
3,149
230
2,769
151

4.8 Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: 1999-
Table
2008/09
Smokers who had tried to give up
Length of time gave up
smoking
A week
2 weeks
3-4 weeks
5-9 weeks
10 - 25 weeks
6-12 months
More than 1 year, but less than 2
2 years or more
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
1999
2000
%
23
10
11
10
13
16
8 33
9
%
23
10
11
11
14
17
5 30
8
2001
%
20
9
13
12
14
18
5 32
9
2002
%
24
10
11
10
12
19
6 35
10
2003
2004
%
22
8
11
12
14
16
8 32
8
2005
%
19
10
14
10
13
19
4 33
10
%
23
9
14
11
14
18
4 29
7
2006
%
20
13
10
12
15
17
6 30
8
2007 *
%
18
10
12
13
19
17
4 28
7
2007 **
%
19
10
13
12
17
17
4 28
7
419
8,188
723
667
666
743
661
598
454
445
2008/09 **
%
22
9
13
12
15
16
6 29
8
720
7,962
398

4.9
Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: by

Table
sex, 2008/09
smoking
Less than 6 months

6 months or more
Unweighted base
Sex
Total
Men
Women
%
73
27
%
68
32
%
71
29
350
4,292
370
3,670
720
7,962
38

4.10
Table
Length of time gave up for the last time stopped smoking: by
number of cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09

smoking
20 or more
10-19
Total
Fewer
than 10
Less than 6 months
70
70
71
71
6 months or more
30
30
29
29
Unweighted base
220
280
210
720
2,307
2,972
2,620
7,962
Table
4.11 Main reasons for starting smoking again: 2002-2008/09
Smokers who gave up for at least one day in past year

Reasons for starting smoking again
2002
Life too stressful/just not a good time

Missed the habit/something to do with my hands
I like smoking
My friends smoke
Couldn't cope with the cravings
Put on weight
My spouse/partner smokes
Was drinking/ in pub*
Reason for quitting no longer applied+
Other
34
17
16
14
12
3
4
..
..
20
16
2003
2004
2005
2007 *
Percentage giving reason for starting smoking again

38
34
34
42
17
16
13
14
15
15
15
12
11
14
14
19
14
9
13
12
3
3
2
3
5
5
4
4
..
..
4
3
..
..
4
2
18
23
14
10
14
16
14
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
433
421
420
292
Percentages sum to more than 100 as respondents could give more than one answer.
+
These categories were created in '2005' and '2006' when reassigning 'Other ' responses, and were not
in the original list which interviewers used to code responses.
2006
19
280
2007 ** 2008/09 **
36
14
23
15
12
6
4
1
0
14
34
14
24
17
11
5
4
1
0
14
38
12
20
18
12
3
6
1
4
9
18
17
14
293
6,175
430
5,213
284
39

Table
4.12 Main reasons for not trying to give up smoking: 2002-2008/09
Smokers who want to give up but who have not succeeded for more than one day
Reasons for not trying to stop smoking
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *

Lack of commitment to quitting
I like smoking
Would miss the habit/something to do with my hands
My friends smoke
Worried about putting on weight
Other
%
29
29
15
15
13
6
5
5
16
%
36
27
18
15
11
7
3
3
10
%
26
31
23
8
9
6
5
5
12
%
35
31
21
18
10
4
7
6
6
%
33
34
15
13
10
6
9
3
9
%
33
33
24
10
9
7
4
7
8
%
34
33
24
10
9
6
4
6
8
%
29
32
16
15
14
14
5
10
8
21
21
18
28
26
21
19
24
140
2,736
270
2,995
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
300
251
239
Table
All smokers
People who tried to get them
to quit smoking in last year?
162
178
2007 ** 2008/09 **
136
4.13 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: 1999-2008/09

1999
2000
2001
2002
Partner/spouse
Children
Parents
Friend
Sibling
Workmate
Other
22
18
15
10
5
3
6
21
19
12
9
3
2
5
20
15
12
8
3
2
4
19
15
12
6
2
2
5
Someone
No one
55
45
52
48
49
51
48
52
2003
2005
2006
2007 *
Percentage mentioning:
19
24
24
15
17
22
12
11
14
7
8
10
1
3
2
2
2
2
6
6
7
16
17
12
9
4
1
6
22
18
14
8
4
3
10
22
17
16
8
3
3
9
20
16
12
5
2
2
6
49
51
57
43
55
45
49
51
520
10,405
950
10,706
48
52
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
950
871
845
946
851
Percentages sum to more than the total saying someone encouraged
them to quit smoking as respondents could give more than one answer.
2004
53
47
811
57
43
570
573
2007 ** 2008/09 **
497
40

Table
4.14 People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by sex, 2008/09
All smokers
Sex
Men
Partner/spouse
Children
Parents
Friend
Sibling
Workmate
Other
25
15
14
18
12
12
5
5
1
3
1
3
5
8
Someone
No one
Unweighted base
Total
Women
20
16
12
5
2
2
6
50
50
48
52
49
51
460
5,882
480
4,825
950
10,706

4.15
Table
People who have tried to get smokers to quit: by number of
All smokers

20 or more
10-19
Total
Fewer
than 10
Partner/spouse
24
21
17
Children
19
15
14
20
16
Parents
14
14
12
Friend
Sibling
Workmate
Other
Someone
52
49
48
49
No one
48
51
52
51
Unweighted base
290
370
280
950
3,094
4,065
3,458
10,706

41

Table
Ex-smokers
Length of time
since stopped smoking
Men
Less than a year
1-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25 years or more
1999 2000 2001

%
4
12
14
14
12
12
31
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Women
Less than a year
1-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25 years or more
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
Less than a year
1-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25 years or more
4.16 Length of time since stopped smoking: by sex, 1999-2008/09
%
7
14
13
11
10
15
31
%
4
13
11
12
11
16
33
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 *

%
6
14
10
14
12
14
32
%
6
10
11
11
10
15
38
%
8
13
15
11
9
11
33
%
5
16
12
7
12
10
38
%
9
10
11
10
14
12
34
%
10
10
15
11
8
8
37
557
533
487
528
470
490
319
327
317
9
13
15
15
13
14
22
6
14
11
15
12
14
28
7
20
15
13
9
14
22
10
19
11
11
9
11
28
8
16
15
15
9
14
23
10
16
16
12
11
12
24
13
19
13
8
9
11
27
10
13
14
13
10
9
30
9
19
18
7
8
9
29
419
390
400
472
405
471
289
305
296
6
13
14
14
12
13
27
6
14
12
13
11
14
30
6
16
13
13
10
15
28
8
16
10
12
10
13
30
7
12
13
13
10
14
31
9
14
15
11
10
12
29
9
17
12
8
11
10
33
9
12
12
11
12
11
32
10
15
17
9
8
9
33
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
976 923 887 1000 875 961 608
+
2008/09 covers November 2008 and February and March 2009
632
+
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
11
13
16
11
8
8
33
%
7
17
11
10
7
11
36
318
6,174
560
7,901
9
21
18
7
8
8
28
8
14
14
11
10
10
33
310
5,567
560
7,134
10
16
17
9
8
8
31
8
15
13
11
8
10
35
628
11,741
1120
15,035
613
42

Table
4.17 Length of time since stopped smoking: by age, 2008/09
Ex-smokers
Length of time
Less than a year

1-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25 years or more
Age
16-24 25-44 45-64 65 and
over
%
33
51
16
-
%
13
25
22
18
10
7
5
%
4
10
11
10
10
13
42
%
2
6
6
6
6
12
62
Total
%
8
15
13
11
8
10
35
Unweighted base
40
270
390
430
1120
829 4,413 5,327
4,466 15,035
+
November 2008 and February and March 2009
Shaded figures indicate the estimates are unreliable and any analysis using
these figures may be invalid.
Any use of these shaded figures must be accompanied by this disclaimer.
4.18
Table
Length of time since stopped smoking: by number of
Ex-smokers
Length of time
Number of cigarettes per day when smoked

20 or
10-19
Fewer
more
than 10
Total
%
7
17
13
12
10
9
33
%
11
20
13
11
7
13
27
%
7
11
13
10
9
10
40
%
8
15
13
11
8
10
35
Unweighted base
370
4,694
+
320
4,310
420
5,920
1120
15,035
Less than a year

1-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25 years or more
43

Table
4.19 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: 1996-2008/09
Ex-smokers
Reasons for having stopped
1996
1997
1999

Less risk of getting smoking related illness
Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
48
12
15
64
24
13
8
5
6
..
12
50
15
14
65
22
14
10
6
8
..
17
53
18
13
67
25
12
8
7
6
..
14
32
42
41
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Percentage giving reason for having stopped smoking

55
50
53
52
53
62
18
15
14
13
15
18
13
12
15
12
13
12
67
64
68
66
68
71
24
20
19
22
18
21
15
11
14
12
13
20
9
8
8
7
8
9
6
8
5
4
6
10
6
5
7
7
8
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
17
19
11
14
10
9
44
36
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
944
1018
975
919
884
36
999
33
876
34
960
45
609
2006
+
2007 * 2007 ** 2008/09 **
54
13
11
65
16
15
10
6
10
..
10
58
18
14
69
18
13
8
5
8
1
5
59
19
13
69
17
13
8
5
8
1
5
50
15
11
61
16
16
10
4
6
2
20
34
36
36
34
629
11,199
1140
15,106
635
587

.. code added in 2007
+
4.20 Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by sex and by age,
Table
2008/09
Ex-smokers
Sex
Men
Women
16-24
Age
25-44
Total +
45-64
65 and over

49
[16]
58
49
14
[6]
20
16
11
[1]
4
13
59
[18]
66
61
14
[5]
13
16
15
[4]
16
18
9
[2]
17
9
2
[0]
1
2
11
[5]
10
3
1
[3]
1
1
20
[11]
20
19
46
8
16
59
18
14
5
9
3
2
18
50
15
11
61
16
16
10
4
6
2
20

Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
52
16
11
63
17
17
10
5
0
3
19
34
34
[13]
41
34
28
34
Unweighted base
570
8,005
570
7,101
40
897
270
4,413
390
5,329
430
4,467
1140
15,106
44

4.21
Table
Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by number of
Ex-smokers
Number of cigarettes per day when smoked

20 or more
10-19
Fewer
Total +
than 10

Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other

53
57
44
17
17
12
18
9
7
72
66
51
21
16
12
17
21
11
15
12
4
8
1
2
4
7
6
4
1
1
8
11
34
44
50
15
11
61
16
16
10
4
6
2
20
37
24
34
Unweighted base
370
330
4,694
4,316
+
430
5,956
1140
15,106
4.22
Table
Main reasons for having stopped smoking: by length of time
since stopped, 2008/09
Ex-smokers

Financial reasons
Family pressure
Harms children
Doctor's advice
Pregnancy
Other
Length of time since stopped

Less than
5-19
5 years
years
Total
20 years
or more

58
51
46
21
17
11
10
14
9
70
67
56
17
13
17
20
15
14
13
13
6
2
4
4
8
6
4
7
1
13
20
23
47
38
Unweighted base
220
340
3,460
4,802
+
50
15
11
61
16
16
10
4
6
2
20
25
34
560
6,741
1140
15,106
45

4.23 Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by sex, 1999-
Table
2008/09
All smokers
Source of help or advice
1999
2000
2001
34
4
2
2
26
5
2
2
23
7
2
2
..
..
..
..
..
10
0
1
1
8
0
0
1
2
8
2
3
2
Had any NRT/other prescribed drugs to help stop smoking
12
12
11
Sought any help or advice

Did not seek help or advice
40
60
32
68
447
Men
Read leaflets/booklets on how to stop
Asked doctor or other health prof for help
Called a smokers' telephone helpline
Been referred/self-referred to stop smoking group
Bought non-prescription NRT +
Free non-prescription NRT +
Paid for prescription NRT +
Free prescription NRT +
Prescribed other 'stop smoking' drugs
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Women
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Percentage who had:

25
25
10
9
4
4
4
3
32
12
4
6
27
11
4
4
32
13
3
9
38
18
5
9
38
16
5
8
29
13
3
7
8
2
4
0
9
1
2
5
1
9
4
3
1
13
1
3
8
1
16
4
3
10
2
17
4
2
9
2
11
2
3
6
2
14
14
16
16
26
32
32
20
32
68
33
67
34
66
41
59
39
61
49
51
51
49
51
49
40
60
254
460
416
397
456
425
378
274
281
256
5,632
5,882
40
6
4
1
35
10
3
2
37
12
6
4
30
11
3
4
32
13
5
7
38
17
6
8
39
19
7
10
40
21
7
11
46
18
5
12
44
17
5
11
37
17
5
9
..
..
..
..
..
10
0
1
1
1
11
0
1
3
2
8
0
1
4
0
10
1
4
7
2
12
0
4
7
1
12
1
5
6
1
10
2
5
13
1
16
5
5
10
2
15
4
4
10
1
11
4
3
7
2
22
13
16
14
22
23
22
30
32
31
26

48
52
41
59
44
56
39
61
44
56
47
53
53
47
52
48
56
44
55
45
47
55
266
4,773
480
4,825
503
456
448
488
426
433
297
291
241
38
5
3
1
31
7
3
2
30
10
4
3
28
10
3
4
29
11
4
5
35
15
5
7
33
15
6
8
36
17
5
10
41
18
5
10
41
16
5
9
33
15
4
8
..
..
..
..
..
10
0
1
0
1
10
0
0
2
2
8
0
2
4
1
9
0
3
5
1
10
1
3
6
1
11
1
4
5
1
12
2
4
11
1
16
4
4
10
2
16
4
3
10
2
11
3
3
6
2
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
All
17
12
13
14
18
19
19
28
32
32
23

44
56
37
63
38
62
36
64
39
61
44
56
46
54
51
49
54
46
53
47
43
57
520
10,405
950
10,706
811
571
572
497
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
950
872
846
944
851
+
Question changed between 1999 and 2000.
Percentages sum to more than the total saying they sought help or advice as respondents could give more than one answer.
46

4.24
Table
Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by socioeconomic classification, 2008/09
All smokers

Total
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
Routine and
manual
occupations
Percentage who had:

33
32
18
14
4
4
9
8
33
15
4
9
33
15
4
8
Bought non-prescription NRT

Free non-prescription NRT
Paid for prescription NRT
Free prescription NRT
15
2
4
7
1
12
2
2
5
3
10
3
4
6
2
11
3
3
6
2
27
19
24
23
Sought help or advice

45
55
41
59
45
55
44
56
220
2,454
180
1,952
460
5,032
950
10,706
Unweighted base

Percentages sum to more than the total saying they sought help or advice as people could give more than one answer.
4.25
Table
Sources of help and advice used in the last year: by number of
All smokers

20 or
10-19
Fewer
more
than 10

33
18
6
12
Bought non-prescription NRT

Free non-prescription NRT
Paid for prescription NRT
Free prescription NRT
9
5
3
10
3

Sought help or advice
Percentage who had:

30
15
4
8
Total
34
13
2
4
33
15
4
8
10
3
5
6
2
14
1
2
5
2
11
3
3
6
2
24
23
22
23
46
54
42
58
42
58
43
57
Unweighted base
290
370
280
950
3,094
4,065
3,458
10,706
Percentages sum to more than the total saying they sought help or advice as people could give more than one answer.
47

4.26 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: 1996-
Table
2008/09
All smokers
Source of advice
1996
1997
1999
GP
Someone else at the surgery
Pharmacist
Consultant/hospital doctor +
38
13
2
..
11
34
11
2
..
10
37
13
3
..
12
Any of the above
46
43
45
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
Received advice from:

35
32
35
12
15
14
4
5
2
..
..
..
9
9
8
36
17
5
12
6
37
19
6
11
4
41
23
6
12
8
42
22
8
11
10
46
25
8
15
12
44
24
8
14
12
43
23
7
13
8
46
44
52
54
57
54
55
520
10,405
950
10,713
44
2001
42
42
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
1047
985
950
871
844
941
850
811
Percentages sum to more than the 'Any of the above' total as people could give more than one answer.
+
extra category added in 2003
569
2006 2007 *
572
2007 ** 2008/09 **
497
4.27 Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by sex,
Table
2008/09
All smokers
Source of advice
Men
GP
Pharmacist
Consultant/hospital doctor

39
49
20
27
5
9
10
16
7
9
Any of the above

Unweighted base
Women
Total
43
23
7
13
8
49
62
55
460
5,882
480
4,831
950
10,713

Percentages sum to more than the 'Any of the above' total as people
could give more than one answer.
48

4.28
Table
Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by number
of cigarettes smoked per day, 2008/09
All smokers
Source of advice

20 or more
10-19
Total
Fewer
than 10

GP
Pharmacist
52
27
7
15
8
45
21
5
11
7
34
21
8
13
9
43
23
7
13
8
Any of the above
58
56
52
55
290
3,094
370
4,071
280
3,458
950
10,713
Unweighted base
Percentages sum to more than the 'Any of the above' total as people
could give more than one answer.
4.29
Table
Source of advice on smoking in the last five years: by socioeconomic classification, 2008/09
All smokers
Source of advice
GP
Pharmacist
Any of the above
Total
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
Routine and
manual
occupations

41
44
22
24
8
6
12
10
9
8
47
24
8
15
8
43
23
7
13
8
59
55
55
55
Unweighted base
220
180
460
950
2,454
1,952
5,032
10,713
Percentages sum to more than the 'Any of the above' total as people could give more than one answer.
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term
unemployed, and those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as
separate categories, but are included in the total.
49

4.30
Table
Type of advice given in the last five years, and whether it was
helpful or not: by sex, 1996- 2008/09
Current smokers given advice
Type of advice
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Men
Type of advice
Discussion and literature
Literature only
86
14
87
13
88
12
82
18
84
16
87
13
85
15
77
23
83
17
82
18
75
25
73
27
75
25
Whether helpful
Yes
No
%
56
44
%
52
48
%
52
48
%
45
55
%
58
42
%
54
46
%
55
45
%
59
41
%
62
38
%
60
40
%
59
41
%
57
43
%
59
41
125
2,707
240
2,885
252
175
180
166
142
168
185
151
126
131
129
Women
Type of advice
Literature only
83
17
85
15
82
18
87
13
86
14
86
14
81
19
82
18
80
20
80
20
80
20
78
22
77
23
Whether helpful
Yes
No
42
58
53
47
45
55
47
53
50
50
50
50
66
34
59
41
56
44
62
38
63
37
61
39
64
36
172
2,929
300
2,983
303
245
248
212
202
223
203
216
178
186
151
All
Type of advice
Literature only
85
15
86
14
85
15
85
15
85
15
86
14
83
17
80
20
82
18
81
19
78
22
76
24
76
24
Whether helpful
Yes
No
48
52
52
48
48
52
46
54
53
47
52
48
60
40
59
41
59
41
61
39
61
39
59
41
62
38
297
5,635
540
5,869
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
555
420
428
378
344
391
388
367
302
317
280
50

4.31
Table
Whether ex-smokers were given advice on smoking in the last
five years: 1999-2008/09
Ex-regular smokers who gave up smoking in the last five years

Whether given advice
1999
2000
when smoked
Been given advice
35
48
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
Percentage been given advice:

36
35
32
35
45
48
44
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
189
183
+
195
2002
238
169
221
159
135
+
2007 ** 2008/09 **
40
37
148
3,165
170
2,640
151
51
5: Awareness of health issues related to smoking

5: Awareness of health issues related to

smoking
Awareness of relative risk of smoking
In order to gain an insight into awareness of the risks of smoking,
respondents were asked which of a list of possible causes they thought was
responsible for most premature deaths (deaths before the age of 65) in the
UK. The question was asked at the beginning of the section on smoking, so
that answers would not be influenced by the questions on smoking
behaviour and attitudes that followed. Answers to this kind of question
should be interpreted with caution because the concept of cause of
premature death is complex and likely to mean different things to different
people.
The most frequently mentioned cause of most premature deaths was
smoking 44 per cent of people mentioned it in 2008/09, similar to 2006
and 2007 and in line with previous Opinions surveys.
The next most common answer was road accidents (31 per cent) followed
by alcohol misuse (12 per cent) and illicit drugs (6 per cent). Although it is
difficult to give an accurate estimate of the actual number of premature
deaths attributable to each of the causes covered, public perception of the
risks of death due to road accidents compared with those due to smoking
are clearly wrong. In the UK, fewer than 3,000 people under 69 die in road
accidents each year compared with an estimate of almost 33,000 deaths of
people under age 65 from smoking8.
Smokers were significantly less likely than ex-smokers to say that smoking
causes the most premature deaths: 39 per cent of those who smoked
mentioned smoking as the main cause of premature death compared with
48 per cent of those who had given up smoking.
Men were more likely than women to say that smoking causes the most
deaths under the age of 65 (48 per cent of men compared with 40 per cent
of women). The youngest age group (aged 16-24) and the oldest age group
(aged 65 and over) were the least likely to think that smoking was the main
cause of premature death (37 per cent and 39 per cent respectively
compared with 47 per cent of those aged 25-44 and 46 per cent of those
aged 45-64).
Tables 5.1 - 5.3
Awareness of the effect of second-hand smoking

To evaluate awareness of the effect of second-hand smoking, respondents
were asked whether or not they thought that living with a smoker
8 Peto, R., Lopez, A., Boreham, J., Thun, M. and Heath, C.J. (2004) Mortality from smoking in
developed countries full data available from http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/~tobacco/C4308.pdf
52

increased a childs risk of a range of medical conditions known, or thought,

to be caused or exacerbated by second-hand smoking. These conditions
included asthma, ear infections, cot death, chest infections, and other
infections. Respondents were then asked a similar set of questions about
whether or not second-hand smoking would increase a non-smoking
adults risk of asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, bronchitis, and coughs
and colds. One further health problem was included on both lists diabetes - the risk of which is not medically proven to be increased by
either active or second-hand smoking. At both questions, about a fifth said
they thought the risk of becoming diabetic would be increased by secondhand smoking.
Of all the health problems covered in the survey, people appeared to be the
most aware of the effect of living with a smoker on a child's risk of chest
infections and asthma (92 per cent and 86 per cent respectively). These
were also the two health problems for which the percentage who could not
answer was lowest - 1 per cent and 3 per cent respectively, indicating that
people were confident about their answers.
People appeared to be least aware of the effect of living with a smoker on a
child's risk of ear infections. Only a third (35 per cent) of people thought
that the risk of ear infections would be increased by living with a smoker
and a further 14 per cent were unable to say whether it would or not.
The percentages of people who thought that living with a smoker would
increase a childs risk of the specified medical conditions were similar to
the figures for previous years.
Ex-smokers and those who had never smoked regularly tended to be either
more aware of the risks of living with a smoker than current smokers, or
more prepared to acknowledge them. For example, of respondents who
had never smoked, 92 per cent said that they thought living with a smoker
increased a childs risk of asthma compared with only 66 per cent of those
who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day. Women were more aware than
men of the link between living with a smoker and cot death (64 per cent of
women and 51 per cent of men said they thought it increased the risk) and
ear infections (38 per cent and 32 per cent respectively).
People in the oldest age group tended to be less likely to think that living
with a smoker increased the risk of chest infections and other infections
compared with those aged 16-64.
People who were living in a household with children were more likely than
those with no children in the household to think that living with a smoker
increased the risk of cot death, ear infections or other infections. Those in
routine and manual occupations were less likely than those in managerial
and professional occupations to think that living with a smoker increased
the risk of any of the medical conditions (with the exception of diabetes).
Tables 5.4 - 5.7 and Figure 5.1
53

5.1
Figure
Views on whether or not living with a smoker increases a
childs risk of certain medical conditions: 2008/09
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Chest infection
Asthma
Other infections
Increase risk
Cot death
Does not increase risk
Ear infections
Diabetes
Can't say
Eighty per cent or more of respondents thought that a non-smoking adult's

risk of lung cancer, bronchitis and asthma would be increased by secondhand smoking. Slightly fewer said that second-hand smoking would
increase the risk of heart disease (76 per cent) and coughs and colds (69
per cent).
In 2008/09, the percentages who thought second-hand smoking would
increase a non-smoking adults risk of disease and infection, were similar
to those found in recent years.
As with knowledge about the effect of second-hand smoking on children,
people who had never smoked or who no longer did were more likely than
smokers to be aware of the effect of second-hand smoking on adults. Men
were more likely than women to say that second-hand smoke increased the
risk of heart disease, but there were no other statistically significant
differences.
There were some differences in knowledge by age. For example, those in
the oldest age group were less likely than those in the youngest age group
to be aware of the effect of second-hand smoking on the risk of lung cancer
and coughs and colds in adults.
Those in managerial and professional occupations were more likely than
those in routine and manual occupations to think that second-hand smoke
increases the risk of lung cancer, bronchitis and asthma. People who were
living in a household with children were more likely than those with no
54

children in the household to think that second-hand smoking increased

the risk of lung cancer and coughs and colds among non-smoking adults.
Tables 5.8 - 5.11 and Figure 5.2
5.2
Figure
Views on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a
non-smoking adults risk of certain medical conditions: 2008/09
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Increases risk
Heart disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Can't say
55

5.1
Table
What people think is the main cause of death before the age of
65 in the UK: 1996-2008/09
Main cause of death
before age 65
Smoking
Road accidents
Alcohol misuse
Illicit drugs
Accidents at work
AIDS
Murder/manslaughter
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
%
43
43
4
6
2
1
1
%
45
40
4
5
2
1
1
%
46
39
4
6
2
1
1
%
44
42
4
6
2
1
1
%
49
36
4
6
2
2
1
%
47
35
6
7
2
1
1
%
48
35
6
6
2
2
1
%
54
30
6
5
2
2
1
%
48
33
8
6
2
1
1
%
46
33
10
6
2
1
3
%
42
34
11
6
2
1
3
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3624
3648
3460
3305
3434
3751
3487
3492
2370
2311
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
42
35
12
6
2
1
3
%
44
31
12
6
2
1
4
2234
45,196
4270
46,980
2236
5.2
Table
65 in the UK: by smoking status, 2008/09
Main cause of death
before age 65
20 or more
per day
Smoking status
Fewer than
All
20 per day
current
Total
Ex-regular
smokers
smokers
regularly
%
36
30
14
13
1
1
4
%
40
31
15
7
2
1
5
%
39
30
15
9
2
1
5
%
48
26
12
6
3
1
3
%
43
34
11
5
2
1
4
%
44
31
12
6
2
1
4
280
3,023
640
7,441
930
10,453
1500
15,006
1840
21,521
4270
46,980
Smoking
Road accidents
Alcohol misuse
Illicit drugs
Accidents at work
AIDS
Murder/manslaughter
Unweighted base
Never
smoked
56

5.3
Table
65 in the UK: by age and sex, 2008/09
Main cause of
death before age 65
16-24
Men
Smoking
Road accidents
Alcohol misuse
Illicit drugs
Accidents at work
AIDS
Murder/manslaughter
%
43
30
8
7
4
1
7
%
50
24
15
5
2
1
2
%
49
27
14
4
2
1
2
%
45
28
10
8
3
2
3
%
48
27
13
6
3
1
3
140
3,475
600
8,145
670
7,272
490
4,067
1890
22,959
30
41
11
6
0
1
11
44
34
12
5
1
0
3
44
33
11
7
2
1
2
33
33
13
11
3
2
5
40
35
12
7
2
1
4
210
3,448
740
8,113
760
7,519
670
4,945
2380
24,025
37
35
9
7
2
1
9
47
29
14
5
2
0
3
46
30
12
5
2
1
2
39
31
12
10
3
2
4
44
31
12
6
2
1
4
Unweighted base
340
6,923
1340
16,258
1430
14,791
1160
9,012
4270
46,980
Unweighted base
Women
Smoking
Road accidents
Alcohol misuse
Illicit drugs
Accidents at work
AIDS
Murder/manslaughter
Unweighted base
All
Smoking
Road accidents
Alcohol misuse
Illicit drugs
Accidents at work
AIDS
Murder/manslaughter
Age
25-44
45-64
Total
65 and
over
57

5.4
Table
Views on whether or not living with a smoker increases a child's
risk of certain medical conditions: 1996-2008/09
Condition
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Chest infection
Increases risk
91
91
89
90
90
90
90
90
91
91
91
91
92
Can't say
Increases risk
84
85
83
84
82
83
84
85
86
86
85
85
86
11
10
12
12
12
12
12
11
10
11
12
12
11
Increases risk
66
66
63
64
62
62
63
67
64
69
66
66
66
23
22
28
28
29
30
30
26
27
25
26
25
28
Can't say
12
12
10
Increases risk
53
53
53
54
55
54
56
57
59
57
58
57
58
28
26
32
31
28
31
31
29
28
31
29
29
31
Can't say
19
21
16
15
16
15
13
14
14
12
13
14
12
Increases risk
29
36
32
31
28
30
32
34
35
36
35
34
35
27
36
48
48
50
49
51
47
46
46
48
48
51
Can't say
44
27
21
21
21
22
17
18
19
18
18
18
14
Increases risk
18
19
15
16
15
15
16
20
22
23
18
18
22
51
50
62
61
62
64
66
61
59
59
63
64
65
Can't say
32
32
23
23
23
21
18
20
19
18
18
18
13
Asthma
Can't say
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3696
3718
3547
3327
3493
3818
3517
3545
2403
2347
2275
4350
46,138
47,744
2273
58

5.5
Table
risk of certain medical conditions: by smoking status, 2008/09
Whether increases
risk
20 or more
per day
Smoking status
Fewer than
All
20 per day
current
Total
Ex-regular
smokers
smokers
regularly
Percentage saying living with a smoker increased the risk of the complaint
80
88
85
93
95
66
76
73
87
92
46
57
54
66
71
40
45
43
59
64
22
27
25
33
42
14
18
17
19
27
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
Chest infection
Asthma
Never
smoked
Percentage saying living with a smoker did not increase the risk of the complaint
18
10
13
6
4
27
19
21
10
6
92
86
66
58
35
22
6
11
Other infections
46
34
38
28
23
28
Cot death
44
42
43
29
26
31
Ear infections
67
60
62
51
46
51
Diabetes
74
72
72
66
60
65
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
Percentage who did not know whether living with a smoker increased the risk of the complaint or not
2
2
2
1
1
1
6
6
6
3
2
3
8
8
8
6
5
6
17
13
14
12
10
12
11
13
12
16
13
14
13
10
11
15
13
13
Unweighted base
290
3,094
650
7,476
950
10,660
1530
15,227
1880
21,857
4350
47,744
59

5.6
Table
risk of certain medical conditions: by sex and by age, 2008/09
Whether increases
risk
Sex
Men
Women
16-24
Age
25-44
45-64
Total
65 and
over
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
92
92
95
94
92
88
85
87
88
88
85
83
67
65
69
73
63
55
51
64
53
67
55
48
32
38
28
41
36
29
23
21
22
24
21
22
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
6
7
4
5
7
9
6
12
10
9
10
12
13
11
27
30
27
23
30
35
28
35
26
37
24
32
35
31
54
48
63
47
50
52
51
63
66
67
65
66
60
65
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
3
2
3
5
3
7
6
4
5
6
10
6
14
9
9
9
13
18
12
14
13
9
12
14
19
14
14
13
11
11
13
18
13
Unweighted base
1920
23,229
2440
24,519
350
7,007
1350
16,443
1450
14,996
1200
9,303
92
86
66
58
35
22
4350
47,744
60

5.7
Table
risk of certain medical conditions: by socio-economic classification and by
presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09
Whether increases
risk
Managerial and
Intermediate
Routine and
professional
occupations
manual
occupations
occupations
Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household
Total
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
94
93
90
93
90
85
83
87
70
67
60
70
64
56
52
70
40
36
30
40
21
21
21
21
91
86
64
53
34
22
92
86
66
58
35
22
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
6
6
8
6
7
8
10
14
11
11
25
26
33
27
29
26
30
35
25
33
46
49
55
49
52
66
63
66
68
63
6
11
28
31
51
65
Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Cot death
Ear infections
Diabetes
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
5
3
2
4
3
5
7
7
3
7
6
10
13
13
5
14
12
13
15
14
11
15
14
13
16
12
11
14
13
Unweighted base
1480
850
1630
1070
3290
4350
16,094
8,876
17,046
13,959
33,789 47,744
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose occupation was not
stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.
61

5.8
Table
Views on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a nonsmoking adult's risk of certain medical conditions: 1996-2008/09
Condition
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2007 ** 2008/09 **
Lung cancer
Increases risk
83
86
84
85
86
86
85
88
88
89
87
88
89
12
11
12
12
10
10
12
10
10
Can't say
Bronchitis
Increases risk
84
86
84
86
85
85
85
86
87
88
85
85
87
12
10
12
11
11
11
13
11
10
12
12
10
Can't say
Asthma
Increases risk
79
81
80
81
80
81
81
82
83
82
79
80
81
14
14
16
15
15
14
16
14
13
14
16
16
15
Increases risk
68
74
68
70
69
69
69
76
79
77
73
74
76
22
19
25
23
24
25
26
19
16
19
21
20
20
Can't say
10
Can't say
Heart disease
Coughs and colds

Increases risk
68
70
67
69
68
69
68
68
68
73
68
69
69
27
25
29
28
29
27
30
29
28
25
28
27
28
21
Can't say
Diabetes
Increases risk
17
20
16
16
14
15
17
21
22
24
19
19
50
48
61
60
62
61
65
58
56
57
61
62
64
Can't say
33
32
24
24
24
23
19
21
21
19
20
19
15
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3696
3716
3546
3328
3493
3820
3517
3546
2403
2347
2275
4350
46,138
47,744
2273
62

5.9
Table
Views on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a nonsmoking adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by smoking status,
2008/09
Whether increases
risk
20 or more
per day
Smoking status
Fewer than
All
20 per day
current
Total
Ex-regular
smokers
smokers
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Unweighted base
Never
smoked
regularly
Percentage saying second-hand smoking increased the risk of the complaint

72
79
77
89
94
69
78
75
90
92
52
69
64
84
88
59
68
65
77
80
53
60
58
70
75
14
16
16
19
26
Percentage saying second-hand smoking did not increase the risk of the complaint
25
17
19
9
4
25
17
19
8
7
41
26
30
13
9
37
27
30
19
16
44
36
38
27
23
75
70
71
64
60
89
87
82
76
69
21
9
10
15
20
28
64
Percentage who did not know whether second-hand smoking increased the risk of the complaint or not
3
4
4
2
1
2
5
5
5
2
2
3
8
5
6
3
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
2
3
11
14
13
16
14
15
290
650
950
1530
1880
4350
3,094
7,476
10,660
15,227
21,857
47,744
63

5.10
Table
non-smoking adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by sex and by age,
2008/09
Whether increases
risk
Sex
Men
Women
16-24
Age
25-44
Total
45-64
65 and
over
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes

90
88
93
93
86
82
87
88
85
89
87
87
81
82
84
84
80
79
79
73
76
80
74
73
70
69
73
73
67
65
23
20
21
22
20
23
89
87
82
76
69
21
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
9
10
6
6
11
14
10
10
12
9
10
10
16
15
14
14
16
17
17
22
22
17
21
21
27
28
25
25
30
30
62
66
69
65
64
58
9
10
15
20
28
64
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
2
2
0
1
3
4
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
2
3
4
4
3
3
5
2
3
5
6
4
3
3
2
2
3
5
3
15
14
10
13
16
19
15
Unweighted base
1920
23,229
2440
24,519
350
7,007
1350
16,443
1450
14,996
1200
9,303
4350
47,744
64

5.11
Table
non-smoking adult's risk of certain medical conditions: by socio-economic
classification and by presence of children under 16 in household, 2008/09
Whether increases
risk
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Managerial and
Intermediate
Routine and
professional
occupations
manual
occupations
occupations
Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household

92
88
86
92
87
91
86
85
89
87
85
79
79
84
81
77
75
75
78
75
71
68
67
74
68
20
20
22
20
22
Total
89
87
82
76
69
21
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
6
10
12
7
10
7
11
12
9
10
12
17
17
14
16
19
20
21
19
20
27
29
29
25
29
64
65
64
66
63
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart Disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
4
5
4
2
5
4
2
4
4
1
4
3
16
15
14
13
15
15
9
10
15
20
28
64
Unweighted base
1480
850
1630
1070
3290
4350
16,094
8,876
17,046
13,959
33,789 47,744
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose occupation was not stated
or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.
65
6: Attitudes related to smoking


Smoking in the home
In 2006, a new question asked respondents about the extent to which
smoking was allowed inside their home. They were asked to think about if
and where smoking was allowed (rather than who was allowed to smoke).
Just over two-thirds (69 per cent) said that smoking was not allowed at all
in their home in 2008/09, similar to the 67 per cent in 2007 but a
statistically significant increase since 2006 when 61 per cent of people said
this. A fifth (20 per cent) said it was allowed in some rooms or at some
times and only 10 per cent said it was allowed everywhere.
People who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day were the least likely to say
that smoking was not allowed at all only 21 per cent of those who
smoked 20 or more a day said so. This compared with 38 per cent of those
who smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes a day and 81 per cent of those who
had never smoked.
There were no statistically significant differences between men and
women. Those aged 16-24 were less likely than older people to say
smoking was not allowed at all (62 per cent compared with 69-72 per cent
of older age groups).
Tables 6.1 - 6.3
Respondents in professional and managerial occupations were more likely
than others to report that they did not allow smoking anywhere (80 per
cent compared with 62 per cent of those in routine and manual
occupations and 69 per cent of those in intermediate occupational groups).
People who were living in a household with children were more likely to
say that they did not allow smoking anywhere (75 per cent did not allow it
compared with 67 per cent of those in all adult households).
Table 6.4
Those who were aware of the potential harm to children and non-smoking
adults of second-hand smoking were more likely than others to say that
smoking was not allowed at all in their home. For example, 74 per cent of
people who were aware of the effect of second-hand smoke on a childs risk
of asthma did not allow smoking at all in their home compared with 42 per
cent of those who were not aware of the risk.
Tables 6.5 - 6.6
Non-smokers' attitudes towards people smoking near

them
Non-smokers (that is, both ex-smokers and those who had never smoked)
were asked if they would mind if other people smoked near them and 62
per cent of non-smokers said they would mind. The tables in this section
show information from February and March 2009 only.
66

The percentage who minded if people smoked near them in 2008/09 (62
per cent) was similar to the percentages since 2004 (60 per cent or higher)
and slightly higher than in years prior to this. There were no significant
differences between men and women. Respondents who had never smoked
regularly were also more likely to mind smokers smoking near them (67
per cent compared with 53 per cent of ex-smokers).
The main reasons why non-smokers said they would mind if people
smoked near them were the smell of cigarette smoke (65 per cent), the
residual smell of smoke on clothing (53 per cent) and the perceived health
effects of second-hand smoking (51 per cent). A sizeable percentage of
non-smokers also mentioned that cigarette smoke affected their breathing
(27 per cent), got in their eyes (24 per cent) or made them cough (21 per
cent). These reasons were similar to those given in previous years.
Figure 6.1 and Tables 6.7 - 6.9
6.1
Figure
Non-smokers reasons for saying they would mind if smokers
smoke near them: 2008/09
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
th
er
iv
e
m
e
he
ad
ac
he
e
m
M
ak
es
M
ak
es
m
e
fe
e
ls
ic
k
co
ug
h
ey
es
m
y
in
et
s
G
br
ea
th
in
g/
as
th
m
a
he
al
th
Af
fe
ct
s
fo
rm
y
Ba
d
M
ak
es
cl
ot
he
s
sm
el
l
el
l
0
U
np
le
as
an
ts
m
Percentage
67

Non-smokers who were aware of the health effects of second-hand

smoking were also more likely to mind smokers smoking near them. For
example, 66 per cent of those who said that second-hand smoking would
increase the risk of asthma in a non-smoking adult would mind if someone
smoked near them compared with 31 per cent of those who were not aware
of the risk of asthma.
Table 6.10
Smokers behaviour in the presence of non-smokers

Smokers were asked if they modified their smoking behaviour when in a
room with non-smoking adults or children.
The majority of smokers (81 per cent) said that they modified their
behaviour when in the presence of non-smoking adults: 50 per cent did
not smoke at all and 31 per cent smoked fewer cigarettes. This was similar
to previous years.
People who smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes a day were more likely to
modify their behaviour in front of adults than those who smoked 20 or
more: 53 per cent of those who smoked fewer than 20 a day did not smoke
at all in front of adults, compared with 39 per cent of those who smoked
20 or more a day.
Women were no more likely than men to modify their smoking behaviour
in the presence of non-smoking adults. Generally, respondents who knew
of the effects of second-hand smoking on adults and children were more
likely to change their smoking behaviour than smokers who were not
aware of the effects.
Smokers tended to impose stricter controls on their smoking in the
presence of children than in a room of adult non-smokers. In 2008/09:
a greater percentage of smokers said that they would limit their

smoking in a room with children than said they would do so in the
presence of adult non-smokers (91 per cent compared with 81 per
cent)
77 per cent of smokers said they would not smoke at all if they
were in a room with children compared with 50 per cent who
would not smoke at all in a room with adult non-smokers
80 per cent of those who smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes a day

would not smoke at all in front of a child while only 53 per cent
would abstain in front of an adult non-smoker. The figures for
those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day were 66 per cent
and 39 per cent respectively
The percentage of smokers who would not smoke at all in front of children
has increased over the survey years from 54 per cent in 1997 to 77 per cent
in 2008/09.
Smokers who were aware of the potential harm to children of second-hand
smoking were more likely than other smokers to say they did not smoke at
all when they were in a room with children. For example, 79 per cent of
68

smokers who were aware of the effect of second-hand smoke on a childs

risk of asthma did not smoke at all in front of children compared with 65
per cent of those who were not aware of the risk.
Tables 6.11 - 6.14 and Figures 6.2 and 6.3
6.2
Figure
Smokers behaviour when they are with adult non-smokers and
children: by number of cigarettes smoked a day, 2008/09
100%
80%
Percentage
60%
Other (eg ask permission)
Do not smoke at all
Smoke fewer cigarettes
Smoke the same number of cigarettes
40%
20%
0%
20 cigarettes Fewer than
and over a 20 cigarettes
day
a day
All smokers
20 cigarettes Fewer than

and over a 20 cigarettes
day
a day
All smokers
Behaviour with ...

Adult non-smokers
Children
69

6.3
Figure
Percentage of smokers who would not smoke at all when they
are with adult non-smokers and children: 1997-2008/09
90
Percentage
80
70
60
50
children
adult non-smokers
40
30
20
10
0
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008/09
Year
Smoking restrictions at work

A comprehensive ban on smoking in all enclosed public places was
introduced from March 2006 in Scotland, April 2007 in Wales and from
July 2007 in England. Respondents were therefore asked a slightly
different question from 2007 onwards about the smoking restrictions in
their workplace to that in previous years to reflect this change in
legislation.
The 93 per cent of working respondents who worked with other people all
said that, in accordance with the smoke-free law, smoking was banned in
the building where they worked. A third of working respondents said that
smoking was not allowed in the grounds either.
Women were more likely than men9 to work at premises that banned
smoking in the grounds as well as in enclosed places in accordance with
the legislation.
Tables 6.15-6.18
It should be noted that men are more likely than women to work in outdoor jobs (for example,
construction or agriculture) where smoking restrictions are less appropriate.
70

6.1 Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: 2006 to
Table
2008/09

Extent to which smoking
is allowed
2006 *
2007 *
2007 **
2008/09 **
%
61
26
%
67
21
%
67
21
%
69
20
13
12
12
10
2266
45,921
4330
47,627
Smoking is not allowed at all

Smoking is allowed in
some rooms or at some times
Smoking is allowed anywhere
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
2333
2261
6.2
Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by

Table
smoking status, 2008/09
is allowed
Smoking status
Fewer than
All
20 per day
current
20 or more
per day
Total
Exsmokers
smokers
regularly
%
21
49
%
38
41
%
33
43
%
78
15
%
81
13
%
69
20
31
21
24
10
290
3,086
650
7,510
950
10,656
1520
15,110
1870
21,827
4330
47,627

Unweighted base
Never
smoked
6.3
Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by sex

Table
and by age, 2008/09
is allowed
Men

Unweighted base
Sex
Women
16-24
Age
25-44
45-64
Total
65 and
over
%
69
19
%
70
21
%
62
23
%
72
21
%
70
20
%
69
18
%
69
20
12
14
10
14
10
1910
23,180
2420
24,447
350
7,079
1350
16,420
1440
14,958
1180
9,171
4330
47,627
71

6.4
Table
Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by socioeconomic classification and by presence of children under 16 in household,
2008/09
is allowed
Managerial and
Intermediate
Routine and
professional
occupations
manual
occupations
occupations

Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household
Total
%
80
15
%
69
20
%
62
25
%
75
20
%
67
21
%
69
20
12
13
12
10
Unweighted base
1470
840
1620
1070
3260
4330
16,033
8,793
16,978
14,040
33,587 47,627
6.5
Table
Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by views
on whether or not living with a smoker increases a child's risk of certain
medical conditions, 2008/09

is allowed
Living with a smoker increases a child's risk of

Chest infections
Asthma
Other infections
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Total +
Cot death
Yes
No
Ear infections
Yes
No
Diabetes
Yes
No
%
72
19
%
38
36
%
74
18
%
42
37
%
76
17
%
57
27
%
77
16
%
58
27
%
78
16
%
63
23
%
78
15
%
66
22
%
69
20
26
21
15
15
14
12
10
Unweighted base
3940
310
3700
490
2750
1270
2470
43,760
3,077
40,901
5,173
31,204
13,370
27,357
+
includes people who said they did not know if second-hand smoking increases the risk of having a certain condition.
1300
14,630
1540
16,858
2150
24,252
940
10,491
2750
30,702
4330
47,627

72

6.6
Table
Extent to which smoking is allowed in peoples homes: by views
on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's
risk of certain medical conditions, 2008/09
is allowed
Total +
Second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of

Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Heart disease
Yes
No
Coughs and colds

Yes
No
Diabetes
Yes
No
%
73
18
%
38
37
%
73
19
%
45
32
%
75
17
%
42
37
%
73
18
%
56
28
%
74
17
%
59
27
%
77
17
%
66
22
%
69
20
25
23
20
16
14
12
10
Unweighted base
3780
440
3770
440
3470
690
3250
42,216
4,348
41,540
4,782
38,808
7,120
36,104
+
870
9,436
2970
33,009
1220
13,112
930
10,187
2710
30,356
4330
47,627

6.7 Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: 1997-
Table
2008/09
All non-smokers aged 16 and over
Attitude
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
+
2007 * 2007 ** 2008/09 **
Would mind if people

smoke near them
56
54
55
55
55
56
60
62
60
60
59
62
Would not mind
35
37
34
34
35
36
32
29
32
29
30
28
11
11
10
11
11
10
1755
35,735
1720
38,008
It depends
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
2730
2609
2455
2645
2872
+
2008/09 covers February and March 2009
2667
2733
1830
1774
1776
73

6.8
Table
Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: by sex and
by smoking status, 2008/09
Attitude
Sex
Men Women
Smoking status
ExNever smoked
smokers
regularly
Total **

smoke near them
59
64
53
67
62
Would not mind
32
25
35
26
28
10
12
10
Unweighted base
750
980
17,984
20,024
**
760
15,444
960
22,564
1720
38,008
It depends
74

6.9
Table
Non-smokers' reasons for saying that they would mind if
smokers smoke near them: 1997-2008/09
All non-smokers aged 16 and over who mind if smokers smoke near them
Reason
1997
1999
2000
2001
Health reasons
Bad for my health
Affects breathing/asthma
Makes me cough
Gets in my eyes
Makes me feel sick
Gives me a headache
45
21
17
18
9
4
46
25
21
20
8
6
51
23
23
21
9
7
43
21
17
17
9
4
Other reasons
Unpleasant smell
Makes clothes smell
Other
61
37
19
62
39
13
65
40
15
61
36
17
2002
2003
2007 ** 2008/09 **
2005
2006
2007 *
Percentage giving the reason

43
40
45
19
22
23
15
14
17
15
17
16
8
10
9
4
5
6
46
25
18
18
10
7
47
29
23
21
11
9
56
28
23
26
14
11
56
28
22
25
13
11
51
27
21
24
14
11
64
50
13
66
54
10
66
52
8
65
51
8
65
53
8
1054
21,065
1060
23,435
64
37
13
64
42
10
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
1529
1406
1352
1462
1581
1492
Percentages add up to more than 100% because some people gave more than one reason.
+
61
42
10
1643
1131
1063
1062
6.10
Table
Non-smokers' attitude to people smoking near them: by views
on whether or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's
risk of certain medical conditions, 2008/09
Attitude
Total
Second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of:

Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart disease
Coughs and colds
Diabetes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes

smoke near them
65
25
64
39
66
31
65
46
66
49
64
59
62
Would not mind
25
63
26
52
24
55
25
43
24
40
26
31
28
It depends
10
12
10
10
14
10
11
10
11
10
10
10
Unweighted base
No
1550
130
1560
130
1470
210
1350
300
1230
440
390
1050
1720
34,651
2,634
34,159
3,000
32,760
4,224
30,015
6,442
27,181
9,589
8,318
24,094
38,008

+
+
2004
75

6.11 Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: 1997-
Table
2008/09
All smokers aged 16 and over
Behaviour in a room with:
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
2008/09 **
2007 **
... adult non-smokers

Do not smoke at all
%
12
37
82
45
6
%
12
34
83
49
5
%
11
34
85
50
4
%
12
34
82
48
6
%
11
30
82
52
7
%
14
36
82
46
5
%
14
38
83
45
3
%
14
34
81
47
5
%
18
33
78
44
4
%
13
32
81
49
6
%
14
33
81
48
5
%
14
31
81
50
5
... children
Do not smoke at all
10
32
86
54
3
8
30
90
60
2
6
25
92
67
2
8
26
90
63
3
8
21
87
66
5
6
24
92
68
3
6
25
92
67
2
4
21
95
74
1
6
23
91
68
2
5
14
92
78
3
5
13
92
79
3
6
14
91
77
4
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
985
945
867
519
10,397
843
941
850
808
568
571
940
10,644
497
6.12
Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by number

Table
of cigarettes smoked and by sex, 2008/09

20 or more
Fewer than 20
per day
per day
Sex
Total
Men
Women
20
11
15
12
14
33
31
29
34
31
Do not smoke at all
39
53
50
49
50

... children
10
19
13
15
14
14
Do not smoke at all
66
80
75
77
77
290
3,076
650
7,478
460
5,858
480
4,786
940
10,644

Unweighted base
76

6.13
Table
Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by views on
whether or not living with a smoker increases a child's risk of certain medical
conditions, 2008/09
Living with a smoker increases a child's risk of

Chest infections
Yes
Asthma
No
Other infections
Yes
No
Yes
Cot death
No
Yes
Ear infections
No
Yes
Total +
Diabetes
No
Yes
No
13
20
12
20
12
18
11
16
10
16
14
14
14
30
37
31
32
30
35
33
32
29
32
28
33
31
Do not smoke at all
52
36
52
41
53
42
52
44
57
46
55
48
50

... children
13
11
14
20
14
18
12
20
13
18
12
17
13
15
14
Do not smoke at all
79
60
79
65
82
67
82
70
83
72
81
74
77

Unweighted base
790
130
680
200
490
370
420
380
240
580
150
680
940
9,025
1,344
7,706
2,250
5,759
3,970
4,577
4,519
2,699
6,577
1,787
7,635
10,644

6.14
Table
Smokers' behaviour in a room with non-smokers: by views on
whether or not second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of
certain medical conditions, 2008/09
Second-hand smoking increases a non-smoking adult's risk of

Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Heart disease
Coughs and colds
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
14
16
13
18
12
20
13
17
13
16
32
30
31
31
30
32
30
33
33
29
Do not smoke at all
50
47
50
46
53
43
52
44
50
Total
Diabetes
Yes
No
%
17
15
14
26
32
31
49
53
48
50
... children
11
14
18
13
21
14
16
12
21
13
16
14
16
14
Do not smoke at all
78
68
79
68
79
71
81
67
78
74
79
75
77

Unweighted base
700
190
700
190
590
290
600
280
530
370
150
660
940
8,177
2,024
7,987
2,074
6,814
3,164
6,923
3,176
6,149
4,039
1,678
7,570
10,644

6.15 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: 2007
Table
and 2008/09
People aged 16 and over currently working

Level of restriction
No smoking at all on the premises,

including the grounds
No smoking in enclosed places in
accordance with the smoke-free law
Don't work in a building with others
Unweighted base
2007
2008/09
%
31
%
33
62
60
1282
27,930
2310
28,542
77

6.16
Table
Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by
Smoking status
Current
Exsmokers
smokers
Total
Never
smoked
regularly
%
31
%
35
%
33
%
33
59
58
62
60
520
6,565
720
8,392
1060
13,586
2310
28,542

Unweighted base
6.17 Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by
Table
sex, 2008/09


Unweighted base
Sex
Men
Women
Total
%
30
%
36
%
33
61
59
60
1130
15,355
1180
13,191
2310
28,542
78

6.18
Table
Restrictions on smoking where person currently works: by
socio-economic classification, 2008/09
Socio-economic classification:
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations

Total
Routine and
manual
occupations
%
39
%
26
%
32
%
33
57
58
62
60
16
Unweighted base
950
520
750
2310
11,515
5,987
9,478
28,542
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term
unemployed, and those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate
categories, but are included in the total.
79
7: Views about restrictions on smoking in public

7: Views about restrictions on smoking in

public
Views on smoking restrictions in public places
As discussed in Chapter 1, new legislation has been introduced making
enclosed public places smoke-free from March 2006 in Scotland, from
April 2007 in Wales and from July 2007 in England. The questions from
previous years asking respondents whether they thought there should be
restrictions on smoking in certain places were therefore reworded to
reflect this change and results from 2007 onwards are not comparable
with those from previous years.
In 2008/09, the vast majority of those interviewed agreed with the
restrictions on smoking at work (85 per cent), and the ban on smoking in
restaurants (93 per cent), in indoor shopping centres (91 per cent), in
indoor sports and leisure centres (94 per cent), in indoor areas at railway
and bus stations (85 per cent) and in other public places such as banks and
post offices (94 per cent). A smaller percentage of people, 75 per cent,
agreed with the ban on smoking in pubs. These figures were similar to
those found in 2007.
Table 7.1 and Figure 7.1
7.1
Figure
Percentage of people agreeing with the ban on smoking in
certain places: 2007 and 2008/09
Percentage
100
90
80
70
60
2007
2008/09
50
40
30
20
10
0
in pubs
in indoor areas in
railway/bus
stations
at work
in indoor sports
and leisure
centres
in restaurants
in indoor
shopping centres
in other public
places
80

Non-smokers were more likely to agree with the ban on smoking in certain
places than current smokers for example, 93 per cent of those who had
never smoked and 87 per cent of ex-smokers were in favour of the smoking
restrictions at work compared with 65 per cent of current smokers.
Women were more likely than men to agree with smoking restrictions at
work, in restaurants and cafes, in pubs and in indoor shopping centres.
The extent of the support for the smoking ban among different age groups
and socio-economic classes varied for the different locations, but generally
those in younger age groups, and those in routine and manual occupations
were less likely to be in favour of the new smoking ban at work, in pubs
and in indoor areas at railway/bus stations.
Tables 7.1 - 7.4
In order to gain a better picture of people's sensitivity to the risk of
second-hand smoke to children, respondents were asked whether they
agreed with smoking restrictions in places where there are, or are likely to
be, children under the age of 16.
Tables 7.4 to 7.6 show peoples views on smoking restrictions by whether
or not they are a parent of (or the partner of a parent of) a child under 16
in the household.
Overall, the vast majority (95 per cent) of people agreed with smoking
restrictions in places where there are, or are likely to be, children under
the age of 16. This was similar to 2007 when 94 per cent of people said
they agreed with the restrictions. Parents (and their partners) were more
likely to agree with these restrictions than non-parents (97 per cent and 94
per cent respectively).
Among both parents and non-parents, non-smokers were more likely than
smokers to favour smoking restrictions where children were likely to be
present.
women, among different age groups or among different socio-economic
classes.
Tables 7.5 - 7.8
As well as asking respondents for their views on the smoking ban in
specific places, respondents were asked whether they agreed with the new
legislation banning smoking in enclosed public places. Overall, 81 per cent
of people said they agreed with the smoking ban 60 per cent strongly
agreed and 21 per cent agreed. Thirteen per cent of people disagreed 4
per cent disagreed strongly and 9 per cent disagreed. Six per cent neither
agreed nor disagreed. These figures were not significantly different to
those found in 2007.
Those who had never smoked were more likely to strongly agree with the
smoking ban 75 per cent agreed strongly compared with 62 per cent of
ex-smokers and only 26 per cent of current smokers.
Women were more likely than men to agree with the legislation: 63 per
cent of women and 57 per cent of men strongly agreed. There were no
81

statistically significant differences between those in different age groups,

although those aged 16-24 were less likely than those aged 25 to 64 to
agree strongly.
Agreement with the smoking ban was related to socio-economic group,
with the percentage agreeing strongly increasing significantly from 52 per
cent of those in routine and manual, to 58 per cent of those in
intermediate groups and increasing again to 70 per cent of those in
managerial and professional groups.
Tables 7.9 - 7.12
Respondents were asked how often they visited pubs before smoking was
banned in indoor areas. Again, the question changed from 2007 onwards
to reflect the introduction of the new legislation and so it is not possible to
look at change before 2007. The tables exclude those respondents who
said they did not go to pubs.
Sixty-nine per cent of respondents said they used to visit pubs about as
often as they did nowadays, 14 per cent said they went more often before
the smoking restrictions were in place and 17 per cent went less often
before. Those who smoked were particularly likely to say they visited pubs
more often before there was a smoking ban in place (25 per cent said they
did, compared with only 10 per cent of those who had never smoked).
There were no differences between men and women or those in different
socio-economic groups. Those aged 25 to 44 were more likely than those in
the youngest and oldest age groups to say they went to pubs more often
before the smoking ban.
People with children in the household were not significantly more likely
than those in all adult households to say they went to the pub more or less
often before the smoking ban.
Tables 7.13 - 7.16
Taxation on tobacco
People were asked how they thought tax increases directed at smokers
should relate to inflation. In 2008/09, half (51 per cent) said that tax on
tobacco should be increased by more than the rate of inflation. This is
similar to the percentages in previous survey years.
There was a wide disparity of views on taxation between smokers and nonsmokers; only 17 per cent of current smokers said that taxation should be
increased by more than the rate of inflation, compared with 64 per cent of
those who had never smoked. About three-fifths (62 per cent) of people
who smoked said that tobacco tax should not be increased at all, whereas
only 14 per cent of those who had never smoked took that view.
There were no marked differences in opinion according to sex or age.
Tables 7.17 - 7.19
82

Increase in legal age of sale of tobacco

The legal minimum age for the sale of tobacco was raised from 16 to 18 in
October 2007 and a question was asked seeking people's views on this
change in the legislation. In 2007, the question was incorrectly worded as
The Government have increased the legal age of purchasing tobacco from
16 to 18 in October 2007. How far do you agree or disagree with this
change in legislation? This was corrected in 2008/09 to read The age of
sale for tobacco products was increased from 16 to 18 in October 2007.
How far do you agree or disagree with this change in legislation? It is
unlikely that the change wording would effect people's views on the
legislation.
The vast majority (85 per cent) agreed with the change in legislation: 55
per cent agreed strongly and 30 per cent agreed. Only 7 per cent disagreed
with the new law. These figures were not statistically significantly different
from those found in 2007. Those who had never smoked and ex-smokers
were more likely than current smokers to agree with the increase in the
minimum age of sale of tobacco (89 per cent and 86 per cent agreed
respectively compared with 77 per cent of current smokers).
women. Those aged 16-24 were less likely than those aged 25 and over to
agree with the increase in the minimum age for sale of tobacco: 58 per cent
of those aged 25 to 64 agreed strongly compared with only 46 per cent of
those aged 16 to 24.
Those in managerial and professional socio-economic groups were more
likely than others to agree with the change in legislation. People with
children under 16 in the household were more likely to generally agree
with the change in the minimum age for sale of tobacco, and to specifically
to agree strongly.
Tables 7.20 - 7.23
83

7.1 Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: 2007 and
Table
2008/09

Agreement with
smoking restrictions
2007
2008/09
Percentage agreeing with smoking ban

86
85
94
93
75
75
92
91
95
94
85
85
96
94
... at work
... in restaurants
... in pubs
in indoor shopping centres
in indoor sports and leisure centres
in indoor areas in railway/bus stations
... in other public places
Unweighted base
2268
46,030
4320
47,498
7.2
Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by

Table
Agreement with
Smoking status
20 or more
per day
Total
Fewer than
20 per day
All
current
Exsmokers
smokers
... at work
... in restaurants
... in pubs
Unweighted base
51
77
33
71
77
57
78
290
3,094
regularly

71
65
88
85
52
46
85
81
91
87
72
68
91
87
640
7,417
940
10,600
Never
smoked
87
94
78
92
95
87
84
93
97
87
94
97
93
97
85
93
75
91
94
85
94
1520
15,158
1860
21,736
4320
47,498
84

7.3
Table
Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by sex
and by age, 2008/09
Sex
Men Women
Agreement with
... at work
... in restaurants
... in pubs
82
92
73
89
94
85
93
Unweighted base
1910
23,156
16-24
Age
25-44
45-64

87
79
88
85
94
92
94
93
77
71
77
75
92
90
93
91
94
95
96
94
86
78
89
87
95
93
96
94
2410
24,342
350
6,981
1350
16,390
1440
14,925
Total
65 and
over
83
93
75
85
90
82
91
85
93
75
91
94
85
94
1180
9,202
4320
47,498
7.4
Table
Agreement with smoking restrictions in certain places: by socioeconomic classification and by presence of children under 16 in household,
2008/09
Agreement with
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
... at work
... in restaurants
... in pubs
Unweighted base
91
96
82
94
97
91
97
1480
16,058
Routine and
manual
occupations

84
79
93
92
74
69
90
88
93
92
85
81
94
91
840
8,817
1620
16,961
No children
in household
Total1
88
94
77
93
96
89
95
84
93
74
90
93
84
93
85
93
75
91
94
85
94
1070
13,928
3260
33,570
4320
47,498
Children
under 16
in household

'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and
those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are
included in the total.
85

7.5
Table
Agreement with smoking restrictions in places where there are,
or likely to be, children: by parental status, 2007 and 2008/09
Whether a parent
(or partner of a parent) of child aged
0-15 in household
2007
2008/09
Percentage agreeing with smoking restrictions

in places where there are children
95
97
94
94
94
95
Parent/partner of parent
Not parent/partner of parent
All
Unweighted base
All
All
500
1770
2270
970
3370
4340
10,923
35,149
46,071
11,840
35,813
47,653
7.6

Table
or likely to be, children: by parental status and smoking status, 2008/09
Whether a parent
Smoking status
20 or more
per day
Total
Fewer than
20 per day
0-15 in household
All
Unweighted base
All
All
All
current
Exsmokers
smokers
Never
smoked
regularly
Percentage agreeing with smoking restrictions in places where there are children
92
96
95
96
98
78
91
87
94
97
82
92
89
95
97
97
94
95
70
220
290
180
470
650
250
690
940
270
1250
1520
450
1420
1880
970
3370
4340
767
2,316
3,083
2,052
5,392
7,444
2,839
7,777
10,616
3,372
11,820
15,192
5,629
16,212
21,841
11,840
35,813
47,653
86

7.7
Table
or likely to be, children: by parental status, by sex and by age, 2008/09
Whether a parent
0-15 in household
All
Sex
Age
Men
Women
Total
16-24
25-44
45-64
65 and
over
96
97
96
96
98
*
93
95
95
97
94
92
94
95
95
97
95
92
97
94
95
Unweighted base
All
360
1550
1910
610
1820
2430
60
290
350
710
640
1350
190
1260
1450
*
1190
1200
970
3370
4340

All
5,246
17,936
23,183
6,593
17,877
24,470
786
6,215
7,000
8,728
7,690
16,418
2,268
12,705
14,973
58
9,204
9,262
11,840
35,813
47,653

* fewer than 10 respondents
7.8

Table
or likely to be, children: by parental status and socio-economic
classification, 2008/09
Total1
Whether a parent
0-15 in household
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
All
99
99
94
97
96
94
93
94
97
95
93
95
Unweighted base
All
360
1120
1480
190
660
850
Routine and
manual
occupations
340
1290
1630
970
3370
4340

4,541
2,301
4,071
11,840
11,548
6,575
12,934
35,813
All
16,090
8,876
17,005
47,653
those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included
in the total.
87

7.9
Table
Agreement with new legislation on smoking restrictions in
public places: 2007 and 2008/09
Views on legislation which made
all enclosed public places and workplaces
smoke-free
2007
2008/09
%
61
80
19
6
8
14
6
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
%
60
81
21
6
9
13
4
2272
46,077
4340
47,657
7.10
Table
public places: by smoking status, 2008/09
Smoking status
20 or more
per day
Total
Fewer than
20 per day
smoke-free
All
current
Exsmokers
smokers
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
Never
smoked
regularly
%
16
27
9
28
20
%
30
32
8
19
11
%
26
30
8
22
14
%
62
22
6
8
3
%
75
16
4
3
1
%
60
21
6
9
4
290
3,094
650
7,467
940
10,639
1530
15,203
1870
21,810
4350
47,657
7.11
Table
public places: by sex and by age, 2008/09
smoke-free
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
Sex
Men
Women
Age
16-24
25-44
45-64
65 and
over
Total
%
57
22
6
11
4
%
63
20
6
7
4
%
55
25
8
8
4
%
62
22
5
8
3
%
62
18
4
10
6
%
59
21
7
9
4
%
60
21
6
9
4
1910
23,203
2430
24,453
350
7,000
1350
16,442
1450
14,969
1190
9,246
4350
47,657
88

7.12
Table
public places: by socio-economic classification and by presence of children
under 16 in household, 2008/09
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
Total
Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household
%
62
22
5
7
4
%
59
21
6
9
5
%
60
21
6
9
4
Unweighted base
1480
850
1630
1070
16,090
8,876
17,002
13,969
those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in
the total.
3280
33,688
4340
47,657

smoke-free
%
70
18
3
6
3
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Routine and
manual
occupations
%
58
21
6
9
5
%
52
23
7
12
6
7.13
Table
Changes in visiting pubs since smoking restrictions
introduced: 2007 and 2008/09
Those aged 16 and over who go to pubs

How often did you visit pubs
2007
2008/09
%
11
73
16
%
14
69
17
1750
36,110
3260
36,560
before had smoking restrictions
More often than nowadays

About the same as nowadays
Less often than nowadays
Unweighted base
7.14
Table
introduced: by smoking status, 2008/09
Current
smokers
Exsmokers

Unweighted base
Never
smoked
Total
regularly
%
25
64
11
%
13
70
17
%
10
71
19
%
14
69
17
760
8,620
1170
12,068
1330
15,868
3260
36,560
89

7.15
Table
introduced: by sex and by age, 2008/09
Sex
Men

Women
16-24
%
14
70
16
%
15
68
18
%
12
75
13
1560
18,859
1700
17,701
270
5,409

Unweighted base
Age
25-44
Total
45-64
65 and
over
%
17
66
17
%
13
68
19
%
12
74
14
%
14
69
17
1160
13,929
1180
12,104
640
5,119
3260
36,560
7.16

Table
introduced: by socio-economic classification and by presence of children
under 16 in household, 2008/09
Children under 16
in household
No children
in household
Total1
%
16
66
18
%
14
70
16
%
14
69
17
Unweighted base
1240
650
1110
860
13,851
6,860
12,144
10,914
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed,
and those whose occupation was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are
included in the total.
2400
25,646
3260
36,560
Managerial and
Intermediate
Routine and
professional
occupations
manual
occupations
occupations

%
13
68
19

Table
%
16
68
17
%
16
69
14
7.17 Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: 1996-2008/09

Acceptable amount of
increase
A lot more than inflation

Just above inflation
In line with inflation
None at all
1996
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 *
%
36
16
28
21
%
35
18
28
20
%
34
14
24
28
%
32
14
27
27
%
30
17
26
27
%
31
16
26
27
%
32
18
25
26
%
33
18
24
26
%
34
17
24
26
%
32
18
21
29
%
34
17
23
25
Unweighted base
Weighted base *
3611
3626
3450
3221
3385
3703
3440
3426
2346
2277
2007 ** 2008/09 **
%
34
17
23
26
%
35
16
22
28
2239
45,529
4250
46,707
2240
90

7.18
Table
Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: by smoking
status, 2008/09
increase
20 or more
per day
Total
Smoking status
Fewer than
All
20 per day
current
Exsmokers
smokers

None at all
Unweighted base
Never
smoked
regularly
%
6
4
15
76
%
12
9
22
57
%
10
7
20
62
%
35
18
24
24
%
46
18
21
14
%
35
16
22
28
290
3,081
640
7,387
930
10,557
1490
14,852
1830
21,298
4250
46,707
7.19 Views on acceptable amount of tax increase: by sex and by
Table
age, 2008/09
increase
Sex
Men
Women
Age
16-24
25-44
Total
45-64
65 and over
33
36
30
35
37
33
35
16
16
18
16
14
16
16
22
22
20
22
22
24
22
None at all
29
27
33
27
27
27
28
1880
22,763
2370
23,948
340
6,816
1320
16,133
1440
14,838
1150
8,926
4250
46,707
Unweighted base
91

7.20
Table
Views on government legislation increasing legal age of sale
of tobacco: 2007 and 2008/09
Agreement with government
legislation increasing legal
2007
2008/09
age of purchasing tobacco
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
%
56
86
30
8
5
7
2
2262
45,915
%
55
85
30
9
5
7
2
4340
47,644
7.21
Table
of tobacco: by smoking status, 2008/09
Smoking status
Current
Exsmokers
smokers
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
Total
Never
smoked
regularly
%
40
37
11
7
5
%
55
31
9
4
1
%
63
26
7
3
1
%
55
30
9
5
2
940
10,646
1520
15,176
1870
21,818
4340
47,644
92

7.22
Table
of tobacco: by sex and by age, 2008/09
Sex
Men
Women
25-44
45-64
65 and over
%
53
31
9
5
2
%
57
29
8
4
1
%
46
30
13
7
4
%
58
29
8
4
1
%
58
29
8
4
1
%
52
33
8
5
1
%
55
30
9
5
2
1910
23,195
2430
24,449
350
7,000
1350
16,430
1450
14,956
1200
9,258
4340
47,644
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Unweighted base
Total
Age
16-24
7.23
Table
of tobacco: by socio-economic classification, 2008/09

Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Managerial and
Intermediate
professional
occupations
occupations
%
62
27
7
3
1
%
55
30
9
5
2
Routine and
manual
occupations
%
50
34
10
6
2
Children
under 16
in household
No children
in household
Total1
%
60
27
7
4
2
%
53
31
9
5
2
%
55
30
9
5
2
Unweighted base
1480
850
1630
1070
3280
4340
16,083
8,840
17,032
13,962
33,683
47,644
'Those who could not be classified (full-time students, those who had never worked or were long-term unemployed, and those whose occupation
was not stated or inadequately described) are not shown as separate categories, but are included in the total.
93
Appendix A: The NS Opinions Survey


The Opinions Survey is a multi-purpose survey carried out by the Office
for National Statistics for use by government departments and other
public or non-profit making bodies. Interviewing is carried out every
month10 and each months questionnaire covers a variety of topics,
reflecting different users requirements.
The sample
Interviews are conducted with approximately 1,200 adults (aged 16 or
over) in private households in Great Britain each month. The Opinions
Survey uses the Postcode Address File of small users as its sampling
frame; all private household addresses in Great Britain are included in this
frame. A new sample of 67 postal sectors is selected for each month and is
stratified by: region; the proportion of households where the household
reference person is in the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification
(NS-SEC) categories 1 to 3 (that is, employers in large organisations,
higher managerial occupations, and higher professional employees/selfemployed), and the proportion of people who are aged over 65. The postal
sectors are selected with probability proportionate to size and, within each
sector, 30 addresses (delivery points) are selected randomly.
If an address contains more than one household, the interviewer uses a
standard ONS procedure to randomly select where to interview this may
be at one or more households11. In households with more than one adult
member, just one person aged 16 or over is selected for interview with the
use of a Kish grid. Proxy interviews are not taken.
Weighting
Because only one household member is interviewed at each address,
people in households containing few adults have a higher probability of
selection than those in households with many. Where the unit of analysis
is individual adults, as it is for this module, a weighting factor is applied to
correct for this unequal probability of selection.
The weighting system from 2007 also adjusts for some non-response bias
by calibrating the Opinions sample to ONS population totals. Despite the
considerable efforts made by interviewers to maximize response rates,
approximately 30 per cent of selected individuals decline to take part or
10
The Opinions survey was previously conducted in eight months of the year, with a larger
monthly set sample size of 3,000 addresses, and an achieved monthly sample of about 1,800
interviews.
11
The procedure for dealing with multi-household addresses was changed in 2005 to reduce
bias caused by the under-representation of multi-household addresses and is now an ONS
standard method.
94

cannot be contacted. Differential non-response among key subgroups in

the population is especially problematic because it can result in biased
estimates being produced.
The weighting ensures that the weighted sample distribution across
regions and across age-sex groups matches that in the population.
Consequently, respondents belonging to sub-groups that are prone to high
levels of non-response are assigned higher weights. For example, young
males living in London have a lower response rate and are therefore
assigned higher weights than are males living in other regions.
Grossing up the data by age and sex and by region to ONS population
totals will reduce the standard errors of survey estimates if the survey
variable is correlated with age, sex and region.
Fieldwork
Interviews are carried out in respondents homes by interviewers who have
been trained to carry out a range of ONS surveys. Advance letters are sent
to all addresses giving a brief explanation of the survey. Interviewers must
make at least three calls at an address at different times of the day and
week to establish contact.
As with all ONS surveys, a quality check on fieldwork is carried out by reinterviewing a proportion of respondents.
The smoking module was included in the September and November 2008
and February and March 2009 Opinions months.
Questions
The module of questions (which are shown in Appendix B) was developed
in conjunction with the Department of Health and the NHS Information
Centre for health and social care.
Response rates
The small users Postcode Address File includes some business addresses
and other addresses, such as new and empty properties, at which no
private households are living. The expected proportion of such addresses,
which are classified as ineligible, is about 9-10 per cent. They are
eliminated from the set sample before the response rate is calculated.
95

The response rate for the September and November 2008 and February
and March 2009 Opinions surveys was 60 per cent, as shown below:
Set sample of addresses

Ineligible addresses
Eligible addresses
8,040
100%
764
10%
7,272
90%
Eligible Households
7,297
100%
No interview refusal
2,155
30%
48
1%
731
10%
4,363
60%
Unknown eligibility
No interview non-contact
Interviews
Unknown eligibility also includes a proportion of unallocated cases.

Ineligible addresses also include a proportion of unallocated cases
96
Appendix B: The Questions


ASK
ALWAYS:
Intro
Now I'd like to ask you some questions about a completely different subject.
(1)
ASK
Press <1> to Continue
ALWAYS:
M130_1
SHOWCARD X1
This next question asks you about causes of death.
Which of these do you think causes the most deaths before the age of 65 in the UK each year?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
ASK
Road accidents
Accidents at work
AIDS
Smoking
Murder and manslaughter
Illicit drugs
Alcohol misuse
ALWAYS:
M130_2
I'm now going to ask you some questions about smoking.
Do you smoke cigarettes at all nowadays?
(1)
(2)
ASK
IF:
Yes
No
smoker nowadays
M130_3
How many cigarettes a day do you usually smoke at weekends?
0..200
ASK
IF:
smoker nowadays
M130_4
How many cigarettes a day do you usually smoke on weekdays?
0..200
97

ASK
IF:
smoker nowadays
M130_5
Do you usually smoke packeted cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes or both?
Interviewer: If respondent says both - prompt 'Is that mainly packeted or mainly hand-rolled
cigarettes?'
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ASK
IF:
Packeted
Hand-rolled
Both packeted and hand-rolled, but mainly packeted
Both packeted and hand-rolled, but mainly hand-rolled
not smoker nowadays
M130_6
Have you ever smoked cigarettes regularly?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF: not smoker nowadays

AND: ever smoked regularly
M130_7
About how many cigarettes a day did you smoke when you smoked regularly?
0..200
ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_8
Do you smoke at least one cigar of any kind per month nowadays?
(1)
(2)
ASK
IF:
Yes
No
Ask men only
M130_9
Do you smoke a pipe at all nowadays?
(1)
(2)
ASK
IF:
Yes
No
smokes cigarettes nowadays
M130_10
How soon after waking do you smoke your first cigarette of the day?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Less than 5 minutes

5-14 minutes
15-29 minutes
2 hours or more
98

ASK
IF:
smokes nowadays - cigarettes, cigars, or pipe
M130_11
Would you like to give up smoking?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF: smokes
AND: like
nowadays - cigarettes, cigars, or pipe

to give up
M130_12
How much would you like to give up smoking, ...
Interviewer: Running Prompt
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ASK
A little,
a fair amount,
quite a lot,
or very much indeed?
IF: smokes
AND: like

to give up
M130_13
SHOWCARD X13
What are your main reasons for wanting to give up?
SET [3] OF
(1)
Because of a health problem I have at present
(2)
Better for my health in general
(3)
Less risk of getting smoking related illnesses
(4)
Doctor said I should stop
(5)
Ban on smoking in enclosed public places
(6)
Family/friends wanted me to stop
(7)
Financial reasons (can't afford it)
(8)
Pregnancy
(9)
Worried about the effect on my children
(10)
Other (Specify)
ASK
IF: smokes nowadays - cigarettes,

AND: like to give up
AND: q13oth IN M130_13
cigars, or pipe
Spec13
Please specify other reasons
STRING[200]
99

ASK
IF:
M130_14
Which of the following statements best describes you....
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
IF:
I intend to give up smoking within the next month,

I intend to give up smoking within the next 6 months,
I intend to give up smoking within the next year,
I intend to give up smoking, but not in the next year,
I have no intention of giving up smoking?
M130_14a
Have you ever tried to give up?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF: smokes
AND: Has

tried to give up
M130_15
Have you made a serious attempt to give up smoking in the last five years, that is since
^QSetUP.THISMTH ^QSetUP.YEAR5?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF: smokes nowadays - cigarettes,

AND: Has tried to give up
AND: Serious attempt to give up
cigars, or pipe
in last 5 years
M130_15a
Have you tried to give up in the last 12 months?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF: smokes nowadays - cigarettes, cigars,

AND: Has tried to give up
AND: Serious attempt to give up in last
AND: Tried to give up in last year
or pipe
5 years
M130_15b
How many times have you tried to give up smoking in the last year?
1..50
100

ASK
IF: smokes
AND: Has

tried to give up
M130_15c
Thinking about the last time you attempted to give up, how long did this attempt last?
Please record whether years, months or weeks and actually how long at next question
If less than a week record as zero weeks
(1)
(2)
(3)
ASK
years
months
weeks
IF: smokes
AND: Has

tried to give up
INT15
How many years/months/weeks was this?
Ask or code the number here
0..99
ASK
IF:
M130_15d
May I just check, have you succeeded in stopping smoking for more than a day in the last 12
months?
(1)
(2)
ASK
IF:
Yes
No
(M130_2 = Yes) AND (M130_15d = Yes)
M130_15eM
Why did you start smoking again after the last time you tried to give up? Please give your main
reasons.
Interviewer: Code all that apply
SET [8] OF
(1)
(2)
My friends smoke
(3)
(4)
(5)
Missed the habit/something to do with my hands
(6)
Put on weight
(7)
I like smoking
(8)
Other (Specify)
ASK
IF: (M130_2
AND: Other
= Yes) AND (M130_15d = Yes)

IN M130_15eM
SPEC15eM
Record other reason
STRING[255]
101

ASK
IF:
((M130_2 = Yes) AND (M130_11 = Yes)) AND (M130_15d = No)
M130_15fM
Why do you think you haven't succeeded in stopping smoking or why haven't you tried to give
up in the last 12 months?
SET [9] OF
(1)
(2)
My friends smoke
(3)
(4)
(5)
Would miss the habit/something to do with my hands
(6)
Worried about putting on weight
(7)
I like smoking too much
(8)
Lack of commitment to quitting
(9)
Other (Specify)
ASK
IF: ((M130_2
AND: Other
= Yes) AND (M130_11 = Yes)) AND (M130_15d = No)

IN M130_15fM
SPEC15f
Record other reason
STRING[255]
ASK
IF:
has given up smoking
(NOV FEB MARCH ONLY)
M130_18
How long ago is it since you stopped smoking cigarettes?
Interviewer: Please record whether years, months or weeks and actually how long at next
question
(1)
(2)
(3)
ASK
IF:
years
months
weeks
INT18
How many years/months/weeks ago was this?
Ask or code the number here
0..99
102

ASK
IF:
M130_21
SHOWCARD X13
What were your main reasons for wanting to give up smoking cigarettes?
SET [3] OF
(1)
Because of a health problem I have at present
(2)
Better for my health in general
(3)
Less risk of getting smoking related illnesses
(4)
Doctor said I should stop
(5)
Ban on smoking in enclosed public places
(6)
Family/friends wanted me to stop
(7)
Financial reasons (can't afford it)
(8)
Pregnancy
(9)
Worried about the effect on my children
(10)
Other (Specify)
ASK
IF: has given

AND: q13oth
up smoking
IN M130_21
Spec21
Please specify other reasons
STRING[200]
ASK
ALWAYS:
m130_21a
A year from now, how likely do you think it is that you will be smoking?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK

smokes now (SEP NOV FEB MARCH)
IF:
or if gave up less than 5 years ago (FEB MARCH ONLY)
M130_22a
In the last 5 years, have you been given advice on smoking by your GP?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
M130_22b
In the last 5 years, have you been given advice on smoking by someone else who works at the
surgery or health centre?
(1)
(2)
Yes
No
103

ASK
IF:
M130_22c
In the last 5 years, have you been given advice on smoking by a pharmacist?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
M130_22e
In the last 5 years, have you been given advice on smoking by a consultant or a hospital doctor?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
M130_22d
In the last 5 years, have you been given advice on smoking by any other health professional?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:

AND: M130_22d = Yes
SPEC22d
Please specify who the other medical person was
STRING[200]
ASK
IF:

AND: any advice given by GP or any other relevant person
M130_23
And may I just check, was the advice you received part of general health advice or was it
connected with a particular health problem you were concerned about?
(1)
(2)
(3)
General advice
Particular health problem
Both
104

ASK
IF:

M130_24
(On any of these occasions) Did you have a discussion about giving up smoking, or were you
just given something to take away and read?
Interviewer: If both code 1 for discussion
(1)
(2)
ASK
Discussion
Literature only
IF:

M130_25
Did you find the advice helpful?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
or if gave up less than 5 years ago (NOV FEB MARCH ONLY)
M130_25a
Have you in the past year done any of the following....
Rung the NHS Smoking Helpline, Quitline, or an alternative?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
M130_25b
(Have you in the past year....)
Asked the doctor or other health professionals for help to quit?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Yes
No
IF:
M130_25c
(Have you in the past year ....)
Been referred/self referred to a stop smoking group/clinic/ service?
(1)
(2)
Yes
No
105

ASK
IF:
M130_25M
SHOWCARD X25
(Have you in the past year.....)
Had any Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), such as gums, patches, inhalator, or other drugs
designed to help people quit smoking? Please choose your answers from the card.
SET [5] OF
(1)
I have been prescribed Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and my prescription
was free
(2)
I have been prescribed Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and paid for my
prescription (including
by pre-payment certificate)
(3)
I have been given free Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) (i.e. from an NHS
smoking cessation
clinic), without a prescription
(4)
I have bought Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) over the counter, without a
prescription
(5)
I have been prescribed other drugs to help me stop smoking, with or without
NRT(please specify)
(6)
I have not had any NRT, or other prescribed drugs, to help me stop smoking
ASK
IF:

AND: OthDrug IN M130_25M
Spec25M
Please specify 'Other prescribed drugs'
STRING[200]
ASK
IF:
M130_25f
(Have you in the past year ....)
Read any leaflets/booklets on how to stop smoking?
(1)
(2)
ASK
IF:
Yes
No
Smokes nowadays
M130_25g
During the last year has anybody been trying to get you to quit smoking?
(1)
(2)
Yes
No
106

ASK
IF: Smokes nowadays

AND: M130_25g = Yes
M13025hM
Who has been trying to get you to quit smoking?
SET [7] OF
(1)
Partner/spouse
(2)
Parents
(3)
Children
(4)
Sibling
(5)
Friend
(6)
Work mate
(7)
Other
ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_31
Do you think the government should increase the tax on cigarettes ...
Running Prompt
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ASK
much more than the rate of inflation,

just above the rate of inflation,
only in line with inflation,
or, not at all?
ALWAYS:
M130_44
SHOWCARD X31
Which statement best describes the rules on smoking inside your home. Please think about if
and where smoking is allowed rather than who is allowed to smoke?
ASK
(1)
(2)
(3)

Smoking is allowed in some rooms or at some times
(4)
Don't know(Spontaneous Only)
ALWAYS:
M130_32A
Do you think that living with someone who smokes does, or does not, increase a child's risk of...
asthma?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_32b
(Do you think that living with someone who smokes does, or does not, increase a child's risk
of...)
ear infections?
(1)
(2)
Increases risk
107

ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_32c
of...)
diabetes?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_32d
of...)
cot death?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_32e
of...)
chest infections?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_32f
of...)
other infections?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_33a
Do you think that breathing someone else's smoke increases the risk of a non-smoker getting...
asthma?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_33b
(Do you think that breathing someone else's smoke increases the risk of a non-smoker getting...)
lung cancer?
(1)
(2)
Increases risk
108

ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_33c
diabetes?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_33d
heart disease?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_33e
bronchitis?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_33f
coughs and colds?
(1)
(2)
ASK
Increases risk
ALWAYS:
M130_42
SHOWCARD X42
Smoking is now no longer allowed in enclosed public places and workplaces by law. What is
your opinion on the legislation which made all enclosed public places and workplaces, including
pubs, smokefree?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
109

ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_34a
SHOWCARD X34
How far do you agree or disagree with the restrictions on smoking
at work?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
IF:
Agree strongly
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree/don't mind
Disagree
Disagree strongly
currently working
M130_35
SHOWCARD X35
What sort of restrictions are there on smoking where you work in addition to enclosed public
places?
(1)
(2)
(3)
ASK
No smoking in enclosed places in accordance with the smoke-free law

No smoking at all on the premises, including the grounds
Don't work in a building with other people
ALWAYS:
M130_34b
SHOWCARD X34
(How far do you agree or disagree with the ban on smoking...)
in restaurants?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
ALWAYS:
M130_34c
SHOWCARD X34
in pubs?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
110

ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_34e
SHOWCARD X34
in indoor shopping centres?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
ALWAYS:
M130_34f
SHOWCARD X34
in indoor sports and leisure centres?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
ALWAYS:
M130_34g
SHOWCARD X34
in indoor areas at railway and bus stations?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
ALWAYS:
M130_34d
SHOWCARD X34
in public places such as banks and post offices?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
111

ASK
ALWAYS:
M130_35a
SHOWCARD X34
(How far do you agree or disagree with the restrictions on smoking...)
in places where there are, or are likely to be, children under the age of 16?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
ALWAYS:
M130_43
Before the smoking restriction came into place in pubs, did you visit them...
ASK
(1)
(2)
(3)
More often than you do nowadays,

Less often than you do nowadays,
Or about the same as you do nowadays?
(4)
Don't go to pubs (Spontaneous Only)
IF:
Smoker
M130_36
If you are in a room with adults who don't smoke, do you .....
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ASK
Smoke the same number of cigarettes as usual

Or do you not smoke at all?
Other
IF: Smoker
AND: M130_36
= Q36Oth
SPEC36
Specify 'Other'
STRING[200]
ASK
IF:
Smoker
M130_37
And if you are in a room with children, do you ......
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Smoke the same number of cigarettes as usual

Or do you not smoke at all?
Other
112

ASK
IF: Smoker
AND: M130_37
= Q36Oth
SPEC37
Specify 'Other'
STRING[200]
ASK
IF:

AND: Parent of child
M130_37a
How likely, if at all, do you think it is that your smoking will influence whether or not the
children in this household become smokers?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ASK
Very likely
Fairly likely
Fairly unlikely
Very unlikely
ALWAYS:
M130_45
SHOWCARD X45
The age of sale for tobacco products was increased from 16 to 18 in October 2007. How far do
you agree or disagree with this change in legislation?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASK
IF:
Agree strongly
Agree
Disagree
Disagree strongly
Non smoker
(FEB MARCH ONLY)
M130_38
In general, do you mind if other people smoke near you, or not?
(1)
(2)
(3)
ASK
Yes
No
It depends
IF: Non smoker

AND: M130_38
(FEB MARCH ONLY)

= Q38DEP
SPEC38
Please specify 'it depends'
STRING[200]
113

ASK
IF: Non smoker

AND: Minds if
(FEB MARCH ONLY)

others smoke near them
M13039M
Why is that?
SET [9] OF
(1)
Affects my breathing/makes my asthma worse
(2)
Makes me cough
(3)
Gives me a headache
(4)
Makes my clothes smell
(5)
Gets in my eyes
(6)
Unpleasant smell
(7)
Makes me feel sick
(8)
Bad for my health
(9)
Other
ASK
IF: Non smoker

(FEB MARCH ONLY)
AND: Minds if others smoke near them
AND: Q39Oth IN M13039M
SPEC39
Please specify 'other'
STRING[200]
114
Appendix C: Bibliography/reference
Previous reports in the Opinions smoking series
Smoking-related behaviour and attitudes. Fiona Dawe and Eileen Goddard. TSO
(1997)
Smoking-related behaviour and attitudes, 1997. Stephanie Freeth. Office for
National Statistics (1998)
Smoking Related Behaviour and Attitudes, 1999. Deborah Lader and Howard
Meltzer. Office for National Statistics (2000)
Meltzer. Office for National Statistics (2001)
Meltzer. Office for National Statistics (2001) Also available online at
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/Smoking_Related_2001.pdf
Meltzer. Office for National Statistics (2003) Also available online at
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/Smoking_Related_2002.pdf
Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2003. Deborah Lader and Eileen
Goddard. Office for National Statistics (2004) Also available online at
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistic
s/DH_4085157
Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2004. Deborah Lader and Eileen
Goddard. Office for National Statistics (2005) Also available online at
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistic
s/DH_4114728
Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2005. Tamara Taylor, Deborah Lader,
Aimee Bryant, Laura Keyse, McDuff Theodore Joloza. Office for National Statistics
(2006)
Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2006. Deborah Lader. Office for National
Statistics (2007)
Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2007. Deborah Lader. Office for National
Statistics (2008)
All available online at http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=1638
Other relevant publications

Department of Health (1998) Smoking Kills. A White Paper on Tobacco, TSO:
London. Also available online at: http://www.archive.officialdocuments.co.uk/document/cm41/4177/contents.htm
Department of Health (2004) Choosing Health: Making healthier choices easier. A
public health white paper TSO: London. Also available online at:
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyA
ndGuidance/DH_4094550
Department of Health (2000) The NHS Cancer Plan TSO: London. Also available
online at:
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyA
ndGuidance/DH_4009609
Department of Health (2004) Spending review 2004 Public Service Agreement
TSO: London. Technical note available online at
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/08/69/19/04086919.pdf
115
Department of Health (2001) Priorities and Planning Framework (PPF) for 2003-06
"Improvement, Expansion and reform: the next three years" TSO: London. Also
available online at
Goddard E (2008) General Household Survey: Smoking and Drinking among
adults, 2006. Available online at
Robinson S and Lader D (2009) General Household Survey: Smoking and Drinking
among adults, 2007. Available online at
116

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Opinions Survey Report No.

A report on research using the National Statistics

ISSN 978 1 85774 687 7

Copyright and reproduction

Crown copyright 2009

National Statistics are produced to high professional

Sector Information (OPSI)

standards set out in the Code of Practice for Official

You may use this publication (excluding logos) free of

charge in any format for research, private study or

is used accurately and not in a misleading context.

The Office for National Statistics

copyright and you must give the title of the source

The Director of ONS is also the National

Other customer and media enquiries

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

4: Attempts to give up smoking .............................................................................30

5: Awareness of health issues related to smoking................................................. 52

6: Attitudes related to smoking .............................................................................66

7: Views about restrictions on smoking in public.................................................. 80

Appendix A: The NS Opinions Survey ....................................................................94

Appendix B: The Questions..................................................................................... 97

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Conventions and symbols

Office for National Statistics

Smoking-related Behaviour and Attitudes, 2008/09

Office for National Statistics

16 per cent of smokers reported that they smoked their first

Giving up smoking (Chapter 3)

The percentage of current smokers who said they would like to

Overall, 83 per cent of smokers who wanted to give up mentioned

Smokers who had made a serious attempt to give up smoking in

Attempts to give up smoking (Chapter 4)

Three-quarters (75 per cent) of current smokers had tried to give

Just under a quarter (23 per cent) of ex-smokers had given up

Office for National Statistics

Awareness of health risks associated with smoking (Chapter 5)

Forty four per cent of people thought that smoking was

Awareness of the effects of second-hand smoking was widespread.

Over 80 per cent thought that second-hand smoking would

Attitudes related to smoking (Chapter 6)

The percentage of smokers who would not smoke at all in front of

The majority of smokers said they would modify their smoking in

Views on smoking restrictions in public places (Chapter 7)

In 2008/09, the vast majority of those interviewed agreed with

Office for National Statistics

Office for National Statistics

people's awareness of the effect of smoking and second-hand

attitudes towards smoking, tobacco advertising and smoking

Targets relating to the prevalence of smoking are monitored by other

Details can be found in Appendix B The Questions

2007 * 2007 2008/09