Reg. No.

:
B.E. - INTERNAL EXAMINATION II, SEPTEMBER 2014
Semester
: FIFTH
Department: Mech
Subject Code & Title : ME 2301 THERMAL ENGINEERING
Date: 23.09.2014
Time
: 3 hours
Maximum: 100 marks
Answer ALL questions
Part A (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
1. What are the various types of nozzles and their function?
2. Define nozzle efficiency and critical pressure ratio.
3. What are the effects of super saturation in a steam nozzle?
4. What are the different methods of governing steam turbines?
5. (i)What is supersaturated flow? (ii)Define degree of reaction.
6. Classify the various types of air compressors.
7. Indicate the application of reciprocating compressors in industry.
8. What are the advantages of multistage compression with intercooling over single stage compression
for the same pressure ratio?
9. Give the expression for the work done for two-stage compression with perfect intercooling.
10. Give two merits of rotary compressor over reciprocating compressor.
Part B (5 x 16 = 80 marks)
11. (a) Steam at a pressure of 15 bar saturated is discharged through a convergent divergent nozzle to
a back pressure of 0.2 bar. The mass flow rate is 9 kg/kW-hr, if the power developed is 220 kW,
determine number nozzles required if each nozzle has a throat of rectangular cross section of 4mm x
8mm. If 12% of overall isentropic enthalpy drop occurs in the divergent portion due to friction, find
the cross section of the exit rectangle?
Or
(b) (i) Derive an expression for maximum mass flow rate through convergent divergent nozzle for
steam

(12)
(ii) Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 10bar and is discharged to a

pressure of 1.5bar.if the dryness fraction of the discharged steam is 0.95 what will be final velocity of
steam? Neglect initial velocity of steam.

(4)

12. (a) (i)Steam at a pressure of 15 bar with 50 C of superheat is allowed to expand through a
convergent-divergent nozzle. The exit pressure is 1 bar. If the nozzle is required to supply 2 kg/sec. of
steam to the turbine, then calculate
(i) The velocities at throat and exit.
(ii) Areas at throat and exit Assume 10% frictional loss in divergent part only and percentage taken as
% of, total heat drop.

(10+6)

(ii) Derive an expression for the critical pressure ratio in terms of the index of expansion.
Or
(b) Steam enters the blade of an impulse turbine with a velocity of 600m/s at an angle of 25 0 to the
plane of rotation of the blades. The mean blade speed is 250m/s.The blade angle at the exit side is30 0
.the blade friction loss is 10%. Determine (I) The blade angle at inlet (ii) The work done per kg of
steam (iii) The diagram efficiency (iv) The axial thrust per kg of steam per sec.

(16)

13. (a) Find the efficiency of the prime mover operating on the Rankine cycle between 7bar and 1 bar
for the following initial conditions.

(a) The steam has a dryness fraction of 0.8

(b) The steam is dry and saturated and
(c) The steam is superheated to 3500c.
Draw the T-s diagram for each case .Neglect the pump work.

(16)

Or
(b) (i) Explain with the help of neat sketch the principle of operation of a reciprocating air
compressor.

(8+8)

(ii) With the help of neat sketch explain the principle of operation of a centrifugal compressor.
14. (a) (i)Derive an expression for the minimum work required for a two-stage reciprocating air
compressor with perfect intercooling.

(8)

(ii) A two-stage air compressor compresses air from 1bar and 20 0 c to 42bar .if the law of
compression pv1.35 =constant and the intercooling is perfect. Find per kg of air 1.The work done in
compression, 2.the mass of cooling water necessary for abstracting the heat in the intercooler, if the
temperature rise of cooling water is 250 c.

(8)
Or

(b) (i) A single acting single stage compressor is belt driven from an electric motor at 400rpm.the
cylinder diameter is 15cm and the

stroke 17.5cm.the air is compressed from 1bar to 7bar and the

1.3

law of compression pv =constant. Find the power of the motor, if transmission efficiency is 97% and
the mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 90%neglect clearance effects.

(8)

(ii) 2kg/s of air enters the LP cylinder of 2-stage compressor. The overall pressure ratio is 9:1
the air at inlet to the compressor is at 100kpa and 35 0 c. the index of compression in each cylinder
is 1.3. Find the intercooler pressure for perfect intercooling. Also, find the minimum power
required for compression and percentage of power saved over single stage compression.

(8)

15.(a) (i) Derive an expression for volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor.

(ii) The free air delivery of a single cylinder single stage reciprocating air compressor is
3

2.5m /min. The ambient air is at STP conditions and delivery pressure is 7 bar. The clearance
volume is 5% of the stroke volume and law of compression and expansion is pV
and compressor runs at 150rpm, determine the size of the cylinders.

1.25

=C. If L=1.2D
(6+10)

Or
(b) (i) A two stage air compressor compresses air from 1 bar and 20C to 42 bar. If the law of
compression is pv1.3= constant and the inter cooling is perfect. Find per kg of air
(i) The work done in compression
(ii) The mass of cooling water necessary for abstracting the heat in the intercooler, if the temperature
rise of the cooling water is 25C.

(8)

(ii) Explain with suitable sketches the working of two stage air compressor with actual p-v
diagram.

(8)
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