Chapter

Program Library
1
2
3
4
5

Prime Factor Analysis

Greatest Common Measure
t-Test Value
Circle and Tangents
Rotating a Figure

Before using the Program Library

Be sure to check how many bytes of unused memory is remaining before attempting to perform any programming.
This Program Library is divided into two sections: a numeric
calculation section and a graphics section. Programs in the
numeric calculation section produce results only, while graphics
programs use the entire display area for graphing. Also note
that calculations within graphics programs do not use the
multiplication sign () wherever it can be dropped (i.e. in front of
open parenthesis).

22

PROGRAM SHEET
Program for

No.

Prime Factor Analysis

Description
Produces prime factors of arbitrary positive integers
For 1 < m < 1010
Prime numbers are produced from the lowest value first. END is displayed at the
end of the program.
(Overview)
m is divided by 2 and by all successive odd numbers (d = 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ....) to
check for divisibility.
Where d is a prime factor, mi = mi1/d is assumed, and division is repeated until
mi + 1 < d.

Example

[1]
119 = 7 17
[2]
440730 = 2 3 3 5 59 83
[3]
262701 = 3 3 17 17 101

Preparation and operation

Store the program written on the next page.
Execute the program as shown below.

Step Key operation

412

Display

Step Key operation

Display

No.

Line
File
name

1
2
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9
10
11

Program
P
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl
Goto
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl
Lbl

R
0
1
2
3
4
6
5
6
7
8
9

M
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

F
" M
2 ^
Frac (
A
B I
B
A
B
A
"

A C
" ?
A
A
+ 1
C

2
2

Goto

+ 2 B
B B
^ A B
^
E N D "

A : Goto
A :
) = 0
C :
8 : Frac

2 :
A = 1 Goto 9 :
Goto 1 : 3 B
(

: Goto 4 :
A = 0 Goto 7
A : Goto 3 :

: Goto 5

^ Goto 0

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Memory Contents

27

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

mi
d
mi +1

H
I
J
K
L
M
N

O
P
Q
R
S
T
U

V
W
X
Y
Z

413

PROGRAM SHEET
Program for

No.

Greatest Common Measure

Description
Euclidean general division is used to determine the greatest common measure for two
interers a and b.
For |a|, |b| < 109, positive values are taken as < 1010
(Overview)
n0 = max (|a|, |b|)
n1 = min (|a|, |b|)

nk2 nk1
nk = nk2
nk1
k = 2, 3....
If nk = 0, then the greatest common measure (c) will be nk1.

Example

[1]
When a = 238
b = 374

c = 34

[2]

[3]

a = 23345
b = 9135

a = 522952
b = 3208137866

c = 1015

c = 998

Preparation and operation

Store the program written on the next page.
Execute the program as shown below.

Step Key operation

414

Display

Step Key operation

Display

No.

Line
File
name

1
2
3
4
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8

Program
C
Lbl
Abs
B
A
Lbl
C
B
Lbl

M N
F A C T
1 : " A " ? A
A A : Abs B B
< A Goto 2 :
C : B A : C
2 : () ( lnt ( A
= 0 Goto 3 :
A : C B : Goto
3 : B ^ Goto 1

"

"

? B

B
B )

:
:

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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22
23
24
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26

Memory Contents

27

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

a, n0
b, n1
nk

H
I
J
K
L
M
N

O
P
Q
R
S
T
U

V
W
X
Y
Z

415

PROGRAM SHEET
Program for

No.

t-Test Value

Description
The mean (sample mean) and sample standard deviation can be used to obtain a t-test
value.

t = (x m)
x

n1

Example

x
xn1
n
m

: mean of x data
: sample standard deviation of x data
: number of data items
: hypothetical population standard deviation (normally
represented by , but m is used here because of variable
name limitations)

To determine whether the population standard deviation for sample data 55, 54, 51,
55, 53, 53, 54, 52, is 53.
Perform a t-test with a level of significance of 5%.

Preparation and operation

Store the program written on the next page.
Execute the program as shown below.

Step Key operation

Display

Step Key operation

Display

The above operation produces a t-test value of t(53) = 0.7533708035. According to the t-distribution
table in the next page, a level of significance of 5% and a degree of freedom of 7 (n 1 = 8 1 = 7)
produce a two-sided t-test value of approximately 2.365. Since the calculated t-test value is lower
than the table value, the hypothesis that population mean m equals 53 is accepted.

416

No.

Line
File
name

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6

Memory Contents

Program

T
{
5
l-Var
Lbl
(
"
Goto

5
4
List
0
x
T
0

T
5
,
1
:

E
,
5
,
"
M
"

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

S T
5 4 , 5
2 } List
1 _
M " ?
) ( xn1
: T ^

H
I
J
K
L
M
N

1 , 5
1 _
M _

O
P
Q
R
S
T
U

T _

V
W
X
Y
Z
t

t-distribution table
The values in the top row of the table show the probability (two-sided
probability) that the absolute value of t is greater than the table values
for a given degree of freedom.
P (Probability)
Degree
of Freedom

M :aM
T :aT

0.2

0.1

0.05

0.01

1
2
3
4
5

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032

6
7
8
9
10

1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372

1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812

2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228

3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169

15
20
25
30
35

1.341
1.325
1.316
1.310
1.306

1.753
1.725
1.708
1.697
1.690

2.131
2.086
2.060
2.042
2.030

2.947
2.845
2.787
2.750
2.724

40
45
50
60
80

1.303
1.301
1.299
1.296
1.292

1.684
1.679
1.676
1.671
1.664

2.021
2.014
2.009
2.000
1.990

2.704
2.690
2.678
2.660
2.639

120
240

1.289
1.285
1.282

1.658
1.651
1.645

1.980
1.970
1.960

2.617
2.596
2.576

417

PROGRAM SHEET
Program for

No.

Circle and Tangents

Description
Formula for circle:
x2 + y2 = r2

Y
A
(x',y')

Formula for tangent line passing

through point A (x', y'):
y y' = m (x x')

r
0

* m represents the slope of

the tangent line

With this program, slope m and intercept b (= y' mx') are obtained for lines drawn from
point A (x', y') and are tangent to a circle with a radius of r. The trace function is used to read
out the coordinates at the points of tangency, and factor zoom is used to enlarge the graph.

Example
To determine m and b for the following values:
r =1
x' = 3
y' = 2

Notes
The point plotted for A cannot be moved. Even if it is moved on the graph, the calculation is
performed using the original value.
An error occurs when r = x'.
Be sure to always perform a trace operation whenever you select trace and the message
TRACE is on the display.

Preparation and operation

Memory Contents

Store the program written on the next page.

Execute the program as shown below.

418

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

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N

O
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U

V
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X
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No.

Line
File
name

Program

11

T
Prog
"
R
Prog
"
X
"
Plot
R
(
Lbl

12

Graph Y=

13

22

"
"
Lbl
"
Y
N
1
Z
Lbl
(

23

Graph Y=

24

"
"
Lbl
"
Y
N
2
Z
Lbl
"
"

1
2
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4
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6
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9
10

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A N G
" W I
X x2 +
= " ?
" C I
( X ,
= " ?
Y = "
A , B
x2 ( A
P
6 _
M ( X
M = "
B = "
0 _
T R A
E S
O 0
S :
= 0
2 _
() A B
N ( X
M = "
B = "
5 _
T R A
E S
O 0
S :
= 0
1 _
T R A
Factor N
:

E
N
Y

R
Y

?
^
x2
A

N
D
x2
R
C
)
A

T
O
=
_
L
_
_
B

+
B

B
)

x2
(

:
:

A ) +
M ^
B M

C
1
"
Z
Goto

:
:

E
_
:
=
2

W
R

" _
x2 _

"

R x2
x2

)
A

P _
x2 ) x1 M _

B ^
A ^

? _
? Z _
1 Goto 1 _
: Goto 0 _

P )
A ) +
N ^
B N

C
1
"
Z
Goto

E
_
:
=
3

? _

C
N

E
=

"
"

( R x2
B ^

x2

x1 N _

A ^

? Z _
1 Goto 1 _
: Goto 5 _
^
?

Factor

F _
419

No.

Line
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

Program
Prog "
S =
Graph Y= N
Goto 3
Lbl 9
Graph Y= M
Prog "
: Goto
Lbl 3
" E

C
2
(
_
_
(
W
6
_
N

R
Graph Y=

X
I N
_

C
M
A

L
(
)

"

I N
() 6
1 , 1

D
.

O W
3 , 6

File
name

Graph Y=

C
R
(

x2

File
name

View
Window

420

Graph Y=

I
()

R
(

E
X
+

A ) +
D O W

44

" : S
A )
B ^

=
+

B ^
" : Prog "

X x2
X

_
)

1 Goto 9 _
B _

"

() 3

Program for

Step

Circle and Tangents

Key Operation

No.

4
Display

421

Program for

Step

10

422

Circle and Tangents

Key Operation

No.

4
Display

Program for

Step

Circle and Tangents

Key Operation

No.

4
Display

11

12

13

14

15

423

Program for

Step

16

17

18

424

Circle and Tangents

Key Operation

No.

4
Display

PROGRAM SHEET
Program for

No.

Rotating a Figure

Description
Formula for coordinate transformation:
(x, y) (x', y')

x' = x cos y sin

y' = x sin + y cos
C(x3, y3)
B(x2, y2)

A(x1, y1)
0

Graphing of rotation of any geometric figure by degrees.

Example
To rotate by 45 the triangle defined by points A (2, 0.5), B (6, 0.5), and C (5, 1.5)

Notes
Use the cursor keys to move the pointer around the display.
To interrupt program execution, press A while the graphic screen is on the display.
The triangle cannot be drawn if the result of the coordinate transformation operation
exceeds View Window parameters.

Preparation and operation

Memory Contents

Store the program written on the next page.

Execute the program as shown below.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

x1
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x'1

H
I
J
K
L
M
N

y'1
x'2
y'2
x'3
y'3

O
P
Q
R
S
T
U

V
W
X
Y
Z

425

No.

Line

Program

File
name

View
Window

2
3
4
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426

.
"
X
"
Plot
X
"
X
"
Plot
X
"
X
"
Plot
X
Lbl
Line
"
A
A
Plot
C
C
Plot
E
E
Plot
Plot
Cls

O
()
4
(
1
Y
A

(
2
Y
C

(
3
Y
E

1
:
A
cos
sin
G
cos
sin
I
cos
sin
K
G
:

T
0
,
X
=
1
,
A
X
=
2
,
C
X
=
3
,
E
_
Plot
N
Q
Q
,
Q
Q
,
Q
Q
,
,
Plot

A T E
. 4 , 1 2 . 2
1 : Deg _
1 , Y 1 ) _
" ? A _
= " ? B _
B ^
: Y B _
2 , Y 2 ) _
" ? C _
= " ? D _
D ^
: Y D _
3 , Y 3 ) _
" ? E _
= " ? F _
F ^
: Y F _
A , B : Line
G L E : Deg
B sin Q
+ B cos Q
H _
D sin Q
+ D cos Q
J : Line _
F sin Q
+ F cos Q
L : Line _
H : Line ^
C , D : Plot

: Plot C , D
" ? Q _
G _
H _

() 0

: Line ^

I _
J _
K _
L _

: Goto 1

Program for

Step

Rotating a Figure
Key Operation

No.

5
Display

427

Program for

Step

Rotating a Figure
Key Operation

(Locate the pointer at X = 5)

10

Continue, repeating from step 8.

428

No.

5
Display