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Current Measurement
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Current Measurement
Published by
DIgSILENT GmbH, Germany
Copyright 2009. All rights
reserved. Unauthorised copying
or publishing of this or any part
of this document is prohibited.
TechRef StaImea V1
Build 337 05.05.2009
Current Measurement
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 RMS EQUATIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Balanced .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Unbalanced ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 EMT EQUATIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 INPUT/OUTPUT DEFINITION OF DYNAMIC MODELS ........................................................................................... 7
2.1 STABILITY MODEL (RMS)............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 EMT MODEL .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3 INPUT PARAMETER DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................ 9
Current Measurement
1 General Description
1 General Description
The current measurement device can be used to measure the current flow at a cubicle of any element, which is connected to a
terminal/busbar. The measured current can then be fed for example into a controller. The reference Measurement Location
defines the cubicle at which the current is measured. If no measurement location is set, the current measurement element
should be placed inside a cubicle, which then defines automatically the measurement point.
The direction (sign) of the current flow is depending on the element and its connection point. For loads, motors or passive
elements (lines, transformers, etc.) the current flow is always defined in the direction of the active power flow in load
orientation. This means the current is always flowing out of the terminal into the element. For sources, e.g. generators, external
network, current and voltage sources, etc. the current and thus the power flow is in generator orientation and thus out of the
element in the direction of the connected bus.
The current output is depending on the current rating setting, which can be defined for the current measurement. The current
output can be based on:
Rated currents correspond to rated RMS currents. Real and imaginary part of the positive sequence currents are related to the
reference angle (rotor angle of the reference machine).
The measurement device is mostly used in combination with controller models. In PowerFactory it is possible to use a different
simulation algorithm, the so-called A-stable integration algorithm, for parts of the network. If an element and its controller
models are using this A-stable integration algorithm, the connected measurement device should also use this algorithm, thus
the flag iAstabint on the RMS-simulation page should be selected.
1.1.1 Balanced
Calculation of the current magnitude from real and imaginary part of the current for balanced RMS simulation:
i = ir2 + ii2
Current Measurement
(1)
1 General Description
1.1.2 Unbalanced
i, ii and ir are positive sequence currents. The current magnitude for unbalanced RMS simulation is calculated as follows:
3-phase system:
1
1
1
3
3
ib + j
ic
ia + + j
2
3
2
2
2
ir = Re{i}
i=
(2)
ii = Im{i}
2-phase system:
i=
1
(ia + ib )
2
(3)
Single-phase system:
i = ia
(4)
DC system:
ir = ia
(5)
ii = 0
Hence, the output of RMS- and EMT-simulation is compatible, which is important for models that shall be used in both
simulation modes.
The zero-sequence is neglected in the transformation. i is corresponding to the output ir and i to the output ii of the current
measurement device. For 2-phase systems an analogous transformation is used.
The output currents for EMT simulation are calculated as follows:
Current Measurement
1 General Description
3-phase system:
1
(2 ia ib ic )
3
1
ii = 3 ib 3 ic
3
ir =
(6)
2-phase system:
1
(ia + ib )
2
ii = 0
ir =
(7)
Single-phase system:
ir = ia
ii = 0
(8)
DC system:
ir = ia
ii = 0
(9)
i = ir2 + ii2
Current Measurement
(10)
Figure 1: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for balanced stability analysis (RMS-simulation)
ir_A
ii_A
i
ir_B
ir
ii_B
ii
ir_C
ii_C
Figure 2: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for unbalanced stability analysis (RMSsimulation)
ir_A
ir
Figure 3: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for balanced stability analysis (RMS-simulation)
in DC networks
Current Measurement
Parameter
ir_A
Description
Input Current, Real Part, Phase A
Unit
p.u.
p.u.
p.u.
p.u.
p.u.
p.u.
Parameter
Description
p.u.
Unit
ir
p.u.
ii
p.u.
i_B
ir
i_C
ii
i_A
ir
Figure 5: Input/Output Definition of the current measurement for EMT analysis in DC networks
Current Measurement
Parameter
Description
i_A
Unit
p.u.
p.u.
i_C
p.u.
Parameter
Description
p.u.
Unit
ir
p.u.
ii
p.u.
Description
loc_name
Name
pcubic
i_mode
Inom
iAstabint
Current Measurement
Unit
kA