ABSTRACT

IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION IN LEKRA LITERARY WORK:

ANALYSIS OF NEW HISTORISM OF ANTHOLOGY
GUGUR BAWAH AND LAPORAN DARI BAWAH
This present study was intended to understand the reciprocal relationship
between literary works and non literary text in the reign of President Soekarno, and
focused on the analysis of ideological representation in literary works. The formal
object of the study included the ideological representation, the matters pertaining to
socio-politics, and the reciprocal relationship between literary work and non literary
text. The theory of literature proposed by Marxis and the theory of intertext were
used. The study was qualitatively designed using sociological and historical
approaches. The data were taken from the anthological poems of Gugur Merah and
the anthological short story of Laporan dari Bawah. The two anthologies played an
important role in making the Lekra literary work appear again in the middle of the
Indonesian literature and represented the political movement of the Lekra literature
(1950-1965). The data were also taken from the non literary texts such as Di Bawah
Bendera Revolusi , Volume 2 (Soekarno, 1964) and Tentang Marxisme (Aidit,, 1964a
and Revolusi Indonesia, Latar Belakang Sedjarah dan Haridepannja (Aidit, 1964b).
During the Indonesian Revolution, President Soekarno and D.N. Aidit were
revolutionary figures who placed the constellation of the three angles of strength
(President Soekarno, PKI, and Angkatan Darat the Armed Forces).
The result of the study showed that the poems Gugur Merah, the short stories
Laporan Dari Bawah represented the Marxist ideology through their themes, dictions,
characters, conflicts, and the work structure. The themes of the poems were taken
from the Marxist teaching, that is, the peoples suffering, class awareness, and
socialism. The diction used included the revolutionary slogans which were popular at
that time and full of ideologies and politics. The characters of the short stories
represented the working people (the farmers and laborers as the central pillar of the
Indonesian revolution). The conflict between the oppressed against the oppressor
represented the awareness of and struggle for class. The structure of the plot of the
short stories was materialistic, dialectic and historical.
The matter pertaining to socio-politics presented in the poems and short stories
was based on the Indonesian Revolution; the peoples struggle was led by President
Soekarno and was supported by PKI (the Indonesian Communist Party)in order to
eliminate suffering and create an equitable and prosperous community. This created a
reciprocal relationship between the poems Gugur Merah, the short stories Laporan
dari Bawah and the speech delivered by President Soekarno as well as what was
written by D.N. Aidit.
Based on the view of CC PKI concerning the relationship among literary
work, art and ideology, party (the Indonesian Communist party PKI), and the
establishment of Lekra (Mukadimah, Konsepsi Kebudayaan Rakyat, and the working
combined method 1-5-1), the poems of Gugur Merah, the short stories of Laporan
dari Bawah were part of historical process, in which the literary work was
transformed into the political movement.
Keywords: ideology, Marxism, new historicism, representation,
Indonesian Revolution, Lekra literary work

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