Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
David Tan
Deputy Chief Executive
Energy Market Authority
Agenda
Before Liberalisation
Public Utilities Board (PUB) has been the sole
provider of electricity in Singapore up to 1995.
Infrastructure is built to meet forecasted demand.
Upward pressure on prices has led the Government
to ask whether the industry is as efficient as it is, as
the electricity system continues to grow.
Competition through industry reforms would
encourage companies to be cost-efficient.
Senoko
Jurong
Tuas
Power Ltd
SembCorp
Cogen Pte
Ltd
IPPs
Seraya
PowerGrid Ltd
T&D
System
Operations
Nonfranchised
Sector
Franchised
Consumers
Utilities
Support
Services
Pool
Operations
since Apr 98
Private Electricity
Suppliers
Utilities
Support
Services
Progressive
extension of
competition
Nonfranchised
Sector
Non-franchised
Consumers
Contestable Business
Non-contestable
Business
PowerSeraya
Ltd
ENV
(now NEA)
Tuas Power
Ltd
IPPs
Industry
Regulator
PowerGrid Ltd
System
Operator
T&D
Electricity
Retailers
Market
Operator
Energy Market
Company Pte Ltd
Franchised (Small)
Consumers
Market to be
fully opened
ultimately
Non-franchised (Large
Industrial & Commercial)
Consumers
Electricity Flow
PowerSeraya Ltd
Electricity Transmission
SP PowerAssets Ltd
SP PowerGrid Ltd (as agent to
electricity transmission licensee)
Market Company
SP Services Ltd
Phase II
Phase III
started
Jun 2003
started in
Dec 2003
Being studied
HT consumers
LT consumers
with average
monthly
consumption
exceeding
20,000 kWh
About 5,000
consumers
LT consumers
with average
monthly
consumption
exceeding
10,000 kWh
Another 5,000
contestable
consumers
Remaining one
million
consumers
Electricity
Vending System
PowerSeraya
Ltd
ENV
Tuas Power
Ltd
IPPs
Industry
Regulator
PowerGrid Ltd
System
Operator
T&D
Electricity
Retailers
SP Services Ltd
Market
Operator
Energy Market
Company Pte Ltd
Franchised (Small)
Consumers (1 mil)
Market to be
fully opened
ultimately
Non-franchised (Large
Industrial & Commercial)
Consumers (10,000)
Electricity Flow
5,946 MW
Licensed Generation
Capacity
12,330 MW
Energy Generated
41,138 GWh
System Gross
Efficiency
~ 44%
System Losses
~ 9%
18%
Natural Gas
79%
Others (Incineration,
etc.)
3%
Waste
0.4%
Others
0.5%
Refuse
2.4%
16.5%
Coal
39.6%
Nuclear
15.6%
Biomass
0.9%
Natural
Gas
77.8%
Diesel
0.1%
Orimulsi
on
6.9%
SynGas
0.9%
Fuel Oil
11.9%
Gas
19.5%
Oil
6.7%
Coal
Hydro
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
Singapore
Switzerland
Norway
France
New Zealand
Russia
Netherlands
Japan
Finland
Malaysia
Philippines
Ireland
UK
North Korea
South Korea
Indonesia
Denmark
Germany
USA
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Israel
Australia
South Africa
International Comparison
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
100
90
87.49 88.52
87.46
100
90
80.96 81.23
72.71
60
40
42.84
45.66
42.42
70
60
52.40
50.15
50
80
65.25
64.87
70
77.45
75.73
47.79
49.22
50
40
32.1332.13
30
19.87
20
10
17.21 17.21
17.81 16.56
18.26
18.88
20.52 21.38
22.62 30
20
Pegged Fuel Price
LT Tariff
10
0
Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan01 01 01 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 04 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 06 06 06 06 07 07 07 07 08
Tariff (/kWh)
80
Source: CARMA