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issue 240304
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Revision History
Date
Version
Notes
November
2003
11.5
Revision History-i
Revision History
Revision History-ii
Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.1
2.2
Getting Started..............................................................................................3-1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.3
Contents-i
Contents
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
7.1
7.3
8.1
7.2
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
9.1
9.2
9.3
Contents-ii
Contents
Contents-iii
Contact your systems administrator if you need help in either of these areas.
1-1
Exercise begins:
Bold
Serif italic
Sans-serif
Sans-serif bold
for menu names and options, and for the names of forms.
Typewriter
for text within a form, including text that you enter yourself
using the keyboard.
1.3 Terminology
The following terms are used throughout this guide to describe what action to carry
out:
Enter
Type text into the specified dialogue box, then press the Enter (or
Return) key to confirm the entry.
1-2
Click
Place the mouse pointer over a specified point, then quickly press
and release the designated mouse button. If no button is specified,
use the left-hand mouse button.
Pick
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
1-3
Appendix A
Appendix B
1-4
You can incorporate modifications into your design at any stage without fear of
invalidating any of your prior work, because data-consistency checking is an
integral part of the product. PDMS automatically manages drawing production,
material take-off reports, and so on, by reading all design data directly from a
common set of databases, to prevent errors from being introduced by
transcribing information between different disciplines.
The applications let you check all aspects of your design as work progresses.
This includes on-line interdisciplinary clash detection, so the chances of errors
and inconsistencies reaching the final documented design are reduced to an
exceptionally low level.
The applications are controlled from a graphical user interface. This means that
all design, drawing and reporting operations are initiated by selecting choices
from menus, and by entering data into on-screen forms. For ease of use, pictorial
icons also represent many common actions.
modules
applications
A module is a subdivision of PDMS that you use to carry out specific types of
operation. This guide is concerned with the Design module, which you use for
creating the 3D design model.
An application is a supplementary program that provides operations that are
specific to a particular discipline. The application you will use for structural design
work in this guide is Accessways, Stairs and Ladders (ASL).
2-1
Where possible, the Design applications create and maintain connectivity of the
structural network automatically.
2-2
You can carry out multi-disciplinary clash checks at any stage of the design, thus
avoiding spatial conflicts within the overall model which could be expensive to
rectify at the construction stage. This is particularly important where different
features of the design model are under the control of different designers.
At any stage of your work, you can create reports listing specified data from the
current database. You can specify a standard report template, so you can derive
lists of commonly-required information very quickly, or you can design a oneoff report format to suit special needs. The resultant output, which can include
data from any design discipline, sorted in any way you require, can be either
displayed on your screen or sent to a file (for storage and/or for printing).
3 Getting Started
The first part of this chapter is a reminder of the user interface and principles that
you utilised during previous sessions with Design. The subject matter covered is:
basic information on how to use the mouse and elements of the windows, menus
and forms within the PDMS graphical user interface,
The second part of the chapter introduces aspects specific to ASL. The subject
matter covered is:
On a graphical view, clicking the left-hand button with the pointer over a design
element results in selection of a graphical item or identification of a position in
the 3D model.
The middle mouse button or wheel is used primarily to manipulate the graphical
view contents.
Accessways, Stairs and Ladders Application User Guide
Version 11.6
3-1
Getting Started
The right-hand button is used to access pop-up menu options specific to the item
under the mouse pointer.
Note:
Move the pointer to the right and select Explicit from the resultant submenu.
3-2
text boxes
drop-down lists
option buttons
check boxes
scrollable lists
action buttons.
Getting Started
To change the setting, click on the down arrow or button face to reveal the full list of
available options. Then pick the required option.
When the arrow has a bar under it, clicking on the button leads to another form, at
which the required option can be selected from a scrollable list.
3-3
Getting Started
3-4
Getting Started
Some forms contain more specific types of control button, which carry out particular
command options. The action is indicated by the name of the button (such as Add or
Remove).
3.2 Logging in
This is the first step of the tutorial exercise. If you do not know where the PDMS
program is stored on your system, you will have to contact your system
administrator at this point.
Exercise begins:
1.
2.
3.
Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, the name of the Project in
which you want to work. For this tutorial, the project is SAM (in upper case).
4.
Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, your Username. For this
tutorial, it is SAMPLE (in upper case).
3-5
Getting Started
5.
Enter your allocated Password, which is SAMPLE (in upper case). The
textbox displays an asterisk for each entered letter.
6.
Enter, or select using the dropdown list button, the part of the project
Multiple Database (MDB) you want to work in. For this tutorial it is
SAMPLE.
7.
Using the dropdown list, select the name of the module you wish to use. This is
Design.
8.
Make sure that you leave the Read Only box unchecked, so that you can
modify the database as you work.
9.
You must specify which files (Load from) to load at startup. The options are
the application default settings (Macro Files) or a customised setup saved
during an earlier session (Load from Binary Files). For this tutorial
select Macro Files.
When you have entered all the necessary details, the form looks like this:
10.
Click on the
button.
3-6
Getting Started
3-7
Getting Started
Status Bar
This displays information about the current status of your operations.
You can reposition or minimise these windows at any time using standard window
management facilities.
This gives you help on any window currently visible in the display. When you select
this option, the pointer changes to a question mark (?). Move the question mark into
the window on which you want help and click the left-hand mouse button.
Help>Contents
This displays the Help three-pane window with the Contents tab at the front so that
you can find the required topic from the hierarchical contents list.
Help>Index
This displays the Help three-pane window with the Index tab at the front so that you
can find all topics relevant to a selected keyword.
Help>About
This displays information about the version of PDMS that you are using.
More Info... lists the version numbers of the libraries being used by the
displayed version of PDMS.
Pressing the F1 key at any time will display the help topic for the currently active
window (equivalent to Help>On Context for the current window).
Note:
3.5
For most of the forms in the ASL Modeller Application, on-line help is
NOT available. In these circumstances, this guide takes the place of on-line
help.
3-8
Getting Started
lower administrative levels (and their PDMS abbreviations) are Structure (STRU)
and Substructure (SUBS).
All data is represented in the database thus:
Its type
Its connectivity.
Some attribute settings must be defined by you when you create a new element,
others will be defined automatically by PDMS.
The vertical link between two elements on adjacent levels of the database hierarchy
is defined as an owner-member relationship. The element on the upper level is the
owner of those elements directly linked below it. The lower level elements are
members of their owning element. Each element can have many members, but it
can have only one owner.
When you are modifying a database (for example, when you are creating new
elements or changing the settings of their attributes), you can consider yourself to be
positioned at a specific point within the hierarchy. The element at this location is
called the current element (often abbreviated to CE).
You can navigate from any element to any other, thereby changing the current
element, by following the owner-member links up and down the hierarchy.
In many cases, commands which you give for modifying the attributes of an element
will assume that the changes are to be applied to the current element unless you
specify otherwise, so you must understand this concept and always be aware of your
current position in the database hierarchy. The Design Explorer will always show
you this information.
3-9
Getting Started
11.
Start the ASL application by selecting Design from the top-level bar menu,
Structures from the pull-down menu and ASL Modeller from the first
submenu (Design>Structures>ASL Modeller).
When the application has loaded, you will see the applications bar menu, across the top
of the window thus:
12.
Before you proceed further, see Appendix A for guidance on the effects of
setting different drawing levels.
The following chapters of this guide explain how to select appropriate combinations
of options from the various menus, and how to fill in any associated forms, to enable
you to carry out specific design functions for adding accessways, stairs and/or
ladders to your structural model.
The menus and forms have been designed so as to make their use as intuitive as
possible. This guide does not, therefore, attempt to explain every command option,
only those needed to carry out the principal design tasks.
The contents of some forms change interactively to match your choice of options, so
that the selections presented to you and the input data requested from you are always
directly relevant to the current situation. Because of this, some design functions are
easier to use in practice than they are to describe in theory. You will learn to use the
applications most rapidly if you experiment with the various menu and form options
yourself (remembering to quit without saving your changes if you practise on a real
database).
3.7
3-10
Getting Started
Some of these parameters, such as the length and width, are specific to each
individual item and must be defined separately each time a new platform is created.
The definition is made either explicitly, by typing values into text boxes, or
implicitly, by using the cursor to pick existing design elements relative to which the
new item is to be positioned.
Other parameters, such as floorplate thickness, handrail design definitions, kickplate
depth etc., which are likely to be common to all such structures, have their initial
settings derived from the current defaults file. You can change the current default
settings at any time, so that they take effect for all subsequent design work, or you
can override one or more individual settings by editing the entries in the
corresponding text boxes as you create each ASL item.
D ire c tion
Wid th
Ha n d rail lo c a tio n s
Ha n d rail p o s t ty pe
(e .g . jo in te d, flo or m ou n te d)
Le n g th
Kic k p la te de p th
Flo o rp la te th ic k n e s s
3-11
Getting Started
The form shows the current setting for each parameter and the name of the defaults
file from which the settings have been obtained.
When you first enter the ASL application, the defaults file is defined within the
initialisation file PDMSUI/DES/ADMIN/SETUP; the file is typically defined as
%PDMSDFLTS%/DES-ACCESS.
To change any of the parameter default settings, edit the corresponding entries in the
ASL Defaults form. Note that three of the settings are defined by using drop-down
list, rather than by editing values in text boxes. These are:
Handrail Joints defining the geometry of the joints (ball, cone or tee)
3-12
Getting Started
Post Type
Steelwork Type
You can save the modified settings, or load a new set of defaults from an existing
file, by using the File menu options on the ASL Defaults form in the usual way.
This is a convenient way for you to build up a library of standard ASL design
configurations for use on different types of steelwork structures, or to meet different
company standards.
Once satisfactory sets of default values have been established, it should not be
necessary to change these in normal use, because they will usually represent projectwide or company-wide standards.
3-13
Rectangular platform
Corner platform
Return access
Walkway
Circular platform
This chapter also explains how to insert a penetration into the floorplate of any
platform to allow another design element, such as a pipe, to pass through it.
Note:
4-1
0
R e c tan gu lar p la tform
Corn e r p latfo rm
(R .H. l ayou t)
R e tu rn ac c e s s p l atform
s h ow s or ig in
an d d ir e c t io n
The only data that is not taken from the defaults file is that which defines the
position and dimensions of the platform. You may specify such data in either of two
ways:
Implicitly, by using the cursor to pick four design steelwork elements upon
which the platform is to be placed and which will define its boundaries.
Exercise continues:
13.
4-2
Make sure that you are at World level in the Design Explorer, then select
Create>Site to display the Create Site form:
14.
Type ASL.SITE in the Name text box, and press the Enter key to confirm the
name. The system automatically adds a / prefix to this name so that it conforms
with the internal PDMS file naming conventions:
/ASL.SITE.
The Purpose setting is optional, and is used for selecting particular categories of
element for use in compiling reports etc. Identify your Site as one that holds
civils modelling data by selecting STLT Tertiary Steelwork.
Your settings now look like this:
15.
Click OK to create the Site element. Your first element appears in the Design
Explorer as the current element:
4-3
16.
Select Create>Zone. You will let the system name the Zone. On the
Create Zone form: Set the Name option to Autoname
4-4
17.
has
You will see an element creation form similar to this (the precise format
depends on the type of platform specified):
19.
20.
21.
Enter the coordinates of the new platforms origin (the centre of the rectangle)
in the Position text boxes, checking that the Wrt entry refers to the correct
reference axis system.
4-5
22.
Enter the platforms dimensions, as required, in the Length and Width text
boxes.
23.
The default orientation for a newly created platform is with its length pointing
North and with the plane of the platform horizontal (these directions are not
derived from the defaults file). If you wish to rotate the platform about a vertical
axis through its origin, edit the entry in the Direction text box.
For a Return Access platform, the specified direction defines the direction of the
open end.
24.
OK the form to create the platform, complete with appropriate handrails and
kickplates.
25.
If you have created a corner or return access platform, you will see the prompt
Mirror? This gives you the opportunity to change your mind about the
handrail layout by moving the rails to the opposite sides. Select Yes or No as
required.
An example platform (with Length and Width set to 1000, 1000
respectively, and YES selected for Mirror) is shown below:
At this point we need to add some steelwork sections to the display, so select
STABILIZER/STEEL/EQUIPRACK from the Design Explorer and add
EQUIPRACK to the display by selecting it and selecting 3D View>Add from the
27.
Note that the default type of steel should be set to Nodal. If it is not, you will
not be able to pick the elements upon which you wish to install the platform and
the application will fail.
28.
4-7
29.
30.
31.
Set the Extent option gadget to show how the platforms boundaries are to be
related to the datum lines of the sections which will be used to define them. The
choices are:
Centreline
Edge
32.
33.
34.
If you have created a corner or return access platform, you will see the prompt
Do you want to mirror the ... Platform? This gives you the
opportunity to change your mind about the handrail layout by moving the rails
to the opposite sides. Select Yes or No as required.
An example platform (with NO selected for Do you want to mirror
the ... ?) is shown below:
4-8
4.2
4-9
Round platform
with optional inside rail
Hexagonal platform
(Six Sides)
Octagonal platform
(Eight Sides)
90o round
180o round
360o round
without inside rail
Exercise continues:
To create any of the above platform types, reselect PLATFORMS as the current
element, remove EQUIPRACK from the display (by selecting it and selecting
Remove From Draw List from the shortcut menu) and proceed as follows:
35.
4-10
36.
37.
38.
Enter the coordinates of the new platforms origin (the centre of the
circumscribing circle) in the Position text boxes, checking that the Wrt
entry refers to the correct reference axis system.
39.
40.
For a round platform, enter the Angle subtended by the segment (the default
setting of 0 gives a full 360o platform) and the Direction of the starting edge
(remembering that the angle is measured anticlockwise), thus:
4-11
An gle
Or igin
Ra diu s t o
ou t side of
floor
F loor
widt h
41.
For a round platform, set the Inside rail option button to specify whether
or not you want a rail round the inner penetration (if any).
42.
OK the form to create the platform, complete with appropriate handrails and
kickplates.
An example Round platform is shown below:
4-12
4.3
P ipe
Squ a r e
pen et r a t ion
in floor pla te
Exercise continues:
4.3.1
43.
4-13
44.
Enter the North/South and East/West coordinates for the centre of the
penetration. (The Up/Down coordinate will be derived from the position of the
floorplate through which the penetration is to pass.)
45.
46.
Set the Floor type option button to show the shape of the platform
(Rectangular or Circular) into which the penetration will be inserted.
(This information is needed to ensure that the penetration creation calculations
are correctly executed.)
47.
Click Apply.
48.
49.
4-14
50.
Enter the minimum Clearance distance required between the pipe or piping
component and the sides of the penetration.
51.
Set the Floor type option button to show the shape of the platform
(Rectangular or Circular) into which the penetration will be inserted.
(This information is needed to ensure that the penetration creation calculations
are correctly executed.)
52.
Click Apply.
53.
54.
4-15
4-16
Creating Stairs
This chapter explains how to create flights of stairs, complete with side rails on one
or both sides, between the floor and a platform (a bottom flight) or between two
platforms (a top flight). The difference between the two configurations is the shape
of the bottom end of the side rails, thus:
Rails have
terminating loops
Bottom Flight
Note:
Top Flight
5-1
Creating Stairs
Left-hand rail
Right-hand rail
Direction
Width between
stringers
Height
Stringer thickness
Origin
(midway between
stringers)
Stringer depth
Angle
Length
Of these, Angle, Stringer depth, Stringer thickness and Width between stringers are
defined within the defaults file.
You can specify the overall dimensions of a stair in one of three ways:
For top flights only, by identifying the p-points on finished floor levels (FFL) at
the bottom and top of the stair - see Section 5.2
Exercise continues:
Select the required combination of menu options from the following, depending
on your chosen configuration and method of specifying dimensions:
Create>Stair>top flight>Height & Angle
Create>Stair>bottom flight>Height & Angle
Create>Stair>top flight>Height & Length
Create>Stair>bottom flight>Height & Length
5-2
Creating Stairs
You will see a Stair Creation form similar to this (the precise format depends
on the chosen menu selection):
56.
57.
58.
Enter the coordinates for the origin of the stairs (that is, the mid-point of the
lower front extremity) in the Position text boxes, checking that the Wrt
entry refers to the correct reference axis system.
59.
60.
Enter the Height and, for Height & Length specifications only, the Length.
Note that the specified length refers to the horizontal projection, not the actual
length of the stringers.
61.
5-3
Creating Stairs
5.2
Exercise continues:
Before you begin, ensure that both platforms that will be used to define the stairs are
shown in the 3D view.
5-4
62.
63.
64.
65.
Click OK.
66.
Creating Stairs
cursor. The p-points will be shown as blobs and the cursor shape will change
from . to
when it is over a p-point.
67.
When you have successfully picked a p-point on the first floorplate, you will be
prompted to Identify P-Point on second floorplate. Using
the same technique as in Step 5, pick a p-point on the platform which will
determine the top of the stair.
The stair will be created, complete with appropriate handrails, between the
finished floor levels at the p-point locations.
Note:
5-5
Creating Ladders
This chapter explains how to create any of the following types of ladder:
A step ladder
These configurations are illustrated in Figure 6.1, which shows the origin and
direction that you will use to position and orientate each type. The figure also shows
the intended access direction(s) from each type of ladder.
6-1
Creating Ladders
Key:
Origin and
direction of
ladder
Access
direction(s)
Step ladder
Select Create>Ladder>Step.
You will see a step ladder creation form like this:
6-2
Creating Ladders
69.
70.
Enter the coordinates for the origin of the ladder (that is, the mid-point of the
lower front extremity) in the Position text boxes, checking that the Wrt
entry refers to the correct reference axis system.
71.
72.
Enter the Height to top of platform and select the required angle
from the permissible range using the option button.
73.
OK the form to create the step ladder, complete with appropriate handrails.
Select the required combination of menu options from the following, depending
on your chosen configuration:
Create>Ladder>Front Exit
Create>Ladder>Side Exit>Single
Create>Ladder>Side Exit>Double
You will see a ladder creation form similar to this (the precise format depends
on the chosen menu selection):
6-3
Creating Ladders
6-4
75.
76.
Check that the default setting for Clearance is suitable. This setting defines
the stand-off distance between the ladder and any potential obstructions behind
it. Change it if necessary.
77.
Enter the coordinates for the origin of the ladder (that is, the mid-point of the
lower front extremity) in the Position text boxes, checking that the Wrt
entry refers to the correct reference axis system.
78.
79.
Enter the Height or, for a double exit ladder, the Height to top
platform and the Height to first platform.
80.
OK the form to create the ladder, complete with appropriate safety hoops and,
for a front exit ladder, a top rail.
Although the platforms, stairs and ladders described in Chapters 4, 5 and 6 can be
created complete with appropriate posts, handrails and kickplates, there will be times
when you need to add these specifically to existing accessways. You are most likely
to do this when you want to modify an existing handrail round a platform in order to
allow access for a new stair or ladder (some types of which already incorporate short
sections of handrail). This chapter tells you how to create such individual
components.
In both cases, the joints may have any of the following shapes:
Ball
Cone
Tee
7-1
Handrail
A post
A corner post
Ball joints
Cone joints
Tee joints
7-2
Maximum Post Pitch - specifies the maximum permitted distance between adjacent
posts, and thus determines the number of intermediate posts created for a given
length of handrail.
The type of joint which will be included when you create a new post is determined
by the Handrail Joints setting in the defaults file. You can, however, change the joint
type on any individual post after the post has been created.
To do so, select the appropriate option from the Create>Corner Posts> menu and
then follow the instructions when prompted to pick the item(s) which are to be used
to locate the new posts.
If you wish to use Create>Corner Posts>At Explicit Corner, your current element
must be the floorplate upon which the corner post is to be mounted. You will then be
asked to specify the corner (N/W, N/E, S/E or S/W; based on the default orientation)
at which the post is to be added.
If you use Create>Corner Posts>On Floorplate, you will be prompted use the
cursor to pick an existing floorplate. Corner post pairs will be added at all four
corners of the plate.
If you use Create>Corner Posts>At Intersection of Rails, you will be prompted to
pick two top handrails. If the rails do not intersect, an error will result.
As an explicit point
If you use Create>Post>At Explicit, you will see a form on which you can enter the
coordinates of the point at which the base of the post is to be positioned.
If you use Create>Post>At P-Point, you will be prompted to pick a p-point on a
floorplate. The easiest way to do this is to position the cursor anywhere on the
required floorplate and hold down the left-hand mouse button as you move the
7-3
cursor. The p-points will be shown as blobs and the cursor shape will change from
. to when it is over a p-point.
One end of an existing handrail and an existing post (which may be a corner post
or an intermediate post)
In all cases, the posts will be equispaced and the number of posts will be calculated
automatically from the distance between the points and the maximum permitted post
pitch (as set in the current defaults file).
You will be asked whether or not the new row of posts is to have handrails.
If you use Create>Post>Between Handrail Ends, you will be prompted to pick p
points on the top elbows of two handrails.
If you use Create>Post>Between Posts, you will be prompted to pick two posts.
Pick the cylinders forming the main uprights in each case.
If you use Create>Post>Between End and Post, you will be prompted first to pick
a p-point on the top elbow of a handrail and then to pick a post.
You will be prompted to Identify posts upright. Using the cursor, pick
the post (now just a vertical cylinder) whose joints you are changing.
You will then be asked, Rotate joint? Choose No to retain the default
joint orientation or Yes to rotate the new joints by 90o.
Joint
Post base
When you create a handrail, both the top and bottom rails are created as a pair of
equal-length cylinders. You can, however, modify each rail independently. (The
methods of modifying such items are explained in Chapters 8 and 9.)
Closures - a loop linking the top and bottom rails together (an example of this
was shown on a bottom flight of stairs in Chapter 5)
7-5
the individual rail (which may be either a top or bottom rail) to which the end pad is
to be attached.
You will then be prompted to Identify handrail p-point. Pick the ppoint at the end of the rail where you want to add the end pad. (If you pick a point
which is not at the end of a rail, you will generate an error.)
Direction
Length
You will be prompted to pick first the floorplate and then the edge along which
the kickplate is required.
Along Edge with Cut Out - Adds kickplate along one side of the floorplate
only, with a cut-out between two specified handrail posts. You would use this
where a stairway or ladder gives access onto the platform. You will be
prompted to pick first the floorplate, then the edge along which the kickplate is
required, then the two posts between which the cut-out is wanted.
All Around Floorplate - Adds kickplate on all sides of the floorplate. You will
Between Posts - Adds kickplate between two specified posts only (in effect,
the inverse of the cut-out option). You will be prompted to pick the floorplate
and then the two posts.
7-7
7-8
8.1
Explicit Positioning
You can position an element explicitly at a given position in the following ways:
By using the cursor to identify the point at which the element is to be positioned
Exercise continues:
8-1
82.
8-2
8.2
Exercise continues:
83.
84.
Enter the distance by which you wish to move the origin in each direction.
Use the CE option on the drop-down list box at top left to position the
element relative to its current position.
Use Pick to select a member of the current element to move.
List will move the current element relative to a List.
The Positioning Control form controls the use of event-driven graphics for
positioning. For more information, see the Positioning Control form help topic
in the Design online help:
8-3
8.3
Through
Clearance
Towards
Exercise continues:
Select Position>Move>Distance.
8-4
86.
87.
Select how you wish to define the position of the moved element relative to the
reference point, using the first option button:
88.
Only
Positions the item the given distance and direction from the
previous item.
Infront
Behind
Onto
Under
From
To
Select how you wish to identify the reference point using the second option
button:
Cursor
A cursor-identified 3D position
ID Cursor
The origin of a cursor-identified item
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin
89.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
90.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
8-5
Select Position>Move>Through.
92.
Set the direction for the move. Note that the current direction of the component
is displayed in the Direction box.
93.
Select how you wish to define the Through point from the following options:
Cursor
A cursor-identified 3D position
ID Cursor
The origin of a cursor-identified item
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin
94.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
95.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
Select Position>Move>Clearance.
8-6
The OBST setting shows that it is the obstruction box of the current element, rather
than its detailed geometry, which is used to calculate clearances.
97.
Set the direction for the move. Note that the current direction of the component
is displayed in the Direction box.
98.
99.
Select how you wish to define the position of the moved element relative to the
reference point, using the first option button:
100.
Infront
Can be used for any direction in a plan view; that is, Behind
N, S, E and W, and any angles in between. Used as if you
are looking in the direction specified.
Onto
From
To
Select how you wish to identify the reference point using the second option
button:
Cursor
A cursor-identified 3D position
ID Cursor
The origin of a cursor-identified item
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin.
101.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
8-7
102.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
Select Position>Move>Towards.
104.
105.
Select how you wish to define the Towards point from the following options:
Cursor
ID Cursor
ID P-point
Name ...
Pin ...
A cursor-identified 3D position
The origin of a cursor-identified item
A cursor-identified p-point
The origin of a named element
The position of a construction pin
106.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
107.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
8.4
8-8
the element moves relative to its original origin. The difference is illustrated in the
following diagram:
or igin a l
elem en t
or igin a l elem en t
wit h or igin a t
it s cen t re
or igin (a n d elem en t )
m oved r ela t ive t o
syst em a xes
or igin redefined a t
corn er of elem en t
Exercise continues:
Explicit
109.
If you selected ID P-Point, use the pointer to pick the required p-point when
prompted.
110.
If you selected Explicit, enter the required distance(s) on the resulting form.
8.5
If you are not familiar with the concepts of specifying positions as the
intersections of projected axes and planes through other items, you
should refer to the Design Reference Manual.
These options allow you to position an element relative to a projected plane through
a specified position. The available options are:
Distance
Through
Clearance
Exercise continues:
8-9
112.
Set the direction for the move (Direction), the direction of the plane
(Through), and distance for the move (Distance). Note that the current
direction of the component is displayed in the Direction box.
113.
Select how you wish to define the position of the moved element relative to the
reference plane, using the first option button:
114.
Only
Positions the item the given distance and direction from the
previous item.
Infront
Behind
Onto
Under
From
To
Select how you wish to identify the reference point which will determine the
plane using the second option button:
Cursor
ID Cursor
8-10
A cursor-identified 3D position
The origin of a cursor-identified item
Accessways, Stairs and Ladders Application User Guide
Version 11.6
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin
115.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
116.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
118.
Set the direction for the move (Direction) and direction of the plane
(Through). Note that the current direction of the component is displayed in
the Direction box.
119.
Select how you wish to identify the reference point which will determine the
plane:
Cursor
A cursor-identified 3D position
ID Cursor
The origin of a cursor-identified item
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin
120.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
8-11
121.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
123.
Set the direction of the move (Direction), the direction of the plane
(Through), and the required clearance distance from the plane (Clearance).
124.
Select how you wish to define the position of the moved element relative to the
reference plane, using the first option button:
125.
Infront
Behind
Onto
Under
From
To
Select how you wish to identify the reference point that will determine the
plane, using the second option button:
Cursor
ID Cursor
8-12
A cursor-identified 3D position
The origin of a cursor-identified item
Accessways, Stairs and Ladders Application User Guide
Version 11.6
ID P-point
A cursor-identified p-point
Coordinate ... A given coordinate
Name ...
The origin of a named element
Pin ...
The position of a construction pin.
126.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding item when
prompted to do so (in a plan or elevation view).
127.
If you have chosen Coordinate, Name or Pin, enter the required details on
the resulting form.
8.6
Exercise continues:
129.
130.
131.
Unless you happen to want the stair/ladder exactly at the p-point position (only
likely if this is at the centre of one side rather that at a corner), use the
Position> Relatively (By) option to move the stair/ladder along the side of
the platform by the required distance.
8-13
8.7
Orientating Elements
By default, the orientation of a Structure or Substructure is:
X is East,
Y is North and
Z is Up.
You can redefine this local axis system in one of two ways:
If you specify the direction of one axis only, the other axes will try to retain their
default directions where possible. For example, if you specify X is North, then
the Y direction (which was North) will also change but the Z direction remains
Up. Thus, although you only specify a new direction for one axis, the directions
of at least two axes will be changed.
If you specify the directions of two axes, then you define the orientation of the
element completely.
You can also re-orientate an element by rotating it through a specified angle about a
specified axis.
Exercise continues:
Select Orientate>Axes.
133.
Select the axes that you wish to define, and enter the required orientations.
For more information on the use of this form, see the Orientate Form help
topic in the Design online help.
8-14
8.7.2
134.
Rotating an Element
Select Orientate>Rotate.
You will see a form like this, which lets you rotate an element through a
specified angle about a specified axis:
For more information on the use of this form, see the Rotate Form help
topic in the Design online help.
8-15
8-16
Sliding a primitive (moving it along one of its axes) such that one end is at a
specified location.
Changing the direction of the handrail joints on stairs and ladders such that they
align with platform handrails.
9-1
circular toruses
forming top
handrail joints
dishes forming
ball joints
(2 dishes per joint)
cylinders forming
post uprights
cylinders forming
handrail sections
box forming
post mounting
plate
circular toruses
forming part of
handrail closure
boxes forming
stair treads
polyhedron forming
stair stringer
135.
Ensure that your current element is the primitive whose dimensions you want to
modify. Select Modify>Stretch/Trim> option, where option gives you the
following choices:
All Sides... - Changes all dimensions of the current primitive by a specified
9-2
Tr im
(-va lu e)
St r et ch
(+va lu e)
p-point on
second
pr im it ive
To Pline - Brings a selected p-point on the primitive to coincide with a target pline on another structural design element which you will pick using the cursor.
Clearance to P-Point - Brings a selected p-point on the primitive to a specific
distance from a target p-point which you will pick using the cursor. You can
specify a positive or negative clearance, depending on which side of the target
p-point the clearance distance is required.
cur r en t pr im it ive
Or igin a l
posit ion
of p-point
clea r a n ce t o
p-poin t on
secon d pr im a t ive
distance from a target p-line which you will pick using the cursor. You can
specify a positive or negative clearance, depending on which side of the target
p-line the clearance distance is required.
136.
When prompted, use the cursor to pick the p-point on the current primitive that
you will use to define its new length.
137.
If you have chosen one of the cursor options, pick the corresponding target item
to be used to define the new position of the p-point.
9-3
a step ladder has then been added to give access to the platform. The problem here is
that a post and part of the platform handrail block the exit from the ladder, as shown
in the enlarged view.
Post 1
Post 3
Post 4
Existing platform
with handrail
Post 2
Redundant post
Post 3
Unwanted
sections
of handrail
Post 4
Exercise continues:
A procedure for correcting this problem is as follows (it assumes that both a 3D
View similar to Figure 9.2 and the Members List are visible on screen):
138.
9-4
Pick any primitive which forms part of the redundant post. In the Members List,
move up to the owning Structure (i.e. the complete post/joint assembly). Use the
Delete>CE option to delete the complete post. The result is shown in Figure
9.3a.
139.
Pick the upper handrail (which is a single cylinder running from the top of Post
1 to Post 2). Select Modify>Stretch/Trim>To P-Point. When prompted, pick
that p-point on the current cylinder which is at Post 2 and then pick, as the
trimming reference, the p-point at the top of Post 3 (the top of Post 3s vertical
cylinder).
Hint: The easiest way to pick a specific p-point is to position the cursor
anywhere on the required primitive and hold down the left-hand mouse button
as you move the cursor. The p-points will be shown as blobs and the cursor
when it is over a p-point. Zoom in closer to
shape will change from . to
the view if you cannot see enough detail.
The upper handrail length will be trimmed so that it now runs from Post 1 to
Post 3, as shown in Figure 9.3b.
140.
Repeat the previous Step to trim the lower handrail back to Post 3, as shown in
Figure 9.3c.
141.
9-5
Note: At each step you will have the opportunity to undo the change after you
have seen its effect in the 3D View.
142.
Ensure that your current element is the primitive that you want to move. Select
Modify>Slide>option, where option gives you the following choices:
To P-Point - Moves the primitive in the direction of a selected p-point on the
primitive to align with a target p-point on another design element which you
will pick using the cursor.
Or igina l
posit ion of
pr im it ive
F ina l
posit ion of
pr im it ive
Or igina l
posit ion
of p-point
p-point on
second
pr im it ive
primitive to align with a target p-line on another design element which you will
pick using the cursor.
143.
When prompted, use the cursor to pick the p-point on the current primitive
which you will use to define its direction of movement and its new position.
144.
Pick the corresponding target p-point to be used to define the new position of
the primitives p-point.
Note: The axes through the two p-points need not be collinear. If not, the
primitive will move until the two p-points are aligned, thus:
Or igin a l
posit ion of
pr im it ive
F in a l
posit ion of
pr im it ive
Or igina l
posit ion
of p-poin t
p-poin t on
second
pr im it ive
9-6
9.3
Circular torus
handrail joint
Cylinder
handrail joint
Exercise continues:
145.
146.
9-7
The following illustrations show the effect of changing the Structure drawing level
for some typical ASL items.
A-1
Appendix A
Level 2 or 3
(basic shape)
Level 4 or 5
(soft volume,
inc. headroom)
Level 6 or 7
(fully detailed)
A-2
Appendix A
Level 2 or 3
(basic shape)
Level 4 or 5
(soft volume,
inc. headroom)
Level 6 or 7
(fully detailed)
Figure A.2 Drawing levels for a circular (round) platform with a central hole and
inner rail
A-3
Appendix A
Level 2 or 3
(basic shape)
Level 4 or 5
(soft volume,
inc. headroom)
Level 6 or 7
(fully detailed)
A-4
Appendix A
Level 2 or 3
(basic shape)
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6 or 7
(fully detailed)
A-5
Appendix A
A-6
Other Documentation
This guide serves purely as an introduction to those parts of PDMS most relevant to
the accessways, stairs and ladders application of structural design. Therefore, it
describes only the main concepts needed to get you started.
Documents that can provide you with further information are listed below.
B.1
B.2
B-1
Appendix B
B.3
General guides
The following guides are intended for use only by experienced PDMS users who
want to write their own applications:
Plant Design Software Customisation Guide
Explains how to write your own application macros using PML
(AVEVAs Programmable Macro Language) and how to design your
own forms and menus interface.
Plant Design Software Customisation Reference Manual
Supplements the Customisation Guide.
Includes a list of PML 2 Objects, Members and Methods. For Forms and
Menus objects, the command syntax relating to the
objects is included.
B-2
Index
3D view, 3-8
Mouse, 3-1
Application
definition, 2-1
Attribute
definition, 3-10
Owner
definition, 3-10
PDMS, 2-1
Buttons, 3-5
Representation, 3-11
Current element
definition, 3-10
Database hierarchy, 3-9
Site
definition, 3-9
Structure (STRU)
Element
definition, 3-10
F1 Key, 3-9
definition, 3-9
Subframework (SBFR)
definition, 3-9
Forms, 3-2
Framework (FRMW)
definition, 3-9
Graphical view, 3-8
Help, 3-8
Conventions, 1-1
Start, 3-5
Member
definition, 3-10
Menu bar, 3-8
Menus, 3-2
Module
definition, 2-1
View
3D/graphical, 3-8
World
definition, 3-9
Zone
definition, 3-9
Index-i