1. Maximum number of LUNs lhal can be allached lo a hosl (ESXi 5.

0)
o

2.

Maximum number of vCPUs lhal can be assigned lo a VM (ESXi 5.0)

o

3.

256

32

Whal are lhe uses of nldsul lool?

o

Some of lhe main uses of nldsul lool

i.

Aulhorilalive Reslore - Aulhorilalively reslores lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase or AD LDS inslance

ii.

ifm - Creale inslallalion media for wrilable and RODC selups (Offline DC provisioning)

iii.

meladala cleanup - Cleans up objecls of decommissioned servers

iv.

roles - Lransfers and seizes operalions masler roles

v.

sel DSRM password - Resels DSRM adminislralor password

vi.
fes

snapshol - Manages snapshols of lhe volumes lhal conlain lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase and log

4.

FSMO roles and ils faure scenarios

o

5.

hllp://vmwindowsadmin.blogspol.in/2013/07/fsmo-roles-in-nulshell.hlml

IPv6 addresses and ils DNS record

o

128 bil address

Represenled as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimel digils seperaled by colons

Represenled by AAAA record in DNS

6.

Uses DHCP v6 for addressing

Loadbalancer vs Cluslering
o

Cluslering

i.
Clusler is a group of resources lhal are lrying lo achieve a common objeclive, and are aware of
one anolher.
ii.
Cluslering usually involves selling up lhe resources (servers usually) lo exchange delas on a
parlicular channel (porl) and keep exchanging lheir slales, so a resources slale is replicaled al olher
places as well.
iii.

Il usually also includes load balancing, wherein, lhe requesl is rouled lo one of lhe resources in
lhe clusler as per lhe load balancing policy
o

Load Balancing

.
Used lo forward requesls lo eilher one server or olher, bul one server does nol use lhe olher
servers resources. Also, one resource does nol share ils slale wilh olher resources.

7.

Soflware inslallalion using group policy

o

Lhis can be done using 2 melhods

i.

Assigning

ii.

Publishing
o

Assign :

.
If you assign lhe program lo a user, il is inslalled when lhe user logs on lo lhe compuler. When lhe
user firsl runs lhe program, lhe inslallalion is compleled.
i.
If you assign lhe program lo a compuler, il is inslalled when lhe compuler slarls, and il is avaable
lo all users who log on lo lhe compuler. When a user firsl runs lhe program, lhe inslallalion is compleled.
o

Publish :

You can publish a program dislribulion lo users.

i.
When lhe user logs on lo lhe compuler, lhe published program is displayed in lhe Add or Remove
Programs dialog box, and il can be inslalled from lhere.
o

msi packages are used for inslallalion. Normal exe would nol work.

Windows cannol inslall lhe soflware whe lhe user is already logged on. Lhe user need lo
log off and log in

8.
Group policy securily flering for users. Which all users are in lhere by defaull. Members of
Aulhenlicaled Users group

9.

10.

Securily flering is a way of refining which users and compulers wl receive and apply lhe
sellings in a Group Policy objecl (GPO)

In order for lhe GPO lo apply lo a given user or compuler, lhal user or compuler musl
have bolh Read and Apply Group Policy (AGP) permissions on lhe GPO, eilher explicilly,
or effeclively lhrough group membership

By defaull, all GPOs have Read and AGP bolh Allowed for lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group.

Lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group includes bolh users and compulers. Lhis is how all
aulhenlicaled users receive lhe sellings of a new GPO when il is applied lo an
organizalional unil, domain or sile

Relevance of hosl fe and ils localion

o

Came before lhe concepl of DNS

An FQDN is firsl checked in Hosl fe

Localion : C:\Windows\Syslem32\Drivers\elc

L3 swilch vs Roulers
o

L3 swilches jusl have lhe elhernel porls only whereas lhe roulers have WAN inlerfaces

QoS is nol avaable wilh L3 swilches whereas in roulers il can be enabled

11.

12.

13.

Roulers have expansion slols and cards lhal allow lhem lo use differenl media lypes, like
serial conneclions for L1 and L3 circuils

Roulers are more inlelligenl in handling packels

L3 swilches does nol supporl NAL

VLAN vs Subnel
o

VLAN works al layer 2 whe subnel is al layer 3

Subnels are more concerned aboul IP addresses.

VLANs bring more nelwork efficiency

Subnels have weaker securily lhan VLANs as all lhe subnel uses lhe same physical
nelwork

Conlenls of Syslem slale backup

o

Regislry

COM+ Class Regislralion dalabase

Bool fes, including lhe syslem fes

Syslem fes lhal are under Windows Fe Proleclion

Aclive Direclory direclory service (If il is domain conlroller)

SYSVOL direclory (If il is domain conlroller)

Clusler service informalion (If il is a parl of a clusler)

IIS Meladireclory (If il is an IIS server)

Cerlificale Services dalabase (If il is a cerlificale server)

Incremenlal vs Differenlial backups

14.

15.

16.

Incremenlal backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel and resels il
afler backup

Differenlial backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel bul does nol
resel il afler backup

Robocopy
o

Microsofl lool used for copying fes effeclively

Il has plenly of oplions lo manage lhe copy process

How do you palch microsofl applicalions? Frequency of palches released by Microsofl

o

Lhe Microsofl applicalions can be palched using WSUS

In WSUS, we can creale several compuler groups lo manage lhis palch process.

MS palches are released once in a monlh

Explain GPO, GPC & GPL

o

GPO - Group Policy Objecl : Refers lo lhe policy lhal is configured al lhe Aclive Direclory
level and is inheriled by lhe domain member compulers. You can configure a GPO al lhe
sile level, domain level or OU level. GPO slores policy sellings in lwo localions GPC and
GPL

GPO behaviour : Local Policy > Sile GPO > Domain GPO > OU GPO > Chd OU GPO

GPC - Group Policy Conlainer :Lhis is lhe AD porlion of lhe group policy. Lhis can be
viewed using ADSI edil. Il slores version informalion, slalus informalion, and olher policy
informalion. When you creale a new GPO, an AD objecl of class groupPolicyConlainer
gels crealed under lhe Syslem\Policies conlainer wilhin your AD domain

GPL - Group Policy Lemplale : Lhe GPL is where lhe GPO slores lhe aclual sellings. Il
slores soflware policy scripl, and deploymenl informalion.

GPL is slored in SYSVOL share (\\DomainNameHere\SYSVOL\Policies) whereas GPC is

slored in lhe AD

17.

Whal is CPU affinily in VMware? Ils impacl on DRS?

o

CPU refers lo a logical processor on a hyperlhreaded syslem and refers lo a core on a

non-hyperlhreaded syslem

By selling CPU affinily for each VM, you can reslricl lhe assignmenl of VMs lo a subsel of
avaable processors

Lhe main use of selling CPU affinily is when lhere are display inlensive workloads which
requires addilional lhreads wilh vCPUs.

DRS wl nol work wilh CPU affinily

hllp://frankdenneman.nl/2011/01/11/bealing-a-dead-horse-using-cpu-affinily/

18.

VMversion 4 vs VMversion 7
o

Version 4

i.

Runs on ESX 3.x

ii.

Max supporled RAM 64 GB

iii.

Max vCPUs 4

iv.

MS clusler is nol supporled

v.

4 NICs/VM

vi.

No USB Supporl
o

Version 7

Runs on vSphere 4.x

i.

Max supporled RAM 256 GB

ii.

Max vCPUs 8

iii.

MS clusler is supporled

iv.

10 NICs/VM

v.

USB supporl

19.

Whal happens lo lhe VMs if a slandalone hosl is laken lo mainlenance mode?

o

In case of slandalone servers , VMware recommends lhal VMs should be powered off
before pulling lhe server in mainlenance mode

If we pul lhe slandalone hosl in mainlenance mode wilhoul powering off lhe VMs, il wl
remain in lhe enlering mainlenance mode slale unl lhe VMs are all shuldown

When all lhe VMs are powered down, lhe hosl slalus changes lo under mainlenance

hllp://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-4-esxvcenler/index.jsp#using_drs_cluslers_lo_manage_resources/c_using_mainlenance_mode.hlml

20.

Whal is new in Windows server 2012

o

Server core improvemenls: no need of fresh inslallalion, you can add/remove GUI from
server manager

Remolely manage servers , add/remove roles elc using Server manager-manage 2008
and 2008 R2 wilh WMF 3.0 inslallalion, inslalled by defaull in Server 2012

Remole server adminislralion lools avaable for windows 8 lo manage Windows server
2012 infraslruclure

Powershell v3

Hyper-V 3.0

i.

supporls uplo 64 processors and 1 LB RAM per virlual machine

ii.

uplo 320 logical hardware processors and 4 LB RAM per hosl

iii.

Shared nolhing live migralion, move around VMs wilhoul shared slorage

21.

22.

23.

ReFS(Resienl fe syslem), upgraded version of NLFS- supporls larger fe and direclory sizes.
Removes lhe 255 characler limilalion on long fe names and palhs, lhe limil on lhe
palh/fename size is now 32K characlers!

Improved CHKDSK ulily lhal wl fix disk corruplions in lhe background wilhoul disruplion

How does lhe backup soflware recognize lhal a fe has changed since lasl backup?
o

Lhe fes use a bil called archive bil for lracking any change in lhe fe.

Lhe backup soflwares normally checks lhe archive bil of lhe fe lo delermine whelher lhe
fe has lo be backed up or nol

How can you edil a vm lemplale?

o

Lhe VM lemplales cannol be modified as such

Firsl , lhe VM lemplale have lo be converled lo a virlual machine

Afler making necessary machines in lhe virlual machine, converl lhe virlual machine back
lo lemplale

VMware configuralion maximums

o

i.

ESXi 5.1

VMs
1. vCPUs - 64
2. RAM - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 1LB

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 128
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Memory - 2 LB
7. Virlual machines - 512

i.

ESXi 5.0

VMs
1. vCPUs - 32
2. RAM - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 1LB

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 32
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Memory - 2 LB
7. Virlual machines - 512

ESXi 4.x

ii.

VMs
1. vCPUs - 8
2. RAM - 255GB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vmdk size - 256GB/512GB/1LB/2LB for 1/2/4/8 block sizes

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. vSwilches - 32
4. Virlual machines - 320
5. Porls in a swilch - 4096

24.
Whal is lhe major difference belween Windows server 2008 and windows server 2012 in lerms
of AD promolion?

In Win 2012, dcpromo has been deprecialed.In Order lo make a Windows server 2012 lo a domain
conlroller, lhe ADDS service has lo be inslalled from lhe server manager. Afler inslallalion, run lhe posldeploymenl configuralion wizard from server manager lo promole lhe server as AD

25.

VMware hardware version comparison